Comparison of the Sense of Coherence between Mothers with Healthy Children and Mothers of Children with Chronic Disease in Kerman

Comparison of the Sense of Coherence between Mothers with Healthy Children and Mothers of Children with Chronic Disease in Kerman Avaznejad Nosrat1, Ravanipour Maryam2*, Bahreini Masood3, Motamed Nilofar4 Received: 31. 08. 2016 Revised: 02. 11. 2016 Accepted: 10. 09. 2016 Abstract Introduction: Children with chronic disease make some problems in the family that have negative effect on the family members’ quality of life, especially mother’s. Promoting the sense of coherence and capability of mothers to adapt and manage the problems of children with chronic disease and their family seems necessary. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 300 women (150 mothers with healthy children and 150 mothers of children with chronic disease). Convenience sampling was used for mothers of children with chronic disease, and random sampling for mothers of healthy children. Data were collected using the valid and reliable Antonovsky's sense of coherence scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (the frequency, mean, standard deviation) and analytic statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney U test) by SPSS 18. Results: There was a significant difference in the total score of mothers’ sense of coherence between the groups. There was also a significant difference in the three components of mothers’ sense of coherence (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness), so that mothers with healthy children had higher scores in all cases (P=0.0001). Conclusion: It seems that a comprehensive program of empowerment that promotes the mothers’ sense of coherence, can be very effective in reducing the problems of compatibility, management, and care of mothers of children with chronic disease, and subsequently, promotes the Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in family members. Key¬words: Sense of Coherence, Mother, Chronic Disease, Healthy Children, Children with Chronic Disease, Atonovesky’s Questionnaire ¬Citation: Avaznejad N, Ravanipour M. Bahreini M, Motamed N. Comparison of the Sense of Coherence between Mothers with Healthy Children and Mothers of Children with Chronic Disease in Kerman. Journal of Health Based Research 2016; 2(2): 183-196. 1. MSc, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 2. Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Center for Research of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Persian Gulf, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 3. Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. 4. Associate Professor, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Busheh,r Iran. *Correspondence: Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Rishehr Street, Bushehr, Iran. Tel: 07518759577 Email: [email protected]

Renal Artery Stenosis and Its Predictors in Hypertensive Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Angiography

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) has been increasingly recognized in the recent years, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). RAS affects the patients with hypertension (HTN), but the exact prevalence is not known. Objectives: This study was performed to determine the prevalence and to identify the predictors of RAS in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary artery angiography. Patients and Methods: In a cross-sectional study from August 2008 to August 2009, 481 patients with HTN and suspected CAD underwent selective coronary and renal angiography for screening and predicting RAS. RAS was defined as a higher than 50% stenosis in the renal artery lumen. Multivariate analysis of factors associated with the presence of RAS were examined using a logistic regression model. Results: The mean ± standard deviation of age was 59.25 ± 10.81 years and 50.3% were men. According to angiographic data, 425 patients (88.4%) had CAD, while 56 (11.6%) had normal coronary arteries. RAS was seen in 94 (22%) patients with CAD. The multivariate logistic regression analysis identified only age (P < 0.001) and the number of significant coronary lesions (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of RAS. Gender, smoking, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP) and body mass index (BMI) were not independent predictors. Conclusions: This study suggests that in the management of patients with RAS, risk factors should most likely be considered as beneficial. In addition, the clinical and angiographic features are helpful in predicting its presence in elderly patients with CAD

Comparison of Power Hierarchy, Cohesion and Structure in Families with and Without a Disabled Child From the Perspective of their Mothers, Bushehr 2015

Background: Power hierarchy, cohesion and family structure are the main component of every family. Families with disabled children may be affected with this structure and function. The aim of this study was to comparison of the power hierarchy, cohesion and family structure with disabled and non-disabled children in Bushehr from the perspective of their mothers (2015). Materials & Methods: In this Cross-sectional study, 150 mothers of disabled and non-disabled children in Bushehr city were selected by census and clusters method, respectively. Family structure, cohesion and hierarchy of mothers was assessed by using the Family System Test (FAST). Data were analyzed by using SPSS software (Version 18) and statistical tests carried out such as (Independent t-test, ANOVA and chisquare test. Results: Based on this results, there was no significant difference between the families in terms of power (p=0.22) but the cohesion of families with children with physical disabilities (p=0.0001, 1/90 ± 0.54) and mentally (p=0.0001, 1.56 ± 0.73) is less than the natural family (p=0.0001, 2.26 ± 0.52), Also in terms of structure, there was no significant difference between families with healthy children and physical disability and mentally (p=0.05). Conclusion: Findings showed that the cohesion of families with disabled children are more vulnerable than healthy family. In the first step, awareness of young couples about the outcome of the birth of a disabled child is necessary and inevitable and in second step, providing training and adequate support to families with disabled child

