Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Damage and Their Production, Detection in Common Bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) under Water Stress Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) being small and highly reactive oxygen containing molecules play significant role in intracellular signaling and regulation. Various environmental stresses lead to excessive production of ROS causing progressive oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. This increased ROS production is, however, tightly controlled by a versatile and cooperative antioxidant system that modulates intracellular ROS concentration and controls the cell’s redox status. Furthermore, ROS enhancement under stress serves as an alarm signal, triggering acclimatory/defense responses via specific signal transduction pathways involving H2O2 as a secondary messenger. Nevertheless, if water stress is prolonged over to a certain extent, ROS production will overwhelm the scavenging action of the anti-oxidant system resulting in extensive cellular damage and death. DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) test serves as an effective assessment of oxidative damage under stress. It clearly differentiates the lines on the basis of darker staining of leaves under water stress. The lines showing greater per cent reduction in yield parameters show greater staining in DAB assay underlining the reliability of using this assay as a reliable supplement to phenotyping protocols for characterizing large germplasm sets

Effect of quercetin on steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis in ovary of mice with experimentally-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome

IntroductionPolycystic Ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects the health of many women around the world. Apart from fundamental metabolic problems connected to PCOS, focus of our study is on the role of quercetin on genes relevant to steroidogenesis and folliculogenesis.MethodsEighteen mature parkes strain mice (4-5 weeks old) weighing 18–21 g were randomly divided into three groups of six each as follows: Group I serves as the control and was given water and a regular chow diet ad lib for 66 days; group II was given oral gavage administration of letrozole (LETZ) (6 mg/kg bw) for 21 days to induce PCOS and was left untreated for 45 days; For three weeks, Group III received oral gavage dose of LETZ (6 mg/kg), after which it received Quercetin (QUER) (125 mg/kg bw orally daily) for 45 days.ResultsIn our study we observed that mice with PCOS had irregular estrous cycle with increased LH/FSH ratio, decreased estrogen level and decline in expression of Kitl, Bmp1, Cyp11a1, Cyp19a1, Ar, lhr, Fshr and Esr1 in ovary. Moreover, we observed increase in the expression of CYP17a1, as well as increase in cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and insulin levels. All these changes were reversed after the administration of quercetin in PCOS mice.DiscussionQuercetin treatment reversed the molecular, functional and morphological abnormalities brought on due to letrozole in pathological and physiological setting, particularly the issues of reproduction connected to PCOS. Quercetin doesn’t act locally only but it acts systematically as it works on Pituitary (LH/FSH)- Ovary (gonad hormones) axis. the Side effects of Quercetin have to be targeted in future researches. Quercetin may act as a promising candidate for medical management of human PCOS

Genome wide identification, phylogeny, and synteny analysis of sox gene family in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a commercial fish species valuable for nutritious components and plays a vital role in human healthy nutrition. The SOX (SRY-related genes systematically characterized by a high-mobility group HMG-box) encoded important gene regulatory proteins, a family of transcription factors found in a broad range of animal taxa and extensively known for its contribution in multiple developmental processes including contribution in sex determination across phyla. In our current study, we initially accomplished a genome-wide analysis to report the SOX gene family in common carp fish based on available genomic sequences of zebrafish retrieved from gene repository databases, we focused on the global identification of the Sox gene family in Common carp among wide range of vertebrates and teleosts based on bioinformatics tools and techniques and explore the evolutionary relationships. In our results, a total of 27 SOX (high-mobility group HMG-box) domain genes were identified in the C. carp genome. The full length sequences of SOX genes ranging from 3496 (SOX6) to 924bp (SOX17b) which coded with putative proteins series from 307 to 509 amino acids and all gene having exon number expect SOX9 and SOX13. All the SOX proteins contained at least one conserved DNA-binding HMG-box domain and two (SOX7 and SOX18) were found C terminal. The Gene ontology revealed SOX proteins maximum involvement is in metabolic process 49.796 %, average in biological regulation 45.188 %, biosynthetic process (19.992 %), regulation of cellular process 39.68, 45.508 % organic substance metabolic process, multicellular organismal process 23.23 %,developmental process 21.74 %, system development 16.59 %, gene expression 16.05 % and 14.337 % of RNA metabolic process. Chromosomal location and syntanic analysis show all SOX gene are located on different chromosomes and apparently does not fallow the unique pattern. The maximum linkage of chromosome is (2) on Unplaced Scaffold region. Finally, our results provide important genomic suggestion for upcoming studies of biochemical, physiological, and phylogenetic understanding on SOX genes among teleost

Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Substitution with Palm Oil on Growth, Survival, and Muscle Proximate Composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

A 60-day growth experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary cod liver oil with palm oil on the growth, survival, and muscle proximate composition of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Five diets were fed to triplicate groups of 20 advanced C. mrigala fry (2.16±0.01 g): 100% cod liver+0% palm (control), 25% palm+75% cod liver, 50% palm+50% cod liver, 75% palm+25% cod liver, and 100% palm+0% cod liver. At the end of the experiment, mean weight gain, average daily growth, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, feed conversion ratio, and percentage survival were assessed. Growth performance and survival were not compromised when fish oil was substituted with palm oil up to 25%. However, beyond this level, growth was significantly retarded (p0.01) differences in feed efficiency or muscle proximate composition. Results confirm the feasibility of substituting up to 25% dietary fish oil by palm oil in diets for C. mrigala advanced fry without negatively affecting growth or feed utilization efficiency

Chitosan-nanoconjugated hormone nanoparticles for sustained surge of gonadotropins and enhanced reproductive output in female fish.

