11 research outputs found
Lexical-Semantic features of the arabic cognates related to the educational process
The word-stock of the Uzbek language consists of native and assimilated words. Until the early 20th century, the assimilated stratum was enriched with Persian-Tajik and Arabic words. By the beginning of the 20th century, Russian words, and later international words, began to intensify. Although the process of mastering Persian-Tajik and Arabic words slowed down, the mastery of these languages retained the main position of the explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language. Farsi-Tajik and Arabic words began to acquire the status of their stratum in relation to Russian-international words. Most of these words are difficult to distinguish without etymological analyses and dictionaries. Such similarities were accepted as similarities only by scholars, and in colloquial terms they became the words of their class. The processes of semantic development of borrowed words occurred within the Uzbek language. In this article the changes of roots associated with the learning process, observed during the historical development of semantics of Arabic lexemes are maximally highlighted
Role of Fractals in Perovskite Solar Cells
The interface engineering plays important role in fabrication of the tandem and perovskite based solar cells. Recent experiments show that the interface effects caused by the coupling of the electron bands and the pairing of geometry of contacting surfaces. In particular, it has been experimentally revealed that the transition from planar to the rough interface improves many photoelectric parameters of the device. It means that the value of the fractal dimension of the interface may be key factor in device performance. It is possible to formulate two problems: firstly, the understanding on simple models why the electrical properties at fractal interfaces are improved, and, secondly, to discuss one of the most promising approaches in modern electronics, namely technology of radiation applications in the creation of rough interfaces. Thirdly, the problem of photodegradation is analyzed in detail in the structures containing the fractal interfaces. On the basis of the constructed models, it was found: i) increase of roughness (fractal) of interface structure can enhance the role of total internal light reflection effect, thereby increasing the effective light path, and therefore, the number of generated e-h-pairs; ii) the curvature of the surface leads to the shift of Tamm levels both to the borders of allowed bands, and to the middle of the band gap; it opens the way of the control of carrier recombination on the interface; iii) surface Tamm orbitals interact differently each with other on the convex and concave areas; it leads to the different probability of defect formation and, consequently, reduces the fractal interface, inhibiting the effect of increasing of the photocurrent associated with the fractal interface (new channel of photodegradation)
Assessment of the course of the gestational process using survey method and depending on the laboratory confirmed prenatal alcohol use (cross-section study)
Background. Studying the problem of alcohol consumption by pregnant women using modern laboratory research methods has valuable theoretical and practical significance. The aim of the study. To determine the characteristics of the pregnancy course in women consuming alcohol in the prenatal period confirmed by survey and laboratory tests, depending on the phosphatidylethanol levels. Materials and methods. We examined 863 women under observation at the Irkutsk Regional Perinatal Center for the period from 2014 to 2021. To confirm the fact of alcohol consumption in the prenatal period, 545 women were surveyed, 318 Β women were examined using laboratory analysis. The diagnostic biomarker for Β alcohol was Β PEth:16:0/18:1. To assign pregnant women to Β the control group, a PEth concentration of β€ 8 ng/ml was taken. If the PEth concentration was > 8 ng/ml, pregnant women were classified as heavy drinkers. Clinical and laboratory indicators of the course of pregnancy and childbirth were carried out in comparative groups. Results. It has been established that every second woman of reproductive age took alcohol before pregnancy. 24.2 % of women did not stop consuming alcohol in Β the Β prenatal period. At the same time, the risk of congenital malformations was high, since 20.4 % of women consumed alcohol in the first trimester of pregnancy. Based on the results of the survey, it was revealed that in women who consumed alcohol in the prenatal period, the following pathological conditions are statistically significantly more common: anemia, congenital heart defects in fetuses, prematurity of gestational age, labor anomalies, uterus subinvolution. Based on the results of laboratory confirmation of alcohol consumption, it was established that parity of birth, intrauterine growth retardation, and Β premature birth were statistically significantly more often in pregnant women who drink. Conclusion. Thus, in order to obtain the most meaningful and high-quality results, it is necessary to Β conduct larger studies. In addition, maternal blood biomarkers should be used to confirm levels of alcohol consumption throughout all trimesters of pregnancy
ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²
Background. Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by high vascularization and immunogenicity. Immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of this pathology, however, the lack of development of criteria for its use does not allow to achieve even greater success. It is known that the tumor stroma plays an important role in the success of immunotherapy. Among the various histological types of kidney tumors, the stroma of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma has been studied in sufficient detail. However, the remaining histological types are practically not studied.Objective: description of the immunosuppressive phenotype of the stroma of kidney tumors of various histological types.Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtainedfrom 44patients with renal cell carcinoma of various histological types (16 samples of chromophobe cancer, 15 samples of clear cell and 13 samples of papillary renal cell carcinoma). The method of immunohis-tochemistry evaluated the expression of tumor stromal markers, namely CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 and PD-L1 in the studied samples.Results. Analysis of the total number of macrophages associated with the tumor showed that the smallest number is observed in samples of chromophobe renal cancer, while in the samples of clear cell cancer their number is greatest. A similar situation is observed for T-cells: the largest number of CD3+ cells is observed in clear cell tumors. In chromophobe and papillary tumors, their number is reduced. Papillary tumors are also characterized by an almost complete absence of expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 compared to other histological types of kidney tumors. We also showed that for PU.1 there is a strong positive correlation between its quantity and localization, as in CD68. Thus, PU.1 can be used as a general marker for describing stromal macrophages in kidney tumors.Conclusion. The study showed that kidney tumors of various histological types strongly and significantly differ in the composition of their microenvironment. These data, of course, must be considered when choosing immune therapy in the treatment of this pathology.ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ². ΠΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 44 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² (16 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, 15 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ 13 ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ). Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ, Π° ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 ΠΈ PD-L1.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, Π² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅. ΠΠ»Ρ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ: Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎ CD3+-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
. Π Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ PD-L1 ΠΈ IDO1 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΄Π»Ρ PU.1 Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ CD68. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, PU.1 ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Preparation and properties of silicon- and titanium-containing hybrid nanocomposite films based on ethyl cellulose
FEATURES OF STRESSES AT THE APEX OF AN ELASTIC WEDGE, SUPPORTED BY A THIN FLEXIBLE COATING ON THE SIDES
Objectives To study the problem of determining the degree of stress at the apex of a wedge-shaped area in cases where the sides (or one of them) are covered with a thin flexible coating.Method It is assumed that the coating is not stretchable. On the other side of the wedge-shaped area, the same coating is assumed to be present; it is either fixed, stress-free or in smooth contact with a rigid base. Mathematically, the problem is reduced to the task of determining the roots of characteristic transcendental equations arising from the existence of a nontrivial solution to the system of linear homogeneous equations.Results Values for the specific characteristics of the radial component of a stress tensor are determined for different combinations of boundary conditions and solution angles. In particular, the angles at which the singular behaviour of stresses occurs are determined. The case is considered when a special boundary condition is given on the edge surface, simulating the overlay. Characteristic equations are obtained to determine the index of the degree dependency of the asymptotic solution in its vicinity for four variants of boundary conditions. In two cases, transcendental equations are obtained, which are solved numerically.Conclusion Calculations of the first positive roots of the equations depending on the angle of the edge solution and Poisson's ratio are presented. The values of the angles, at which the singular behaviour of stresses occurs, are determined. In the case of a combination of boundary conditions (III β IV), the singular stress behaviour is observed for the angle ???? = ????/8, while in the case of (III β III) this value is equal to ????/4
Immunosuppressive peculiarities of stromal cells of various kidney tumor types
Background. Renal cell carcinoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors characterized by high vascularization and immunogenicity. Immunotherapy has made a breakthrough in the treatment of this pathology, however, the lack of development of criteria for its use does not allow to achieve even greater success. It is known that the tumor stroma plays an important role in the success of immunotherapy. Among the various histological types of kidney tumors, the stroma of the clear cell renal cell carcinoma has been studied in sufficient detail. However, the remaining histological types are practically not studied.Objective: description of the immunosuppressive phenotype of the stroma of kidney tumors of various histological types.Materials and methods. The study included tumor samples obtainedfrom 44patients with renal cell carcinoma of various histological types (16 samples of chromophobe cancer, 15 samples of clear cell and 13 samples of papillary renal cell carcinoma). The method of immunohis-tochemistry evaluated the expression of tumor stromal markers, namely CD68, CD206, PU.1, CD3, IDO1 and PD-L1 in the studied samples.Results. Analysis of the total number of macrophages associated with the tumor showed that the smallest number is observed in samples of chromophobe renal cancer, while in the samples of clear cell cancer their number is greatest. A similar situation is observed for T-cells: the largest number of CD3+ cells is observed in clear cell tumors. In chromophobe and papillary tumors, their number is reduced. Papillary tumors are also characterized by an almost complete absence of expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 compared to other histological types of kidney tumors. We also showed that for PU.1 there is a strong positive correlation between its quantity and localization, as in CD68. Thus, PU.1 can be used as a general marker for describing stromal macrophages in kidney tumors.Conclusion. The study showed that kidney tumors of various histological types strongly and significantly differ in the composition of their microenvironment. These data, of course, must be considered when choosing immune therapy in the treatment of this pathology