A dissolution rate study in hydrofluoric acid of titanium and the alpha solid solutions of oxygen in titanium

The dissolution mechanism of titanium in hydrofluoric acid was studied by collecting the hydrogen evolved during the dissolution reaction. A concentration range of 0.05 N to 0.50 N and a temperature range of 15°C to 45°C were employed for the determination. Values of the reaction order and energy of activation were determined for both pure titanium and the alpha solid solutions of oxygen in titanium and found to be the same within experimental limits. This indicated that the reaction giving rise to hydrogen evolution on the surfaces of both pure titanium and the TiOx alloys was the same. The order of the reaction was approximately (3/4) and the activation energy was 6.9± 0.7 kcal/mole. These measurements were shown to be indicative of a diffusionally controlled process. The reaction involved the penetration and attack or removal of a sub-oxide layer with subsequent mass transfer of HFun to the surface and direct chemical attack. Difference effect measurements made on some TiOx alloys indicated that an electrochemical reaction was also occurring on the surface. The large value of the difference effect constant, 9.5, indicated that a secondary process was affecting the surface of the TiOx alloys so as to render them more than 100% polarizable as predicted by an equation published in previous literature. The reaction mechanism proposed from this study was the penetration and/or removal of a sub-oxide film on the surface of the titanium with subsequent direct chemical attack. Diffusionally controlled chemical and electrochemical dissolution processes were thought to be occurring simultaneously on the surface --Introduction, pages ii-iii

An Exploration of Emotional Intelligence in Victim-Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence

Despite decades of preventive education and services for intimate partner violence, such violence continues. Studies have shown mixed evidence regarding the effectiveness of current treatment options and prevention remains paramount. If victims seek therapy, the focus is typically on a single diagnosis, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder, rather than cause-and-effect. Emotional intelligence in abusers of intimate partner violence has been tested and studied. There is literature on victims, but they are rare, regional, and examined only female participants resulting in conflicting findings. There is a gap in research in the review of the nuances of emotional intelligence in participants of both genders. The present quantitative study explored the branches of emotional intelligence differences in intimate partner violence victim-survivor participants (N = 180) using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test. The 4 branches explored were perception, use, understanding, and management of emotions. Using linear regressions, any differences in emotional intelligence in partner violence victim-survivors were compared to the normative population by gender, length of time a victim was abused, and the types of abuses experienced. Both genders resulted in finding lower levels of the understanding branch when compared to the normative population. Male levels were higher in use, perception, and understanding than females. The length of time in an abusive relationship and types of abuse experienced showed no significance. Testing victim-survivors\u27 emotional intelligence levels could effect social change with personal data focusing on enhancing skills in introspection, healthier emotional responses, and help to dissuade a victim from returning to their abusive relationship

Visualizing female agency : space and gender in contemporary women\u27s art in Mexico.

This dissertation outlines a theoretical model for contextualizing contemporary women\u27s art practice in Mexico within the profound socioeconomic and political events that have taken place since 1968, characterized by the steady breakdown and eventual turnover of the Mexican state. Following the spatial theories outlined by Henry Lefebvre in The Production of Space, this study adopts the logic that social spaces are a direct production of the societies that inhabit them, as well as the social relations, ideologies, and notions of power that are espoused therein. Focusing on the artists Paula Santiago, the collective Polvo de Gallina Negra, Daniela Rossell, Minerva Cuevas, and Teresa Margolles, I identify within their works the visualization of three critical spaces of intervention: the female body, the familial home, and the streets as a site of protest. Organized according to a framework that emphasizes spatial politics, I argue that such works constitute a feminist production of space that challenges the social relations, hierarchies of power, and gender roles that have been embodied by traditional spaces of femininity. The artists\u27 respective performances, photography, installations, and sculptures are analyzed according to how they confront traditional definitions of femininity and gender norms that limit and confine women\u27s accessibility to and social mobility within the spaces of everyday life in Mexico. Strategically engaging with the concepts and effects of the traditional private/public dichotomy as it has been deployed in Mexican national rhetoric, the artists reveal such binary thinking to be false, socially-contrived, and politically motivated. In doing so, they critique the very processes through which gender is constructed and offer new ways to think about womanhood outside of traditional archetypal frameworks. Underscoring the role that bodily action plays in the production of space and transformation of society, these artists are identified as producers of the spaces of feminism, a designation that foregrounds contemporary women\u27s social and political interventions, which continue to formulate the new realities of Mexican life, post-1968. These contemporary women artists speak to a feminist presence in the visual arts that has helped contribute to the growth of a critical civil society, a contribution that has been largely absent from the discourse on contemporary art history in Mexico. What is ultimately revealed is a new understanding of the Mexican nation, borne out through the works of contemporary feminist art and viewed through the lens of female agency. The artists included in this dissertation take advantage of the interactive framework of the production of space as they actively engage contemporary concepts of womanhood and national identity, wherein women are admitted into the national fabric as social agents negotiating new spaces for what it means to be a Mexican feminist

Role of Cross-Brain Connectivity in Emotion Regulation Within the Parent-Adolescent Dyad

Emotion regulation is influential in adolescent mental health outcomes. Specifically, poor emotion regulation skills and strategies have been shown to be related to increased rates of depression and anxiety. Parenting plays a large role in children's development of effective emotion regulation skills and strategies. Daily interactions between parents and adolescents influence the development of emotion regulation; however, little is known regarding the neural mechanisms that underlie these interactions. Using fMRI hyperscanning, the current study examined the role of cross-brain connectivity in emotion processing regions of parents' and adolescents' brains. Results indicate increased cross-brain connectivity in emotion processing regions is associated with more positive parent-adolescent interactions, greater adolescent-perceived supportive parenting, and fewer adolescent emotion regulation difficulties and depressive symptoms

Hyperbolic/parabolic development for the GIM-STAR code

Flow fields in supersonic inlet configurations were computed using the eliptic GIM code on the STAR computer. Spillage flow under the lower cowl was calculated to be 33% of the incoming stream. The shock/boundary layer interaction on the upper propulsive surface was computed including separation. All shocks produced by the flow system were captured. Linearized block implicit (LBI) schemes were examined to determine their application to the GIM code. Pure explicit methods have stability limitations and fully implicit schemes are inherently inefficient; however, LBI schemes show promise as an effective compromise. A quasiparabolic version of the GIM code was developed using elastical parabolized Navier-Stokes methods combined with quasitime relaxation. This scheme is referred to as quasiparabolic although it applies equally well to hyperbolic supersonic inviscid flows. Second order windward differences are used in the marching coordinate and either explicit or linear block implicit time relaxation can be incorporated

Analysis of heating rates and forces on bodies subject to rocket exhaust plume impingement

Computer programs and engineering methods for calculating heating rates and forces in jet plume impingement problem