FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN ISPA PADA BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS AMURANG TIMUR KABUPATEN MINAHASA SELATAN

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang utama di Indonesia karena masih tingginya angka kejadian ISPA terutama pada balita. Data jumlah kasus ISPA di Sulawesi Utara tahun 2014, terdapat 58.328 kasus pada balita usia 1-4 tahun dan di Wilayah Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan tahun 2014 jumlah kejadian ISPA pada balita usia 1-4 tahun berjumlah 3693 kasus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor risiko kejadian ISPA pada balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Amurang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survey analitik dengan desain case control study, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2016 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Amurang Timur kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 responden terdiri 75 responden yang pernah menderita ISPA dan 75 responden yang tidak pernah menderita ISPA. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pengamatan (observasi) dan wawancara (kuesioner). Secara statistic nilai probabilitas yang diperoleh berdasarkan hasil uji chi square yaitu kepadatan hunian (p = 0,021; OR = 0,32; CI 95% = 0,11-0,87), ventilasi (p = 0,41; OR = 0,38; CI 95% = 0,14-0,98) dan merokok (p = 0,006; OR = 2,62; CI 95% = 1,30-5,27) dengan kejadian ISPA di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Amurang Timur Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan hunian dengan kejadian ISPA, ventilasi dengan kejadian ISPA, dan merokok dengan kajadian ISPA.Kata Kunci: Kepadatan Hunian, Ventilasi, Merokok, Kejadian ISPAABSTRACTISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut) or URI (Upper Respiratory Tract Infection) is become the main problem in Indonesia because the number of patient is still high especially toddler. Based on data the number of ISPA or URI there are 58.328 cases for toddler beetwen 1-4 years in North Sulawesi, while in South Minahasa District there are 3693 cases both in 2014. The purpose of this research is to analyze the risk of factors of ISPA or URI cases in Puskesmas South Minahasa District. The methodology that used in this research is research analytic survey with case control study design which held on January-March 2016 in Puskesmas district South Minahasa District. The total sample in this research is 150 respondents, 75 for they who bas been suffered ISPA and 75 for those who did not suffered ISPA. The instrument for this research is observation and questionnaire. Statistically value probability based on test result chi square ie density of dwelling (p = 0,021; OR = 0,32; CI 95% = 0,11-0,87), ventilation (p = 0,41; OR = 0,38; CI 95% = 0,14-0,98) and smoking (p = 0,006; OR = 2,62; CI 95% = 1,30-5,27) with events ISPA in the work area Puskesmas Amurang East South Minahasa District. There are interrelated by Dwelling Density with events ISPA, Ventilation with inciden ISPA, and Smoking with events ISPA.Keywords : Dwelling Density, Ventilation, Smoking, Events ISP

Gambaran kualitas hidup remaja perokok SMA Negeri 3 Manado di masa pandemi COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused health and education emergencies that have an impact on the lives of teenage students, resulting in significant changes in teenage lifestyles, such as the desire to consume alcohol, cigarettes, and others. However, the most crucial impact that is felt is the creation of snoring behavior among adolescents. Smoking behavior has a negative impact on the quality of life of adolescents, which causes problems in the adolescent's environment. From this phenomenon, researchers conducted research in order to find out the picture of the quality of life of young smokers at SMA Negeri 3 Manado during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used a quantitative descriptive with convenience sampling techniques within the limits of the inclusion criteria. The research tools used were the WHOQOL-BREF and GSHS 2015 questionnaires in electronic form. The results of the 85 respondents show that average quality of life scores include domains: physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental, they’re all in the range of 40 to 80. The subjects of the research were an average of 15 – years – old, who has only begun smoking at age of 14 with the frequency of smoking being 10 - 29 days, and had family members who smoke cigarettes. The research conclusion is the overview of the quality of life in the physical, psychological, social relationship, and environment domains of 85 teenagers smokers mostly have the moderate quality of life.Keywords: smoking behavior, quality of life

Spitzer/IRS spectroscopy of high mass precursors to planetary nebulae

We present Spitzer/IRS observations of a small sample of heavily obscured IRAS sources displaying both the infrared and OH maser emission characteristic of OH/IR stars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), but also radio continuum emission typical of ionized planetary nebulae (PNe), the so-called OHPNe. Our observations show that their mid-infrared spectra are dominated by the simultaneous presence of strong and broad amorphous silicate absorption features together with crystalline silicate features, originated in their O-rich circumstellar shells. Out of the five sources observed, three of them are clearly non-variable at infrared wavelengths, confirming their post-AGB status, while the remaining two still show strong photometric fluctuations, and may still have not yet departed from the AGB. One of the non-variable sources in the sample, IRAS 17393-2727, displays a strong [Ne II] nebular emission at 12.8 microns, indicating that the ionization of its central region has already started. This suggests a rapid evolution from the AGB to the PN stage. We propose that these heavily obscured OHPNe represent the population of high mass precursors to PNe in our Galaxy.Comment: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (scheduled in the 2007 September 1 issue

Gambaran pengetahuan dan sikap guru SDN 1 Malalayang Kota Manado mengenai kekerasan pada anak

Objective: The purpose of this study is to describe the knowledge and attitudes of elementary school teachers toward the child abuse Design: This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a grounded theory approach using the technique of focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. The location of studywas at SDN (Elementary School) 1 Malalayang, City of Manado Result: Results showed, in general informants know the definition, type, effects, signs and prevention of child abuse. Resources informant comes mostly from education and experience as a teacher. Conclusion. Teachers are inadequatly knowing some aspects of child abuse. The teacher’s attitude focused on prevention, and tend to report cases of child abuse in certain condition. Keywords: Teacher’s knowledge, teacher’s attitude, child abus

Abundances in planetary nebulae near the galactic centre:I. Abundance determinations

Abundance determinations of about 110 planetary nebulae, which are likely to be in the Galactic Bulge are presented. Plasma diagnostics have been performed by making use of the available forbidden line ratios combined with radio continuum measurements. Chemical abundances of He, O, N, Ne, S, Ar, and Cl are then derived by employing theoretical nebular models as interpolation devices in establishing the ionization correction factors (ICFs) used to estimate the distribution of atoms among unobserved ionization stages. The overall agreement between the results derived by using the model-ICFs and those obtained from the theoretical models is reasonably good. The uncertainties related to the total abundances show a clear dependence on the level of excitation. In most cases, the abundances of chlorine can be derived only in objects with a relatively high Cl-abundance. Contrary to the conclusion previously drawn by Webster (1988), we found the excitation classes are not uniformly distributed. A clear peak at about classes 5 and 6 is noticed. The distribution is shifted toward a lower excitation range with respect to that of the nearby nebulae, reflecting the difference in the central star temperature distribution between the two samples

Sikap guru mengenai intervensi aktivitas fisik dan diet pada siswa obesitas di sekolah dasar

Objective: This study aims to determine the attitude of the teachers in the intervention of physical activity and dietary interventions on obesity in elementary school students. Methods: This study used a mixed methods research type of research that combines quantitative and qualitative. Results and Conclusion: The results showed that the informant Knowledge is still lacking because the informant did not fully understand the definition of obesity, the characteristics of children who are obese and the impact of obesity on the health of children. Keywords: teachers attitudes, physical intervention, dietary intervention, obese student

ASCA Observations of the Sgr B2 Cloud: An X-Ray Reflection Nebula

We present the ASCA results of imaging spectroscopy of the giant molecular cloud Sgr B2. The X-ray spectrum is found to be very peculiar; it exhibits a strong emission line at 6.4 keV, a low energy cutoff below about 4 keV and a pronounced edge-structure at 7.1 keV. The X-ray image is extended and its peak position is shifted from the core of the molecular cloud toward the Galactic center by about 1--2 arcminute. The X-ray spectrum and the morphology are well reproduced by a scenario that X-rays from an external source located in the Galactic center direction are scattered by the molecular cloud Sgr B2, and come into our line of sight. Thus Sgr B2 may be called an X-ray reflection nebula. Possible implications of the Galactic center activity related to this unique source are presented.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, AAS LaTeX, To be published in The Astrophysical Journa

Spitzer IRAC observations of newly-discovered planetary nebulae from the Macquarie-AAO-Strasbourg H-alpha Planetary Nebula Project

We compare H-alpha, radio continuum, and Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) images of 58 planetary nebulae (PNe) recently discovered by the Macquarie-AAO-Strasbo- urg H-alpha PN Project (MASH) of the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Using InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) data we define the IR colors of PNe and demonstrate good isolation between these colors and those of many other types of astronomical object. The only substantive contamination of PNe in the color-color plane we illustrate is due to YSOs. However, this ambiguity is readily resolved by the unique optical characteristics of PNe and their environs. We also examine the relationships between optical and MIR morphologies from 3.6 to 8.0um and explore the ratio of mid-infrared (MIR) to radio nebular fluxes, which is a valuable discriminant between thermal and nonthermal emission. MASH emphasizes late evolutionary stages of PNe compared with previous catalogs, enabling study of the changes in MIR and radio flux that attend the aging process. Spatially integrated MIR energy distributions were constructed for all MASH PNe observed by the GLIMPSE Legacy Project, using the H-alpha morphologies to establish the dimensions for the calculations of the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX), IRAC, and radio continuum (from the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope and the Very Large Array) flux densities. The ratio of IRAC 8.0-um to MSX 8.3-um flux densities provides a measure of the absolute diffuse calibration of IRAC at 8.0 um. We independently confirm the aperture correction factor to be applied to IRAC at 8.0um to align it with the diffuse calibration of MSX. The result agrees with the recommendations of the Spitzer Science Center and with results from a parallel study of HII regions. These PNe probe the diffuse calibration of IRAC on a spatial scale of 9-77 arcsec.Comment: 48 pages, LaTeX (aastex), incl. 18 PostScript (eps) figures and 3 tables. Accepted by Astrophysical Journa

Chemical Abundances of Planetary Nebulae in the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy

Spectrophotometry and imaging of the two planetary nebulae He2-436 and Wray16-423, recently discovered to be in the Sagittarius dwarf elliptical galaxy, are presented. Wray16-423 is a high excitation planetary nebula (PN) with a hot central star. In contrast He2-436 is a high density PN with a cooler central star and evidence of local dust, the extinction exceeding that for Wray16-423 by E(B-V)=0.28. The extinction to Wray16-423, (E(B-V)=0.14), is consistent with the extinction to the Sagittarius (Sgr) Dwarf. Both PN show Wolf-Rayet features in their spectra, although the lines are weak in Wray16-423. Images in [O III] and H-alpha+[N II], although affected by poor seeing, yield a diameter of 1.2'' for Wray16-423 after deconvolution; He~2-436 was unresolved. He2-436 has a luminosity about twice that of Wray16-423 and its size and high density suggest a younger PN. In order to reconcile the differing luminosity and nebular properties of the two PN with similar age progenitor stars, it is suggested that they are on He burning tracks The abundance pattern is very similar in both nebulae and shows an oxygen depletion of -0.4 dex with respect to the mean O abundance of Galactic PN and [O/H] = -0.6. The Sgr PN progenitor stars are representative of the higher metallicity tail of the Sgr population. The pattern of abundance depletion is similar to that in the only other PN in a dwarf galaxy companion of the Milky Way, that in Fornax, for which new spectra are presented. However the abundances are larger than for Galactic halo PN suggesting a later formation age. The O abundance of the Sgr galaxy deduced from its PN, shows similarities with that of dwarf ellipticals around M31, suggesting that this galaxy was a dwarf elliptical before its interaction with the Milky Way.Comment: 24 pages, Latex (aas2pp4.sty) including 5 postscript figures. To appear in Ap