The Principles And Rationale For Determining The Creamy Layer For The Other Backward Classes In India

The exemption of the creamy layer from quota benefits is a constitutional obligation that must be adhered to by the government. “The Mandal Committee was founded by former Prime Minister Morarji Desai’s administration with the remit to “recognize the socially or educationally disadvantaged.” It was chaired by legislator Bindheshwari Prasad Mandal and was charged with examining the issue of seat reservations and quotas for people to remedy caste prejudice. The commission's report affirmed the affirmative action practice established under Indian law, under which members of lower castes (referred to as “Other Backward Classes” and “Scheduled Castes and Tribes”) were granted preferential access to a certain percentage of public service jobs and admission to state colleges, and suggested raising these quotas by twenty seven to forty nine point five percent, but leaving the creamy layer out of the review of reservations would be contradictory to deny the legitimacy of the “creamy layer” concept in other domains of application after its validity has been established in the provision of the constitution as well as many judicial decisions. As a result, putting the appeal of this principle to the test becomes crucial

Deep neural network for prediction and control of permeability decline in single pass tangential flow ultrafiltration in continuous processing of monoclonal antibodies

Single-pass tangential flow filtration (SPTFF) is a crucial technology enabling the continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). By significantly increasing the membrane area utilized in the process, SPTFF allows the mAb process stream to be concentrated up to the desired final target in a single pass across the membrane surface without the need for recirculation. However, a key challenge in SPTFF is compensating for flux decline across the membrane due to concentration polarization and surface fouling phenomena. In continuous downstream processing, flux decline immediately impacts the continuous process flowrates. It reduces the concentration factor achievable in a single pass, thereby reducing the final concentration attained at the outlet of the SPTFF module. In this work, we develop a deep neural network model to predict the NWP in real-time without the need to conduct actual NWP measurements. The developed model incorporates process parameters such as pressure and feed concentrations through inline sensors and a spectroscopy-coupled data model (NIR-PLS model). The model determines the optimal timing for membrane cleaning steps when the normalized water permeability (NWP) falls below 60%. Using SCADA and PLC, a distributed control system was developed to integrate the monitoring sensors and control elements, such as the NIRS sensor for concentration monitoring, the DNN model for NWP prediction, weighing balances, pressure sensors, pumps, and valves. The model was tested in real-time, and the NWP was predicted within <5% error in three independent test cases, successfully enabling control of the SPTFF step in line with the Quality by Design paradigm

BUERGER’S DISEASE –TREATMENT WITH AYURVEDA: CASE STUDY

Smoking is injurious to health. But those who are addicted to smoking never take this statement seriously. Nicotine present in tobacco causes vasospasm and inflammatory endarteritis. It is a prothombotic stage and subsequently causes vaso-occlusion. This usually affects lower limbs especially small and medium sized arteries. Disease progression is closely associated with heavy and continuous ingestion or inhalation of tobacco. Incidence of Burger’s disease is more common in men. It is very rare in females. Conservative treatments prescribed for this disease in initial phase were vasodilators, pentoxyphylline, low dose of aspirin, platelet aggregation inhibitor drugs. Surgical intervention involves chemical sympathectomy, lumbar sympathectomy and amputation of the gangrenous part. In Ayurveda Buerger’s disease is not mentioned. But with the symptoms and the pathology correlation to three Doshas it is possible to treat the disease. Here is a case study of male patient aged 32 years came with complaints of non healing ulcer which was created after amputation of all toes including great toes of right foot 6 months back. He was a chronic chain smoker and was diagnosed Buerger’s disease. He was given leech therapy once in 7 days along with oral Ayurvedic drugs and local application on wound

Real-time model-based control of single pass tangential flow filtration for production of monoclonal antibodies

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Nutritional & Nutraceutical Potential of Millets - A Mighty Cereal

Millets: Tiny Grains, Mighty Nutrition, Millets, the ancient grains often overshadowed by their larger cereal counterparts, are experiencing a resurgence in the world of nutrition and health. This chapter explores the captivating nutritional and nutraceutical potential of millets, unearthing their secrets and showcasing their significance in modern diets. Millets are nutrition powerhouses, offering a balanced blend of macronutrients, abundant dietary fiber, and a wealth of vitamins and minerals. Their exceptional health benefits encompass weight management, glycemic control, and heart health. Moreover, the antioxidant-rich millets contribute to disease prevention and well-being. Remarkably, millets serve as gluten-free champions, providing safe alternatives for individuals with celiac disease and gluten sensitivities. They extend their prowess beyond nutrition, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, opening doors to potential nutraceutical applications. This chapter delves into culinary creativity, offering enticing millet-based recipes to make their inclusion in everyday meals a delightful reality. Additionally, it sheds light on the agricultural sustainability of millets, emphasizing their role in preserving biodiversity and their adaptability to a changing climate. While celebrating the wonders of millets, challenges and opportunities in research, promotion, and policy advocacy are also addressed. Millets, these mighty yet modest grains, beckon us to embrace their nutritional treasures, promoting health and sustainability for a brighter future

Speech evaluation in children with missing anterior teeth and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed functional space maintainer

