Performance of voice over frame relay

Frame Relay (FR) represents one of the most important paradigm shifts in modern telecommunication. This technology is beginning to evolve from data only application to broad spectrum of multimedia users and potential to provide end users with cost effective transport of voice traffic for intra office communication. In this project the recent development in voice communication over Frame relay is investigated. Computer ssimulations were carried out using the powerful simulation software OPNET. Performance measures such as delays, jitter, and throughput are reported. It is evident from the results that real-time voice or video across a frame relay network providing acceptable performance is possible

The chiral phase transition and the role of vacuum fluctuations

We investigate the chiral phase transition in the quark-meson effective model using optimised perturbation theory to one loop. Certain terms in the free energy are frequently omitted in calculations, on the assumption that their contribution is negligible. We show that this is not necessarily the case, and that the order of the phase transition, as well as the critical temperature, depends heavily on which contributions are included.Comment: Talk given at the IX International Conference on Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum (QCHS9), Madrid, 2010. 3 pages, 4 figure

Measuring the impact of climate change on South African agriculture: The case of sugar-cane growing regions

This study employed a Ricardian model that captures farmers' adaptation to analyze the impact of climate change on South African Sugarcane production under irrigation and dryland conditions. The study utilized time series data for the period 1977 to 1998 pooled over 11 districts. Results showed that climate change has significant nonlinear impacts on net revenue per hectare of sugarcane in South Africa with higher sensitivity to future increases in temperature than precipitation. Irrigation did not prove to provide an effective option for mitigating climate change damages on sugarcane production in South Africa. The study suggests that adaptation strategies should focus special attention on technologies and management regimes that will enhance sugarcane tolerance to warmer temperatures during winter and especially the harvesting phases.Environmental Economics and Policy,

Topical Problems in Fishery Economics: An Introduction

Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Assessing household vulnerability to climate change: The case of farmers in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia

Vulnerability to climate extremes, Nile Basin of Ethiopia, Minimum daily income, Climate change,

Piezoelectric Sensors for Real-time Monitoring and Quality Control in Additive Manufacturing

Within the ever-evolving landscape of engineering, particularly in the dynamic domain of additive In manufacturing, a pursuit of precision and excellence in production processes takes centre stage. This research , This paper serves to give a comprehensive understanding of piezoelectric sensors, a topic that is both academically engaging and of practical significance, catering to both seasoned experts and those newly venturing into the field. Additive manufacturing, lauded for its groundbreaking potential, underscores the imperative of rigorous quality control. This introduces piezoelectric sensors, devices that may be unfamiliar to many but possess considerable potential. This paper embarks on a methodical journey, commencing with an introductory elucidation of the piezoelectric effect. It then advances to the vital role of piezoelectric sensors in real-time monitoring and quality control, unveiling their potential and relevance for newcomers and seasoned professionals alike. This research, structured systematically from fundamental principles to pragmatic applications, presents findings that are not only academically informative but also represent a substantial stride towards achieving precision and high-quality manufacturing processes in the engineering field.Comment: 14 Pages, encompassing electrical element (piezoelectric sensor) and its use in advanced manufacturing technolog

London 2012 Olympic Games: Challenges Faced by Islamic Olympians Fasting for Ramadan

Fasting is a common practice among many religions in the world. In the ancient religions, fasting was observed as common religious practice associated with many religious festivals. Fasting was also observed in the Judaism and Christianity as part of the religious belief. Therefore, Islam has also prescribed fasting for Muslim in the form of a-month long period of obligatory acts of worship. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar, during which they observed the fasting among daylight hours. The paper has explored significance of Ramadan and impact it had on Muslim athletes during the London 2012 Olympic Games. The Olympic Games were scheduled during the month of Ramadan and the impact of the Olympic Games on Muslim athletes, visitors, and viewers was described, because main Olympic events were scheduled during the breaking of the fast. This paper presents the findings of the primary research undertaken to assess the views and opinions of both the Islamic religion and other religions, concerning the impact of religious festivals on the Olympic Games. The results concluded that most of the people have no idea that there could be an impact of religious festivals on the Olympic Games

A Practical Approach for Electricity Load Forecasting

This paper is a continuation of our daily energy peak load forecasting approach using our modified network which is part of the recurrent networks family and is called feed forward and feed back multi context artificial neural network (FFFB-MCANN). The inputs to the network were exogenous variables such as the previous and current change in the weather components, the previous and current status of the day and endogenous variables such as the past change in the loads. Endogenous variable such as the current change in the loads were used on the network output. Experiment shows that using endogenous and exogenous variables as inputs to the FFFBMCANN rather than either exogenous or endogenous variables as inputs to the same network produces better results. Experiments show that using the change in variables such as weather components and the change in the past load as inputs to the FFFB-MCANN rather than the absolute values for the weather components and past load as inputs to the same network has a dramatic impact and produce better accuracy