8,968 research outputs found
Minimal Uncertainty in Momentum: The Effects of IR Gravity on Quantum Mechanics
The effects of the IR aspects of gravity on quantum mechanics is
investigated. At large distances where due to gravity the space-time is curved,
there appears nonzero minimal uncertainty in the momentum of a
quantum mechanical particle. We apply the minimal uncertainty momentum to some
quantum mechanical interferometry examples and show that the phase shift
depends on the area surrounded by the path of the test particle . We also put
some limits on the related parameters. This prediction may be tested through
future experiments. The assumption of minimal uncertainty in momentum can also
explain the anomalous excess of the mass of the Cooper pair in a rotating thin
superconductor ring.Comment: 8 pages, revised version accepted by PR
Quantal interferometry with dissipative internal motion
In presence of dissipation, quantal states may acquire complex-valued phase
effects. We suggest a notion of dissipative interferometry that accommodates
this complex-valued structure and that may serve as a tool for analyzing the
effect of certain kinds of external influences on quantal interference. The
concept of mixed-state phase and concomitant gauge invariance is extended to
dissipative internal motion. The resulting complex-valued mixed-state
interference effects lead to well-known results in the unitary limit and in the
case of dissipative motion of pure quantal states. Dissipative interferometry
is applied to fault-tolerant geometric quantum computation.Comment: Slight revision, journal reference adde
Comment on "Neutron Interferometric Observation of Noncyclic Phase"
A critique of a recent experiment [Wagh et.al., Phys.Rev.Lett.81, 1992 (7 Sep
1998)] to measure the noncyclic phase associated with a precessing neutron spin
in a neutron interferometer, as given by the Pancharatnam criterion, is
presented. It is pointed out that since the experiment measures, not the
noncyclic phase itself, but a quantity derived from it, it misses the most
interesting feature of such a phase, namely the different sign associated with
states lying in the upper and the lower hemispheres, a feature originating in
the existence of a phase singularity. Such effects have earlier been predicted
and seen in optical interference experiments using polarization of light as the
spinor [Bhandari, Phys.Rep.281, 1 (Mar 1997)].Comment: 5 pages, 0 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.Let
Geometric Phase in Entangled Systems: A Single-Neutron Interferometer Experiment
The influence of the geometric phase on a Bell measurement, as proposed by
Bertlmann et al. in [Phys. Rev. A 69, 032112 (2004)], and expressed by the
Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, has been observed for a spin-path
entangled neutron state in an interferometric setup. It is experimentally
demonstrated that the effect of geometric phase can be balanced by a change in
Bell angles. The geometric phase is acquired during a time dependent
interaction with two radio-frequency (rf) fields. Two schemes, polar and
azimuthal adjustment of the Bell angles, are realized and analyzed in detail.
The former scheme, yields a sinusoidal oscillation of the correlation function
S, dependent on the geometric phase, such that it varies in the range between 2
and 2\sqrt{2} and, therefore, always exceeds the boundary value 2 between
quantum mechanic and noncontextual theories. The latter scheme results in a
constant, maximal violation of the Bell-like-CHSH inequality, where S remains
2\sqrt2 for all settings of the geometric phase.Comment: 10 pages 9 figure
The Quartic Higgs Coupling at Hadron Colliders
The quartic Higgs self-coupling is the final measurement in the Higgs
potential needed to fully understand electroweak symmetry breaking. None of the
present or future colliders are known to be able to determine this parameter.
We study the chances of measuring the quartic self-coupling at hadron colliders
in general and at the VLHC in particular. We find the prospects challenging.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
The Lax pairs for the Holt system
By using non-canonical transformation between the Holt system and the
Henon-Heiles system the Lax pairs for all the integrable cases of the Holt
system are constructed from the known Lax representations for the Henon-Heiles
system.Comment: 7 pages, LaTeX2e, a4.st
Pseudo-High-Order Symplectic Integrators
Symplectic N-body integrators are widely used to study problems in celestial
mechanics. The most popular algorithms are of 2nd and 4th order, requiring 2
and 6 substeps per timestep, respectively. The number of substeps increases
rapidly with order in timestep, rendering higher-order methods impractical.
However, symplectic integrators are often applied to systems in which
perturbations between bodies are a small factor of the force due to a dominant
central mass. In this case, it is possible to create optimized symplectic
algorithms that require fewer substeps per timestep. This is achieved by only
considering error terms of order epsilon, and neglecting those of order
epsilon^2, epsilon^3 etc. Here we devise symplectic algorithms with 4 and 6
substeps per step which effectively behave as 4th and 6th-order integrators
when epsilon is small. These algorithms are more efficient than the usual 2nd
and 4th-order methods when applied to planetary systems.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical
Journa
New Aspects of Geometric Phases in Experiments with polarized Neutrons
Geometric phase phenomena in single neutrons have been observed in
polarimeter and interferometer experiments. Interacting with static and time
dependent magnetic fields, the state vectors acquire a geometric phase tied to
the evolution within spin subspace. In a polarimeter experiment the
non-additivity of quantum phases for mixed spin input states is observed. In a
Si perfect-crystal interferometer experiment appearance of geometric phases,
induced by interaction with an oscillating magnetic field, is verified. The
total system is characterized by an entangled state, consisting of neutron and
radiation fields, governed by a Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian. In addition, the
influence of the geometric phase on a Bell measurement, expressed by the
Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) inequality, is studied. It is demonstrated
that the effect of geometric phase can be balanced by an appropriate change of
Bell angles.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
On the influence of resonance photon scattering on atom interference
Here, the influence of resonance photon-atom scattering on the atom
interference pattern at the exit of a three-grating Mach-Zehnder interferometer
is studied. It is assumed that the scattering process does not destroy the
atomic wave function describing the state of the atom before the scattering
process takes place, but only induces a certain shift and change of its phase.
We find that the visibility of the interference strongly depends on the
statistical distribution of transferred momenta to the atom during the
photon-atom scattering event. This also explains the experimentally observed
(Chapman et al 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 2783) dependence of the visibility on
the ratio d_p/\lambda_i = y'_{12} (2\pi/kd\lambda_i), where y'_{12} is distance
between the place where the scattering event occurs and the first grating, k is
the wave number of the atomic center-of-mass motion, is the grating
constant and \lambda_i is the photon wavelength. Furthermore, it is remarkable
that photon-atom scattering events happen experimentally within the Fresnel
region, i.e. the near field region, associated with the first grating, which
should be taken into account when drawing conclusions about the relevance of
"which-way" information for the interference visibility.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figur
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