A controlled release delivery system helps to overcome the problem of short life of the leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in blood and avoids use of multiple injections to enhance reproductive efficacy. Chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates of salmon LHRH of desired size, dispersity and zeta potential were synthesized and evaluated at half the dose rate against full dose of bare LHRH for their reproductive efficacy in the female fish, Cyprinus carpio. Whereas injections of both the nanoconjugates induced controlled and sustained surge of the hormones with peak (P<0.01) at 24 hrs, surge due to bare LHRH reached its peak at 7 hrs and either remained at plateau or sharply declined thereafter. While the percentage of relative total eggs produced by fish were 130 and 67 per cent higher, that of fertilised eggs were 171 and 88 per cent higher on chitosan- and chitosan-gold nanoconjugates than bare LHRH. Chitosan nanoconjugates had a 13 per cent higher and chitosan gold preparation had a 9 per cent higher fertilization rate than bare LHRH. Histology of the ovaries also attested the pronounced effect of nanoparticles on reproductive output. This is the first report on use of chitosan-conjugated nanodelivery of gonadotropic hormone in fish

Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Substitution with Palm Oil on Growth, Survival, and Muscle Proximate Composition of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822)

Abstract A 60-day growth experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary cod liver oil with palm oil on the growth, survival, and muscle proximate composition of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Five diets were fed to triplicate groups of 20 advanced C. mrigala fry (2.16±0.01 g): 100% cod liver+0% palm (control), 25% palm+75% cod liver, 50% palm+50% cod liver, 75% palm+25% cod liver, and 100% palm+0% cod liver. At the end of the experiment, mean weight gain, average daily growth, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, feed conversion ratio, and percentage survival were assessed. Growth performance and survival were not compromised when fish oil was substituted with palm oil up to 25%. However, beyond this level, growth was significantly retarded (p&lt;0.01). There were no significant (p&gt;0.01) differences in feed efficiency or muscle proximate composition. Results confirm the feasibility of substituting up to 25% dietary fish oil by palm oil in diets for C. mrigala advanced fry without negatively affecting growth or feed utilization efficiency. The IJA appears exclusively as a peer-reviewed on-line open-access journal at http://www.siamb.org.il. To read papers free of charge, please register online at registration form. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden. Sale of IJA papers is strictly forbidden. 2 Singh et al

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Not AvailableA 60-day growth experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing dietary cod liver oil with palm oil on the growth, survival, and muscle proximate composition of the Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Five diets were fed to triplicate groups of 20 advanced C. mrigala fry (2.16±0.01 g): 100% cod liver+0% palm (control), 25% palm+75% cod liver, 50% palm+50% cod liver, 75% palm+25% cod liver, and 100% palm+0% cod liver. At the end of the experiment, mean weight gain, average daily growth, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, feed conversion ratio, and percentage survival were assessed. Growth performance and survival were not compromised when fish oil was substituted with palm oil up to 25%. However, beyond this level, growth was significantly retarded (p0.01) differences in feed efficiency or muscle proximate composition. Results confirm the feasibility of substituting up to 25% dietary fish oil by palm oil in diets for C. mrigala advanced fry without negatively affecting growth or feed utilization efficiency.Not Availabl

Formation of chitosan gold nanoparticles. Varying the ratio of gold salt to chitosan in the medium helps in achieving size controlled synthesis of nanoparticles.

<p>Nanoparticles formed in the last beaker were used for animal experimentation.</p

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with a diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in Kashmir

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine disorders and is associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological disturbances affecting one in five women of reproductive age group. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among women in ambulatory treatment with a diagnosis of PCOS. Materials and Methods: One hundred and ten patients of PCOS were evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria by means of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, English version 5.0.0. Diagnosis of PCOS was confirmed according to the National Institute of Health/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 1990 consensus conference criteria. Forty subjects without PCOS who were matched for age and body mass index were taken as a comparison group. Results: About 23% of cases had major depressive disorder as compared to 7.5% of controls, 1.8% had dysthymia, 15.45% had panic disorder compared to 5% of controls, 6.36% had obsessive compulsive disorder compared to 2.5% of controls, 8% cases had suicidality, 2.72% of cases were bipolar affective disorder, and 15.45% had generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Conclusion: A high prevalence of mental disorders was observed, especially major depression, panic disorder, and GAD in patients with PCOS in our study. The results suggest that screening and appropriate management for psychiatric disorders should be part of the routine evaluation of these patients