Designing and Psychometric Properties of Elderly Cognitive Empowerment Questionnaire of Individual Changes

Background: Considering the growing elderly population and reducing their physical and mental abilities, and higher frequency of chronic diseases, attention to their empowerment is considered a necessity. So, the aim of this study was to designing and psychometric properties of elderly cognitive empowerment questionnaire of individual changes. Material and Methods: In this methodologic study, 294 elderly aged 60-70 years were studied by using a convenience sampling method in Bushehr city. Waltz 2010 was used to design the questionnaire. According to targeted literature review and available documents about the empowerment of the elderly, the initial version of the questionnaire was designed with 42 items. After confirming the content validity of questionnaire by 10 medical specialists, exploratory factor analysis was performed using the construct validity. Its reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test re-test. To analyze the data, SPSS version 18 was used. Results: The first version of the questionnaire cognitive empowerment of individual changes were designed with 42 items. In the process of psychometric evaluation no item were removed during the validity of the content. Content validity index and content validity ratio was calculated 0.82 and 0.95 respectively. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, the number of the questionnaire items was reduced to 32 and dimensions of empowerment were classified in the eight factors as physical abilities, self-respect, spirituality, commitment, performance role, positional identification, self-management and self-assessment which can predict with 75.787 %. Internal reliability of the questionnaire dimensions were ranged from 0.62-0.84 and external reliability was 0.96. Conclusion: Due to the appropriate reliability and validity of the questionnaire cognitive empowerment, applying it in training centers, treatment and rehabilitation centers is recommended to evaluate the cognitive empowerment of seniors to verify their requisites and offering qualitative services to them

Empowerment in the self-management of hypertension: challenges from the perspective of Iranian elderly patients

Uncontrolled hypertension in the elderly causes various diseases and disability. This study was aimed to explore the challenges in self-management empowerment from the perspective of Iranian elderly patients with hypertension. Using exploratory descriptive approach, on 30 hypertension patients in Bushehr by purposive and convenience sampling method. First, qualitative data were collected through interviews with the elderly , and the quantitative data were then collected using a researcher-made questionnaire in three dimensions of knowledge, attitude and performance. Qualitative data was directed with the content analysis approach, and quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS. In the qualitative phase, coding and summarizing of the data obtained from deep semi-structured interviews with the elderly led to five areas of awareness of changes, autonomy, satisfaction with performance, coping and sense of control. 7 men and 23 women participated in the qualitative phase, in which the average age of participants was 66.17% and 63% were married. Data analysis showed that the mean score of the elderly was equal to 10.17 and 58.26 for the dimensions of knowledge and performance respectively, which were at a weak level; and the mean attitude score was 9.96, which was at a moderate level. Given the challenges in empowering the management of hypertension in elderly, the planned training is recommended to be developed for the elderly and health care staff to achieve the main objective, i.e. the empowerment of the elderly through the self-management of hypertension

The effect of Empowerment of Grandmother on Depression and Maternal Role Realization in Primiparae with Hospitalized Infant: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial

Background: Hospitalization of the newborn infant can cause depression crisis and severely undermine the attainment and realization of maternal role in a primipara. The neonate’s maternal grandmother can provide the support needed to help the primipara avoid or overcome the ensuing problems. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of empowerment of grandmothers on depression and maternal role realization in primiparae with hospitalized newborn. Method: In this randomized, controlled, clinical trial, 84 primiparae with their infants admitted to Shahid Rajaei Hospital of Gachsaran, Iran, were assigned to intervention and control groups. A grandmother empowerment intervention was devised by combining the concepts of Mercer’s theory with the stages of Ravanipour’s self-management empowerment model. The control group received the routine care. Depression and maternal role realization in all the primiparae were measured with Beck Depression Inventory and a researcher-made role realization questionnaire before and one month after the intervention. Data was analyzed by independent and paired t-test in SPSS, version 18. Results: The mean ages of the mothers in the intervention and control groups were respectively 27.02±5.3 and 24.0±4.1 years. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the depression scores (P>0.38) and role realization scores (P>0.40) of the subjects in the two groups; however, after the intervention, both scores showed significant differences (P<0.05). Implications for Practice: The intervention based on the self-management empowerment model led to significant improvement in depression and maternal role realization of the primiparae with hospitalized infant. This model can serve as a directive in neonatal wards and neonatal intensive care units

