Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Lawn Ecosystem with Contrasting Soil Profiles

Land-use change is among the main factors contributing to climate change. Urbanization is a land-use change pathway, conjugate with a rapid growth of urban territory and irreversible change of soil features and functioning. Greenhouse gases’ emissions (primarily CO2 emission) and carbon sequestration are among important soil functions. Ecological risks of increased CO2 emissions in urban soils are determined by different factors of anthropogenic impact. This paper aims to analyze the impact of different soil constructions on CO2 emissions from urban lawns. The research plot is situated in northern Administrative district of Moscow (NAD) and included urban soil constructions with organic layers of different genesis (turf, sand-turf mixtures and soils-sand mixtures) and of different depth (5, 10 and 20 cm). As a result an average CO2 emission from turf (20 cm dept of organic layer) was 22 g/m2 day, whereas the sand-turf mixture (10 cm of the organic layer) emitted 16.15 and peat soil (5 cm of organic layer) - 19.23 g/m2 day respectively. Therefore, was observed dependence of CO2 emissions on genesis and depth of soil organic layers. Also was revealed dependence of CO2 emissions on climate conditions for nine-months of observations

Linked randomised controlled trials of face-to-face and electronic brief intervention methods to prevent alcohol related harm in young people aged 14–17 years presenting to Emergency Departments (SIPS junior)

Background: Alcohol is a major global threat to public health. Although the main burden of chronic alcohol-related disease is in adults, its foundations often lie in adolescence. Alcohol consumption and related harm increase steeply from the age of 12 until 20 years. Several trials focusing upon young people have reported significant positive effects of brief interventions on a range of alcohol consumption outcomes. A recent review of reviews also suggests that electronic brief interventions (eBIs) using internet and smartphone technologies may markedly reduce alcohol consumption compared with minimal or no intervention controls. Interventions that target non-drinking youth are known to delay the onset of drinking behaviours. Web based alcohol interventions for adolescents also demonstrate significantly greater reductions in consumption and harm among ‘high-risk’ drinkers; however changes in risk status at follow-up for non-drinkers or low-risk drinkers have not been assessed in controlled trials of brief alcohol interventions

17. C. Potts, ‘‘.Supporting Software Design: Integrating Design Methods, and Design

ments analysis. We chose a commercial document processor for our case study over a proto-type tool that we had developed ourselves [1]. That tool, which was based on Emacs, was not very usable. To follow an inquiry-based approach, we believe that the user needs to have ac-cess to an effortless annotation environment. We are currently reimplementing and enhanc-ing the functionality of our Inquiry Cycle support tool in HyperCard and MetaCard. This ver-sion, Suiko, will provide a more transparent annotation environment. We are comparing re-trieval or browsing strategies with a ‘bird’s-eye ’ (network) view versus a ‘turtle ’ (node-based) view [17] of the requirements documentation and discussions. Suiko also supports agenda management and progress tracking. (b) Scenario types. We are investigating the representation and value of different types of scenarios. We are also investigating goal-based heuristics that suggest what scenarios to an-alyze and which of those to elaborate further. (c) Transition to design. Following work in the OOA/OOD communities [2, 6], we are look

Therapeutic Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest General Guideline I. Associated Guidelines and Appendices 1. Neurological Prognosis after Cardiac Arrest 2. Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Algorithm 3. Effect of Hypothermia on Medications

VF cardiac arrest Ischemic brain damage commonly occurs in patients post cardiac arrest. Studies have shown that lowering brain temperature even by a few degrees decreases ischemic damage. In studies of out of hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation (VF), induced hypothermia improves neurological outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that targeted temperature management of 36°C may provide equivalent benefit to mild hypothermia. See the Normothermia for Neuroprotection guideline for further details, if targeted temperature management is preferred. (Class I recommendation, Level of Evidence B) Non-VF cardiac arrest Several retrospective studies with historical controls report a beneficial effect of hypothermia in non-VF arrest. One study showed potential benefit of both in- and out-of-hospital arrest. In the absence of conclusive data, patients with non-VF cardiac arrest should be considered eligible for therapeutic hypothermia or targeted temperature management of 36°C (Class IIb recommendation, Level of Evidence B). Concurrent ACS treatmen