Introduction: Speech and language development in children is a dynamic process. Development of vocal sound into meaningful speech was one of the major discoveries which have made the human beings to reach the pinnacle of the animal kingdom. The ability to speak is determined by the flow of air into the mouth which affects pronunciation of various words and phrases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate speech changes before and after prosthetic rehabilitation with fixed functional space maintainer in children with missing maxillary anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 25 children in the age range of 3–6 years having at least two maxillary anterior teeth indicated for extraction or had already got extracted. Speech therapist evaluated articulation of [v], [ph], [n], [d], [dh], [th], [t], [s.],[s], and [l] speech sounds of patients preoperatively (T0), postoperatively after the appliance insertion (T1), and postoperatively after 7 days (T2) using Weiss Comprehensive Articulation Test. The data obtained were analyzed using Chi-square and Mcnemar's test. Results: There was statistically significant (P < 0.05) correction in [v], [ph], [d], [dh], [th], [t], [s.], and [s] speech sounds immediately after prosthetic rehabilitation (T1). While, the assessment of speech sounds after 7 days of appliance insertion (T2) showed statistically nonsignificant differences. Conclusions: The results suggested that treatment of a patient with missing anterior teeth should not be restricted to esthetic and functional oral rehabilitation, but also comprehend with the speech, as premature loss of the primary maxillary incisor appears to have long-term effect on the speech development

Effect of Emblica officinalis (Gaertn) on lens regeneration in the frog, Rana cyanophlyctis (Schneider)

157-162Emblica officinalis (Amla) accelerated cell proliferation and dedifferentiation of pigmented epithelial cells of dorsal iris and consequently induced lens regeneration in R.cyanophlyctis. Further it enhanced the percentage of lens regeneration not only in young tadpoles but also is adult frogs. Lens regeneration ability declined with the age of animals in both control as well as treated groups

Evan’s Syndrome Hemolytic Anemia with Thrombocytopenia in a Labrador Dog: A Case Report

A seven-year-old Labrador retriever intact male dog was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatanagar with a history of inappetance, melena, and petechial hemorrhages on the ventral abdomen and treated by a local veterinarian for a prolonged period of time. Clinical examination showed pale mucous membranes, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and mild hepatomegaly. A Complete blood count revealed anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia and serum biochemistry showed hypoalbuminemia and hypoproteinemia. The dog was suspected of having a haemoprotozoan infection, and a thin peripheral blood smear was submitted to the Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatanagar, Bareilly, for examination. A blood smear was screened for haemoprotozoan examination using Giemsa’s stain, which showed positivity for Babesia vogeli. An abdominal ultrasound confirmed hepatic enlargement. The blood clotting profile reveals an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time. The dog's blood sample tested negative for Babesia vogeli, B. gibsoni, E. canis, and H. canis by multiplex PCR; this could be because of prior initiation of antibiotics. A periheral blood smear showed elevated spherocytes count and saline agglutination test was positive. Based on history, clinical examinations, laboratory findings and cytological examinations the case was tentatively diagnosed as chronic case of tick fever with concomitant Evans syndrome. A blood transfusion was performed and around 300 ml of whole blood was infused. Treatment was initiated with triple antibiotic therapy and an immunosuppressive dose of steroids, but after 4 weeks, the dog succumbed to the condition. Further research is required to optimize treatment regimens for dogs with Evan's syndrome, as the prognosis is uncertain

Ehrlichia canis Infection in a Labrador Retriever Dog: A Case Report

A six-year-old Labrador retriever dog with a history of fever, inappetence, and unilateral epistaxis was presented to the Referral Veterinary Clinical Complex, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar. Clinical examination revealed the dog had pyrexia, an enlarged peripheral lymph node, and the presence of ticks on the body. The dog was suspected of having a haemoprotozoan infection, and a thin peripheral blood smear was submitted to the Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatanagar, Bareilly, for examination. A blood smear was screened for haemoprotozoan examination using Giemsa’s stain, which showed positivity for Ehrlichia canis. Treatment was initiated with Doxycycline at 10 mg/kg B.wt. orally once for 28 days, along with supportive therapy, which resulted in a significant improvement in the dog's condition. An incidence of E. canis was reported from the Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh

Activation of epigenetic regulator KDM6B by Salmonella Typhimurium enables chronic infections

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections result in self limiting gastroenteritis except in rare cases wherein manifestations of chronic infections can occur. Strategies employed by Salmonella to thrive in hostile environments of host during chronic infections are complex and multifaceted. In chronic state, a coordinated action of bacterial effectors allows reprogramming of macrophages to M2 subtype and thereby creating a permissible replicative niche. The mechanistic details of these processes are not fully known. In the current study we identified, histone H3-lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3)-specific demethylase, KDM6B to be upregulated in both cell culture and in murine model of Salmonella infection. KDM6B recruitment upon infection exhibited an associated loss of overall H3K27me3 in host cells and was Salmonella SPI1 effectors coordinated. ChIP-qRT-PCR array analysis revealed several new gene promoter targets of KDM6B demethylase activity including PPARδ, a crucial regulator of fatty acid oxidation pathway and Salmonella-persistent infections. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of KDM6B demethylase activity with GSKJ4 in chronic Salmonella infection mice model led to a significant reduction in pathogen load and M2 macrophage polarization in peripheral lymphoid organs. The following work thus reveals Salmonella effector-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of macrophages responsible for its long-term survival and chronic carriage.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe