Phage Therapy an Effective Remedy Against Drug-Resistant Bugs and Hard to Treat Bacterial Infections-A Review

The injudicious use of antibiotics not only in medicine but also to promote the growth of farm animals has led to the development of antibiotic resistance against many bacterial diseases. One of the remedy against such drug resistant bacterial infections is the application of phage (Bacteriophage) therapy. Phage therapy involves using phages or their products as bioagents for the treatment or prophylaxis of bacterial infections. There are two types of phages based on their type of life cycle: the lytic and the lysogenic phages. Only the lytic phages are used in phage therapy, because of the disadvantages of lysogenic pahges (Superinfection immunity, lysogenic conversion, specialized transduction). Apart from live phages the phage byproducts like phage lysins can also be used specifically against certain bacterial infections. The reports indicate that appropriate administration of living phages can be used to treat lethal infectious diseases caused by bacteria, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus etc. In the coming time the phage therapy will compensate for unavoidable complications of antimicrobial therapy, particularly the appearance of multidrug resistance bacteria (super bugs)

Modeling Information Seeking Behavior of Scholarly Community

Abstract Purpose: A number of models have been designed from time to time globally by various authors and researchers relevant to information needs and seeking behavior of users in various academic institutions. The paper explores, introduces and discusses various information seeking models and explains various elements of each model with an aim to design a model showing the information seeking behavior of Research Scholars in Universities of Kashmir. Design/methodology/approach: Various online resources like database, research articles and other web tools were accessed to retrieve relevant information related to the select models. To explore the information seeking behavior of Research Scholars, a total of 200 scholars were selected from University of Kashmir using stratified random sampling. Besides, a well-designed questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool and was personally distributed among all the scholars pursuing research degree in university of Kashmir to examine their information seeking behavior. Findings: The main findings of the study are presented in the form of a model which reveals that the information seeking behavior of scholars is greatly influenced by the introduction of Information Technology in the university libraries. There is a transformation from the traditional way of seeking information by scholars towards the tech savvy mode. Some of the findings of the study includes that Research Scholars mainly use Laptops as compared to desktops for seeking their desired information. Internet and Newspapers are mostly to get updated with the latest information related to their research. The study also reveals that research scholars face a number of barriers while accessing the needed information from the electronic resources including slow internet connectivity, electricity disruption, limited internet access time provided by authorities. Originality/value: The paper shows the practical value of a new model of information behavior which was developed using insights from earlier models in the field of Library & Information Science. Such research paves new horizons in understanding the information needs and seeking behavior of researchers at University level. Keywords: Information Seeking Behavior, Information Seeking Models, Information Literacy, University of Kashmir, Universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Paper type: Research Pape

Modeling Information Seeking Behavior of Scholarly Community

Abstract Purpose: A number of models have been designed from time to time globally by various authors and researchers relevant to information needs and seeking behavior of users in various academic institutions. The paper explores, introduces and discusses various information seeking models and explains various elements of each model with an aim to design a model showing the information seeking behavior of Research Scholars in Universities of Kashmir. Design/methodology/approach: Various online resources like database, research articles and other web tools were accessed to retrieve relevant information related to the select models. To explore the information seeking behavior of Research Scholars, a total of 200 scholars were selected from University of Kashmir using stratified random sampling. Besides, a well-designed questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool and was personally distributed among all the scholars pursuing research degree in university of Kashmir to examine their information seeking behavior. Findings: The main findings of the study are presented in the form of a model which reveals that the information seeking behavior of scholars is greatly influenced by the introduction of Information Technology in the university libraries. There is a transformation from the traditional way of seeking information by scholars towards the tech savvy mode. Some of the findings of the study includes that Research Scholars mainly use Laptops as compared to desktops for seeking their desired information. Internet and Newspapers are mostly to get updated with the latest information related to their research. The study also reveals that research scholars face a number of barriers while accessing the needed information from the electronic resources including slow internet connectivity, electricity disruption, limited internet access time provided by authorities. Originality/value: The paper shows the practical value of a new model of information behavior which was developed using insights from earlier models in the field of Library & Information Science. Such research paves new horizons in understanding the information needs and seeking behavior of researchers at University level. Keywords: Information Seeking Behavior, Information Seeking Models, Information Literacy, University of Kashmir, Universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Paper type: Research Pape

