WORK TOGETHER… WHEN APART CHALLENGES AND WHAT IS NEED FOR EFFECTIVE VIRTUAL TEAMS

Increasingly competitive global markets and accelerating technological changes have increased the need for people to contact via electronic medium to have daily updates, the people those who could not able to meet face to face every day. Those who contact via electronic medium i.e. Virtual Team, are having number of benefit but to achieve these potential benefits, however, leaders need to overcome liabilities inherent in the lack of direct contact among team members and managers. Team members may not naturally know how to interact effectively across space and time. By this paper author try to throw some lights on the challenges that virtual team faces and try to elaborate what is needed for Virtual Team

Travelling Wave Solutions on a Cylindrical Geometry

Fluid equations are generally quite difficult and computationally-expensive to solve. However, if one is primarily interested in how the surface of the fluid deforms, we can re-formulate the governing equations purely in terms of free surface variables. Reformulating equations in such a way drastically cuts down on computational cost, and may be useful in areas such as modelling blood flow. Here, we study one such free-boundary formulation on a cylindrical geometry

Some asymptotic properties of duplication graphs

Duplication graphs are graphs that grow by duplication of existing vertices, and are important models of biological networks, including protein-protein interaction networks and gene regulatory networks. Three models of graph growth are studied: pure duplication growth, and two two-parameter models in which duplication forms one element of the growth dynamics. A power-law degree distribution is found to emerge in all three models. However, the parameter space of the latter two models is characterized by a range of parameter values for which duplication is the predominant mechanism of graph growth. For parameter values that lie in this ``duplication-dominated'' regime, it is shown that the degree distribution either approaches zero asymptotically, or approaches a non-zero power-law degree distribution very slowly. In either case, the approach to the true asymptotic degree distribution is characterized by a dependence of the scaling exponent on properties of the initial degree distribution. It is therefore conjectured that duplication-dominated, scale-free networks may contain identifiable remnants of their early structure. This feature is inherited from the idealized model of pure duplication growth, for which the exact finite-size degree distribution is found and its asymptotic properties studied.Comment: 19 pages, including 3 figure

Successful thrombolysis of aortic prosthetic valve thrombosis during first trimester of pregnancy

Prosthetic heart valve thrombosis during pregnancy is life-threatening. Standard surgical treatment using cardiopulmonary bypass carries high maternal and fetal complications. Here we report a case of an antenatal female in first trimester with aortic prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT), who was successfully thrombolysed with streptokinase with no complication to mother or fetus. The aim was to justify the usefulness of thrombolysis as a treatment option for prosthetic valve thrombosis in antenatal patients. A 35-year-old female patient presented in the first trimester of pregnancy with PVT at aortic position. After due consent, thrombolysis was undertaken with streptokinase. During the hospital course, she was followed clinically and with echocardiography. She symptomatically improved with thrombolysis. Transthoracic echocardiography showed complete resolution of thrombus. Peak trans-aortic velocity improved from 5.5 m/s to 3.7 m/s. She delivered a normal baby uneventfully in follow up at full term of pregnancy with no complications. Fibrinolytic therapy for mechanical valve thrombosis is a reasonable alternative to surgery in first trimester of pregnancy.KEY WORDS: Prosthetic valve thrombosis; Echocardiography; Streptokinase; Thrombolysis; Fetu

Generation of human class I major histocompatibility complex activating factor in serum free medium and its partial characterization

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) activated with Con-A release a soluble factor which augments the expression of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by a variety of tumour cells. Previous attempts to purify this factor called MHC-activating factor (AF) (MHC-AF) made us realize that the presence of large numbers and quantities of irrelevant fetal calf serum proteins in the culture supernatants of the activated human PBMCs, interfered with the purification procedure. It was therefore necessary to standardize the use of a serum free culture medium to generate human MHC-AF. In the present communication we have tried several types of culture media and have identified DCCM-2 as the most suitable culture medium to generate human MHC-AF. MHC-AF generated in DCCM-2 medium appears to be a protein molecule resistant to pH 2 treatment but sensitive to heat treatment (56°C×45 min) and treatment with proteolytic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin

A Survey on Improved Hybrid Classification Methods in Data Mining

Data mining is powerful concept with great potential to predict future trends and behaviour. It refers to the extraction of hidden knowledge from large data set using various techniques. But as the amount of data generated is increasing exponentially, harnessing such voluminous data has become a major challenge. To address this problem there is proposed various improved classification methods into Data mining. All this methods use hybrid algorithm to improve classification in data mining. Here hybrid algorithm is nothing but logical combination of multiple pre-existing techniques to enhance performance and provide better results

Dendritic Oxide Growth on the Surface of Liquid Gallium

We have studied the oxidation of a liquid gallium surface with a high spatial resolution scanning ion microprobe. A 40 keV focused gallium ion beam, extracted from a liquid metal ion source, was employed, first, to sputter clean a 40 x 40 μm2 area on a drop of liquid gallium, in a ultra high vacuum (UHV) specimen chamber. It was then used to monitor the oxide growth by secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging microanalysis while the chamber was gradually back-filled with oxygen. In the initial stages, gallium oxide grew in a dendritic pattern from the edge of the cleaned area where oxide preexisted. Gradually the oxide layer grew in thickness and covered the entire area leaving only small islands and channels uncovered. Computer simulations based on aggregation of two dimensional random walkers (or diffusion limited aggregation) show similar dendritic patterns in the initial stages of growth. The similarity is also reflected by their comparable fractal dimensions. For the final stages, qualitative discrepancies between the experimental and simulated patterns are discernible

Vibrational dynamics of fullerene molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces studied with synchrotron infrared radiation

Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of chemisorbed C60 on Ag (111), Au (110) and Cu (100) reveals that a non-IR-active mode becomes active upon adsorption, and that its frequency shifts proportionally with the charge transferred from the metal to the molecule by about 5 cm−1 per electron. The temperature dependence of the frequency and the width of this IR feature have also been followed for C60/Cu (100) and were found to agree well with a weak anharmonic coupling (dephasing) to a low-frequency mode, which we suggest to be the frustrated translational mode of the adsorbed molecules. Additionally, the adsorption is accompanied by a broad-band reflectance change, which is interpreted as due to the scattering of conduction electrons of the metal surface by the adsorbate. The reflectance change allows determination of the friction coefficient of the C60 molecules, which results in rather small values (∼2×10^9 s−1 for Ag and Au, and ∼1.6×10^9 s−1 for Cu), consistent with a marked metallic character of the adsorbed molecules. Pre-dosing of alkali atoms onto the metal substrates drastically changes the IR spectra recorded during subsequent C60 deposition: anti-absorption bands, as well as an increase of the broadband reflectance, occur and are interpreted as due to strong electron–phonon coupling with induced surface states.