Allama Iqbal: The Pinnacle Point of Understanding & Interpretation of Masnavi Maulana Rumi

The relationship between Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Rumi and Allama Iqbal is quite unique on the intellectual level. The process of conveying the subjects of Sufism to the common people through the Masnavi began with Hazrat Sultan Abu Saeed Abul Khair, and the ascension was given to it by Maulana Rumi. Ahmad Rumi, influenced by Rumi was the first to interpret this Masnavi in ​​India. Until Allama Iqbal, many commentaries of the Masnavi had come to the fore. Iqbal also wrote a Masnavi on the style of this Masnavi in ​​the form of Asrar-e-Khudi and kept the same ‘Bahr’ as well. Except for Gulshan-e-Raz-e-Jadid, all Masnavis of Iqbal are in this ‘Bahr’. The influence of Masnavi Maulana Rumi on the thought and literature of Muslims has never been seen before in the history of poetry. Iqbal transferred the intellectual revolution found in this Masnavi to his poetry. All of Iqbal's poetry, letters, essays and sermons are interpretations of Rumi's beliefs, ideas and thoughts. Iqbal's concept of self-recognition is the epitome of Rumi's bravery, courage and strength. More or less seven and a half hundred years have passed since Masnavi Maulana Rumi came to the fore; no era has passed without the interpretation and reinterpretation of this creation. Before Iqbal, commentators continued to highlight the moral aspects of this Masnavi, but Iqbal gave it a new interpretation and made it the source and axis of the world revolutions. In this research paper, the relationship between Iqbal and Rumi and the understanding and interpretation of Masnavi Maulana Rumi through Iqbal's poetry have been discussed

Detection of Brucella Infections from Clinically Suspected Cases of Brucellosis in Garmain City- Sulaimani Province Kurdistan- Iraq

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted between animals and humans by contaminated food, direct contact with an affected animal, or inhalation of aerosols. The research was for the period October 2019 to March 2020, 67vein blood samples of clinically suspected brucellosis (Malta fever) and 20 from healthy persons as control were tested. Control samples showed negative for brucellosis infection when serological testing was performed. while out of 67 suspected patients, 14 were significantly positive for Rose Bengal at titer (160), 39 positive for ELISA (37 for IgG and 2 for IgM). Out of 37 positive samples for IgG by ELISA, only seven samples were positive for Rose Bengal while two positive samples for IgM was negative for Rose Bengal

Non-Destructive Testing of Fully Recycled Aggregate Concrete Bricks Prepared by Compression Casting Technique

This research study aims to investigate the quality and strength of fully recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) bricks made by using Compression Casting Technique (CCT). Standard size RAC bricks were manufactured using 70% recycled coarse and 30% recycled fine concrete aggregates with 15% cement content by weight of total aggregates. Three values of casting pressure (i.e., 25, 30 and 35 MPa) were studied. Recycled concrete aggregates (fine and coarse) required for this study were produced by crushing of tested concrete samples having compressive strength range of 3000 to 4000 psi. Both destructive and non-destructive testing were performed on RAC bricks. Among NDT, ultrasonic pulse velocity test was performed to assess the quality of RAC bricks and based on results, a correlation between compressive strength and UPV test values is proposed. In addition, Schmitt hammer test was also performed, and their values were compared with laboratory tested samples. Results have highlighted that Schmitt hammer and UPV test can be consider as convenient and reliable way to assess the strength and quality of RAC bricks in the field

Effect of Casting Pressure on the Properties of 100% Recycled Aggregate Concrete Pavers

The construction and demolition (C&D) waste is required to be recycled for sustainable development and to save natural resources. In this study, the influence of casting pressure on the properties of pavers made using Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) was investigated. RAC mix having 60% fine and 40% coarse recyled aggregates was prepared using 20% cement (by weight of total aggregates). The same mix was used in making concrete pavers of size 200 mm x 100 mm x 60 mm by employing Compression Casting Technique (CCT). For comparison purposes, pavers of same size were also prepared using Natural Aggregate Concete (NAC) under the same casting pressure. Pavers were tested to determine their density, initial rate of water absorption, porosity and efflorescence. The tests were performed after 28 days of casting. The results showed that above mentioned properties of RAC pavers are improved with the increase of casting pressure; by increasing the casting pressure from 5 to 30 MPa, density, initial rate of water absorption and prosity of RAC was improved up to 2.01%, 83.6% and 51.7%, respectively. The results further indicated that compared to NAC pavers, RAC pavers exhibit inferior properties. No efflorescence was observed in RAC and NAC pavers