Concept of Manifestation Process in Kashmir Shaivism

This paper examines the concept of manifestation process in Kashmir Shaivism from Shiva tattva to Prithvi tattva and their transcendental and immanent predicates (Prakrti and Purusa).This paper also shows that the ultimate reality, Paramshiva, manifests itself into various forms which likely represent the theory of causation. This research paper also provides answer to two questions; First, how ultimate reality with its thirty-six principles or elements manifest in various forms and what types of forms ‘Descent’ attains from the ‘universal self’? Second, how manifestation process takes place from the ‘cosmic self’ (universal consciousness) to a ‘limited self’ (Jiva)? Since, this paper is based on philosophical exploration of manifestation process and contains interpretation and argumentation of Pratyabhijna philosophy only; it excludes manifestation due to Yogas (Upayas) and Karmas. Moreover, it explains the Trika form of reality (Shiva/God, Shakti/World, and Nara/Man) and also the identity between ‘ascent’ and ‘descent’. Manifestation further investigates the union of Shiva and Shakti with Maya and displays its character (Prakashvimarshmaya). This work further tries to describe the contribution of Abhinavagupta in the concept of manifestation

Ionic Liquids As Solvents For Chemical Transformations: A Kinetic Investigation

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How Post Graduate Students Use and Access Electronic Resources in the Universities of Jammu and Kashmir

Purpose: Easy availability and accessibility of information in multi-formats, advancement in tech savvy tools and improvement in information organization have led to the heavy use of electronic sources of information. Same is expected about the students pursuing various courses in different universities of Jammu and Kashmir. The paper explores, analyses and discusses the use of electronic sources of information by the students pursuing various courses in the universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Design/methodology/approach: To explore the use of electronic sources of information, a total of 927 students using stratified random sampling were selected from four universities of Jammu & Kashmir. Sample was taken in accordance to the population ratio from each of the select universities. A welldrafted questionnaire was used as a data gathering tool and was personally distributed among all the students. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Findings: The use of electronic sources of information has increased among the university students by the introduction of Information Technology. There is a transformation from the traditional way of seeking information towards the tech savvy mode. Students mainly use laptops for seeking their desired information. Internet and Newspapers are mostly used to stay updated. The awareness and assistance regarding the use of electronic sources of information is mostly given by friends and teachers rather than library staff. The study also reveals that students face a number of physical problems including strain in eyes and neck while accessing electronic sources of information. Practical implications: The paper is highly applicable to the administrators and managers of university setups to understand the use and impact of electronic sources on the university students in the digital environment. It will further help the university libraries to subscribe qualitative electronic resources and launch awareness as well as assistance programs among the users to enhance their information literacy skills

Evaluation of Bacteriological Quality of Ready-to-eat Chicken Products by Total Viable Count Method

The present investigation describes the total viable count of ready-to-eat chicken products (chicken patties and chicken rolls) in Srinagar city during two seasons viz. autumn and winter. A total of 120 ready-to-eat chicken products comprising of 60 chicken patties and 60 chicken rolls were tested. The mean bacterial count of 60 chicken patties and 60 chicken rolls was 5.1281 and 4.9395 log10 cfu/g. Bacillus cereus strains were isolated from 25 of chicken patties and 22 of the chicken rolls resulting in prevalence of 41.66% and 36.67%, respectively

Nature of Analytical Philosophy

This paper examines the nature of analytical philosophy, its need and the importance in the contemporary world. In this write up I will investigate the role of logic, mind and language in the field of awnalytical philosophy. It further determines the development of clarification of complex statements into simple statements. What makes analytical philosophy unique and what are the major significance that differentiates analytical philosophy from philosophy of mind, philosophy of logic and philosophy of language. Analytical philosophy is the process of analysis in which we proceed from complexity to simplicity and clarity. In analytical philosophy, philosophers are using analytical method to uncover those truths of the world and reality which are covered with linguistic ambiguity. Language plays an important role in analytical philosophy because the clarification and simplification is the business of analytical philosophy. World is made up of facts and facts are expressed and analyzed in language. Language is the representation of the world. I will also show the major contribution of analytical philosophers in explaining atomic world

Impact of Smartphones on Young Generation

Smartphones are very important and wonderful communicative tools used by all age group people especially Young generation. Without smartphones, one feels incomplete and it has become the need of hour. It has brought a plethora of information resources within the palm of ones hand and has bridged the communication gap via social networking sites. People remain in touch and come to know every development in all walks of life within no time on social Media. The impact of Smartphones is visible in all areas of life including business, education, health, marketing, social life etc. But it is not out of place to mention here that every technology has its pros and cons within. It has also caused various health hazards and brought miseries to people especially children which include Eye strain, Neck and back pain, Hypertension, etc. The present study is an attempt to explore and examine the impact of Smartphones on the life of young generation. A web based literature survey was carried out to find the objectives of the study. Various scholarly databases were accessed to find the most authentic and qualitative information related to the study