Fish and shrimp waste management at household and market in Bushehr, Iran

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the estimation and management of fish and shrimp wastes in Bushehr province. Two-part questionnaire including the demographic information, and fish and shrimp waste disposal method were completed for 91 stores and 636 households. The quantity of generated wastes was estimated based on the 3 different Scenarios. In addition, the waste generation factor were calculated for common fish and shrimp species. Results showed the waste generation factor for fish and shrimp equal to 32.67 and 42%, respectively. The total quantity of fish- and shrimp-generated wastes in Bushehr province was estimated to be 29,388 tons per year, of which the quantity of generated waste by stores and by households was 3731 tons per year (16 ton per capita per year) and 8804 tons per year (34 kg per capita per year), respectively. The remaining quantity is related to other unaccounted sectors such as fish industries. Moreover, the biogas production potential from an anaerobic digestion were estimated 2,675,400 m3 per year, which is equivalent to 16,052 MWh. In addition, the biodiesel production potential was obtained equivalent to 19 kt, which is about 4.2% of the total diesel fuel requirement of the province in 2016. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Urinary arsenic, cadmium, manganese, nickel, and vanadium levels of schoolchildren in the vicinity of the industrialised area of Asaluyeh, Iran

Asaluyeh is one of the most heavily industrialised areas in the world where gas, petrochemical, and many downstream industries are located. This study aims to survey the biomonitoring of four metals and one metalloid in children living in the vicinity of Asaluyeh area. To do this, we analysed the creatinine-adjusted urinary levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) in 184 elementary schoolchildren (99 boys and 85 girls) living in Asaluyeh and compared them with a reference population. The comparisons were done for two seasons (spring and fall). The results showed that in the case area (Asaluyeh), the levels of As, V, Mn, and Ni were significantly higher and that of Cd was not significantly higher than the reference city for both seasons. The mean concentration of metal(loid)s in Asaluyeh (case) and Sadabad (reference) area as μg g−1 creatinine was As 2.90 and 2.24, V 0.06 and 0.03, Mn 0.28 and 0.25, Ni 0.54 and 0.29, and Cd 0.31 and 0.28 in spring and As 3.08 and 2.28, V 0.07 and 0.03, Mn 0.30 and 0.26, Ni 0.91 and 0.30, and Cd 0.36 and 0.31 in the fall. Seasonal variations played a key role in determining urinary metal(loid) concentration, as we saw the significant level of As, Cd, V, and Ni in fall than in spring. With regard to the impact of gender on the absorption and accumulation of urinary metal(loid)s, boys showed higher levels of the studied elements, especially for As, than girls as outdoor activities are more popular among boys. Due to the values being lower than those reported in literature, more research is needed on various population groups and other exposure sources in order to judge whether living in the vicinity of the gas and petrochemical industries in Asaluyeh is a threat to nearby residents

Fluoride ionadsorptionontopalmstone: Optimizationthroughresponsesurface methodology,isotherm,andadsorbent characteristicsdata

In somepartoftheworld,groundwatersourcecanbecomeunsafe for drinkingduetothehighconcentrationof fluoride ions[1]. The low costandfacile-producedadsorbentlikepalmstonecould effectivelyremoved fluoride ionsthroughadsorptionprocess.In this dataset,theinfluence of fluoride ionconcentration,solution pH, adsorbentdosage,andcontacttimeon fluoride ionadsorption by palmstoneswastestedbycentralcompositedesign(CCD) under responsesurfacemethodology(RSM).Thedatastonecar- bonized adsorbentwaspreparedbyasimpleandfacilemethodat relativelylowtemperatureof250 °C during3h.Theadsorbenthad the mainfunctionalgroupsofO–H, –OH, Si–H, C¼O, N¼O, C–C, C– OR, C–H, andC–Br onitssurface.Attheoptimizedconditions obtained byRSM,about84.78%of fluoride ionwasremovedusing the adsorbent.TheLangmuirisothermwassuitableforcorrelation of equilibriumdata(maximumadsorptioncapacity¼ 3.95 mg/g). Overall,thedataofferafacileadsorbenttowaterandwastewater workswhichfacetohighlevelof fluoride water/wastewater content