Federalism and Their Applications in Iraq

تثير مسألة الاخذ بالنظام الفدرالي خلافا فقهيا بين مؤيد ومعارض لفكرة هذا النظام كلا حسب نظرته وتفسيره له. ومما لاشك فيه ان النظام الفدرالي يعد من اشكال الدولة المهمة خصوصا في الدول التي تتسم مجتمعاتها بالتعددية القومية او الطائفية ،حيث اثبت هذا النظام نجاحه في العديد من دول العالم سواء المتقدمة كما هو الحال في الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وسويسرا وبلجيكا،اوالنامية منها كما في اثيوبيا والمكسيك،باستثناء بعض التجارب الفاشلة التي لم يكن سببها هذا النظام وانما نتيجة الظروف السياسية والاجتماعية الخاصة بها كما في يوغسلافيا السابقة والبوسنة والهرسك. ولأن الفدرالية عبارة عن نظام سياسي يقتضي تنازل عدد من الدول عن صلاحياتها وامتيازاتها لصالح السلطة الاتحادية العليا في البلاد والتي تكون ممثلة لها في الساحة الدولية،لذلك هي تعد نوعا من الاتحاد الطوعي الذي ينشأ بين قوميات مختلفة او بين كيانات منفصلة ارادت العيش مع بعضها البعض ضمن كيان سياسي واحد على ان تحتفظ فيه الاقليات والقوميات الصغيرة ببعض الصلاحيات الداخلية لتسيير شؤونها المحلية، اما الامور المتعلقة بسياسة الدولة الخارجية والاختصاصات الاخرى المتعلقة بتنظيم شؤون الاتحاد فتكون من اختصاص السلطة الاتحادية.The federal system is considered to be as one of the most important political systems in pluralistic countries. The federalism has succeeded in many countries in the world, such as the United States, Switzerland, Belgium, Ethiopia and Mexico. With the exception of some failed trials due to political and social conditions, as in Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina Federalism is a shape of state that requires a number of states to renounce their powers and privileges in favor of the central federal authority they represent at the international level. Therefore, it is considered to be a voluntary union established between nationalities and minorities who wish to live with each other in a unified political entity to retain some of the internal powers that run their local, Issues relating to the sovereignty to the federal authority

CASTLEMAN DISEASE: A GREAT MIMICKER OF METASTASES IN RADIOIODINE REFRACTORY THYROID CANCER

A 27-year-old male underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid swelling. Histopathology showed papillary thyroid carcinoma [T3 - 6.0 cm] with extra-thyroidal extension. The patient was treated with 150 mCi radioactive iodine(RAI) as adjuvant ablative therapy. Radioiodine refractory disease was identified 1-year post-RAI therapy with elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative I-131 whole body scan. F-18 FDG positron emission tomography/computedtomography scan showed activity in the right thyroid bed and multilevel right cervical nodes. Right-sided modified neck dissection was done, which showed Castleman disease (hyaline vascular type) in right cervical nodes. The most probable cause of elevated tumour markers was found out to be 0.6 cm right thyroid bed nodule on follow-up ultrasonography. Our patient also had coexistent conditions as; osteopoikilosis and Hepatitis C along with thyroid carcinoma.Key words: Castleman disease, lymph node, radioiodine, thyroid cance

Atypical symptoms with typical signs in a patient with Propionibacterium acnes related mitral valve endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious medical condition associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality if not treated promptly and adequately. The clinical outcome depends on the early diagnosis and aggressiveness of the causative organism. Patients usually present with typical features suggestive of Infective endocarditis but in some circumstances the presentations are atypical, and if not diagnosed and treated, may lead to serious consequences. We present a case of atypical presentations of infective endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium acnes organism with no classical features of endocarditis and had symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection. The diagnosis of IE can be very difficult in patients with atypical clinical presentation, particularly caused by low-pathogenicity organisms. Appropriate clinical assessment and high level of suspicious especially in the patients with previous history of infective endocarditis or having prosthetic valves in situ is crucial

Incidence, outcome and risk factors for sepsis- a two year retrospective study at surgical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Pakistan

Background: Sepsis is amongst the leading causes of admission to the intensive care units and is associated with a high mortality. However, data from developing countries is scarse. Aim of conducting this study was to determine the incidence, outcome and risk factors for sepsis on admission to surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of a teaching hospital in Pakistan. Methods: Two year retrospective observational study included all consecutive adult admissions to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of a University Hospital, from January 2012 to December 2013. Results: Two hundred and twenty-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Average age of the patients was 46.35±18.23 years (16–85), mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.92±8.13 and males were 67.6%. Median length of ICU stay was 4 [IQR 5]. 43% patients fulfilled the criteria of sepsis at the time of admission to the SICU and incidence of severe sepsis/septic shock was 35%. Abdominal sepsis was the most frequent source of infection (57.5%). The overall intensive care unit mortality was 32.31% but the mortality of sepsis-group was 51.15% as compared to 17.7% of the non-sepsis group. Stepwise logistic regression model showed that increasing age, female gender, non-operative admission, admission under general surgery and co-morbidities like ischaemic heart disease and chronic kidney disease were significant predictors of sepsis. Conclusion: The incidence of sepsis and severe sepsis/septic shock, on admission to SICU is high and mortality of the sepsis group is nearly three times the mortality of the non-sepsis group