APLIKASI ANALISIS KIMIA KUANTITATIF UNTUK PEMANTAUAN KADAR OBAT (THEURAPETIC DRUGS MONITORING)

Theurapetic drugs monitoring (TDM) is used to adjust individual drug therapy. TDM purpose is to maximize the therapeutic effect and reduce the side or toxic effects of the drug. In general, TDM includes sample preparation, conducting drug analysis and interpreting the concentration of the drug. The development of analytical techniques resulted in the determination of pharmacokinetic characters by measuring drug concentrations in the blood more easily. Drug analysis can be done by spectrophotometric, chromatographic or immunoassay methods. Immunoassay could provide fast results and easy to use, but this method cannot distinguish between drugs that have similar structures. In addition, immunoassays are not available for all drugs monitored in clinical laboratories, so chromatographic methods such as GC, HPLC, GC/MS, and HPLC / MS can still be applied to TDM

Gambaran tingkat pengetahuan swamedikasi obat diare pada warga Desa Hidirasa Kecamatan Wera Kabupaten Bima

Diarrhea is a health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Mild diarrhea is a disease that can be treated with self-medication out by the people of Hidirasa Village because of the limitations of health service centers and places to buy medicines which are still lacking and quite far away. The limited knowledge of the community is one of the sources of errors in treatment. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the level of knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea medicine in the residents of Hidirasa Village, Wera District, Bima Regency. This research is a descriptive observational study using a cross sectional research design with a cluster sampling technique of 100 respondents. Data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The instrument used was tested for validity and reliability. From the 25 statement items, it was declared valid because the r-count value was >0.3 and the reliability test results obtained the Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.888. In the analysis of the level of knowledge of the community is done using Microsoft Excel and categorized into good, sufficient, and less. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea drugs in the Hidirasa village community is in the good category of 36%, 62% have sufficient knowledge, and 2% have less knowledge

Evaluasi kesesuaian peresepan obat terhadap formularium nasional di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sumbawa tahun 2021

Hospitals should follow the National Formulary when prescribing medications. In accordance with the National Formulary, the percentage of drug prescriptions in a hospital must be at least 80%, according to the health service quality indicator standard number 30 of 2022 about hospital prescriptions. One of West Nusa Tenggara Province's class C hospitals, the Sumbawa Regional General Hospital treats patients with National Health Insurance (NHI), whose population is steadily growing. The purpose of this study is to assess the Sumbawa Regional General Hospital's suitability to prescribe medications in 2021 in accordance with the National Formulary. Retrospective data gathering is used in the observational research design. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the research sample consisted of all prescription sheets for both inpatients and outpatients at the Sumbawa Hospital from January to December 2021. Prescription forms, drug content, dosage strengths, and dosing forms are all indicators of eligibility for prescribing. By comparing the number of prescriptions for drugs written according to the National Formulary with the total number of prescriptions, the suitability percentage was computed. The National Formulary states that 87.65% of medication items are suitable for prescription. According to the National Formulary, 87.65% of medicine items were suitable, and 66.2% of prescription sheets were as well. The Sumbawa Hospital's prescriptions are not 100% in accordance with the National Formulary, yet based on drug items have exceeded the standard indicators of drug prescriptions on hospital (more than 80%)

Pemanfaatan Sampah Sebagai Bahan Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos Organik untuk Menjaga Kelestarian Tumbuh-Tumbuhan di Desa Nyiur Tebel

Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki jumlah penduduk terbesar kelima dunia. Jumlah penduduk yang besar tentu membutuhkan keperluan bahan makanan yang cukup besar pula. Bahan makanan yang diolah tentu tidak semuanya terpkai, ada bagian-bagian tertentu yang tidak diperlukan dan harus dibuang. Tidak hanya itu, makanan yang sudah diolah dan siap saji pun tidak semuanya terkonsumsi, melainkan terdapat sisa-sisa  terbuang. Baik sisa olahan maupun sisa makanan hasil olahan yang tidak terkonsumsi semuanya menjadi limbah rumah tangga. Limbah rumah tangga inilah yang menghasilkan sampah. Sampah yang tidak diolah dengan baik akan memberikan dampak buruk pada lingkungan dan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat akan pentingnya menjaga kelestarian alam. Tidak hanya itu masyarakat juga perlu mengetahui cara mengelola sampah dengan baik dan benar terutama sampah yang dapat didaur ulang yang berguna agar menjaga kelestarian lingkungan. Setiap penduduk di Indonesia diharapkan memiliki kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga kebersihan dan pengolahan sampah yang baik. Sampah yang dapat didaur ulang dan diolah menjadi pupuk dapat memberikan manfaat kepada tumbuhan. Karena semua makhluk hidup membutuhkan tumbuhan

Evaluasi pola penggunaan obat dispepsia berdasarkan indikator WHO (World Health Organization) pada pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Karang Taliwang tahun 2019

Dyspepsia is a collection of several clinical symptoms consisting of pain in the pit of the stomach, flatulence, early satiety, nausea, and vomiting. The incidence of dyspepsia at the Karang Taliwang Public Health Center until 2019 was quite high. Evaluation of drug use at the Puskesmas has never been carried out, so it is necessary to know the pattern of use of dyspepsia drugs at the Karang Taliwang Public Health Center. This review aimed to determine the pattern of dyspepsia drug use in outpatient dyspepsia at Karang Taliwang Public Health Center using prescribing indicators developed by the World Health Organization. This study is a descriptive study of retrospective drug use. Sampling using a consecutive sampling method. Prescription data and medical records were collected through observation sheets. The results of the study on drug use patterns were the average number of drug items per sheet of 2.55 prescription; the percentage of drugs prescribed with generic names was 99,37%; the percentage of prescription drugs with antibiotics was 1.61%; the percentage of prescription drugs with injection preparations was 0%; and the percentage of drugs prescribed according to the Formularium was 96.84%

Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen kuesioner gambaran penggunaan obat nyeri haid secara mandiri pada mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Mataram

Self-medication often becomes a choice for various complaints, one of which is menstrual pain. Regarding the description of the use of menstrual pain medication independently, it is still limited. The use of a questionnaire as a research instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability is very necessary. Therefore, this study aims to develop and test the validity and reliability of the description of the independent use of menstrual pain medication in female students. This research is a descriptive survey type with a cross-sectional design. The validity test was carried out using a qualitative and quantitative professional assessment method, namely by using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). An advance validity test was conducted by 5 experts and 40 respondents. The reliability test was carried out with 40 respondents and used the Chronbach Alpha value. The results of the validity test obtained 28 questions with a CVR value of 1. Facial validity was declared valid after one repair. The reliability of the test obtained Cronbach's Alpha coefficient value of 0.934. Based on the validity and reliability test of the questionnaire, it was declared valid and reliable so that all questions could be used as an instrument to find out the description of the use of menstrual pain medication independently

GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MAHASISWA/I FAKULTAS TARBIYAH DAN KEGURUAN UIN MATARAM TENTANG ANEMIA

Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi di Indonesia karena pola pikir dan kebiasaan masyarakat yang mengikuti trend modern. Ketidakseimbangan nutrisi dan kurangnya pengetahuan terkait anemia dapat menjadi faktor penyebab peningkatan risiko kejadian anemia di kalangan remaja akhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa/i Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Mataram tentang anemia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 hingga Maret 2023 di Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Mataram. Populasi pada penelitian ini terdiri dari seluruh mahasiswa/i aktif Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Mataram yang berjumlah 5595 orang. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 110 mahasiswa/i yang diambil dengan teknik Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibuat melalui Google forms dan disebarkan secara online. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan diferensial dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel dan software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa/i Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Mataram memiliki tingkat pengetahuan rendah (0,91%), sedang (60,91%), dan tinggi (38,18%) tentang anemia. Setelah diuji secara statistik, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan responden berdasarkan jenis kelamin, usia, dan program studi dengan p-value masing-masing sebesar 0,317; 0,433; dan 0,437. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa/i Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Mataram dominan memiliki tingkat pengetahuan sedang tentang anemia (60,91%)

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in A Private Islamic Boarding School, West Nusa Tenggara

The COVID-19 vaccination program began in Indonesia in 2020, but it is still unknown how well it has been received by particular communities in places like the West Nusa Tenggara region's Islamic boarding schools. This research aimed to identify the characteristics and factors that contribute to the COVID-19 vaccine's acceptance at the Nurul Islam Sekarbela Islamic Boarding School. In August 2022, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on a stratified random sample of chosen boarding school students using a validated questionnaire. Data on demographic factors, COVID-19 history, religious acceptance, and opinions were all examined descriptively. A total of 124 students, or 62%, gave their informed permission. Based on the findings, it was determined that the Nurul Islam Sekarbela Islamic Boarding School's level of acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is still considered low (35%) and in doubt (65%). Acceptance of vaccines is mostly influenced by efficacy, safety, and family recommendations. Acceptance of vaccines is impeded by the dominant fatalistic religious mindset

Interaksi Obat Antara Klopidogrel dan Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)

Abstrak: Pemberian Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) dapat menurunkan terjadinya kejadian perdarahan gastrointestinal berulang pada pasien yang mendapatkan dual therapy antiplatelet yaitu klopidogrel dan aspirin. Klopidogrel diaktivasi melalui proses metabolisme oleh enzim CYP2C19 sedangkan obat golongan PPI dimetabolisme dan menghambat enzim CYP2C19. Studi farmakodinamik menunjukkan adanya efek PPI terutama omeprazole terhadap metabolisme klopidogrel yang dapat mengakibatkan penurunan efek dari inhibisi platelet. Beberapa studi klinik mendapatkan bahwa tidak terdapat kejadian yang dapat menyebabkan permasalahan pada jantung (cardiovascular event) jika kedua obat diberikan secara bersamaan. Kemaknaan klinis dari interaksi obat dari klopidogrel dan PPI belum diketahui secara jelas sehingga untuk keamanan direkomendasikan untuk membatasi penggunaan PPI terutama omeprazole. Pilihan lain adalah dengan mengganti PPI dengan H2 blocker ataupun menggunakan golongan PPI yang tidak banyak dimetabolisme oleh enzim CYP2C19 seperti pantoprazole

Pola peresepan antibiotik pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih di instalasi rawat jalan RSUD Provinsi NTB tahun 2017

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection due to the proliferation of microorganisms in the urinary tract. UTI is usually occur in the community at various ages. In 2014, Indonesian Ministry of Health showed that the number of people with UTIs reached 90-100 cases per 100,000 population per year. Antibiotics are the main therapy used in treating urinary tract infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic prescribing in UTI patients and determine the suitability of therapy with guidelines for UTI at the Installation of NTB Provincial Hospital in 2017. The design of this study was descriptive by collecting data retrospectively. The study was conducted on 105 UTI patients at the Installation Hospital of NTB Province in 2017, then the data obtained from the medical record and prescription sections were processed using Microsoft Excel software. The results showed that therapy for UTI patients was antibiotics with the most use of ciprofloxacin (45.71%), then cefixime (40%), urinter (pipemidic acid) (11.43%), levofloxacin (1.90%), cefadroxil (0.95 %). Based on these results, the suitability of prescription was seen from the type of drug and the dosage in the main therapy (antibiotics) was 100% according to the treatment guidelines, but the frequency and duration of administration only reached 99.05% and 88.6%