Lucy Diggs Slowe, Howard University Dean of Women, 1922-1937: Educator, Administrator, Activist

ABSTRACT LUCY DIGGS SLOWE, HOWARD UNIVERSITY DEAN OF WOMEN, 1922-1937: EDUCATOR, ADMINISTRATOR, ACTIVIST by Lisa R. Rasheed Within the last twenty years, some educational researchers initiated an emphasis to study the accomplishments and contributions of African-American women in higher education. Although they were marginally recognized, some African-American women forged into uncharted territories by providing examples of administrative leadership in post-secondary settings. Their triumphs and failures have gone unnoticed, leaving a vacant space in the chronicles of history in higher education. Little is know about one African-American woman, as an administrator at a co-educational institution in terms of her vision about her position as a professional, her view of student-oriented services and activities, and her acknowledgement and realization of the need for a student-centered community as a vital context for learning. Using historical methods, this study examines the life and work of Lucy Diggs Slowe, Howard University Dean of Women from 1922 until her death in 1937. The purpose of this study is to offer a more comprehensive illumination about Slowe’s experiences and contributions as an educational leader. Lucy Diggs Slowe was a woman of strong constitution and substance. A woman of many firsts, she was one of the founding members of the African-American sorority Alpha Kappa Alpha in 1908. Slowe would go on to leave an indelible imprint philosophically, professionally, and personally on the lives she touched as both an administrator at Howard University and a member of the Washington, D.C. community. Slowe’s contributions are worthy of study to better understand how she embodied leadership by focusing on her career in higher education as an administrator

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection

An error in the application of the design procedure described in a previous paper [Appl. Opt. 45, 1650 (2006)] has been corrected, and new revised figures are included in this erratum

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection

An all-transparent symmetric trilayer structure, which consists of a high-index center layer coated on both sides by a low-index film and embedded in a high-index prism, can function as an efficient polarizer or polarizing beam splitter under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection over a wide range of incidence angles. For a given set of refractive indices, all possible solutions for the thicknesses of the layers that suppress the reflection of either the p or s polarization at a specified angle, as well as the reflectance of the system for the orthogonal polarization, are determined. A 633 nm design that uses a MgF2-ZnS-MgF2 trilayer embedded in a ZnS prism achieves an extinction ratio (ER)\u3e40 dB from 50° to 80° in reflection and an ER\u3e20 dB from 58° to 80° in transmission. IR polarizers that use CaF2-Ge-CaF2 trilayers embedded in a ZnS prism are also considered

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection

An error in the application of the design procedure described in a previous paper [Appl. Opt. 45, 1650 (2006)] has been corrected, and new revised figures are included in this erratum

Design Expert System to Simulate Control System of Gas Generating Stations

The use of computer technology to support technical decisions and training is now widespread and pervasive across a broad range of technical areas. Accordingly, computer-aided diagnosis has become an increasingly important area for intelligent computational systems. The objective of project research is to design an expert system able to  provide the way to simulate the technical crew training , technical crew evaluating, testing of station parts, fault diagnosing of gas turbine power plant which uses natural gas to help the technical  maintenance crew and others trainees to reduce the error of the technical crew as minimum as possible and significantly reduce the cost of the training technical crew ,and  in same time can be applied this proposed system in all generating stations which work in ministry of electricity and private sector stations. The proposed system contains two main modules first one is the System Information and the second model is Expert system. Those two models creates our system simulators. The Information System of proposed system contains the static information about different malfunctions of the gas turbine power plant field which is used for training crews by showing pictures and videos about affected part of the station and giving the correct action,  and containing exam question for evaluating technical crew level to give the correct decision about them such as an increase training period of the crew,  and containing testing procedure steps of the station parts with given correct action to start  up  the station or wait according  to test result ,and containing fault diagnosing of the station with advice and required solution, and containing information related to monitoring and remote control the station with given correct action using visual Basic 6.0, and can make the prediction and warning  according to environment information and received parameters from station compared with the standard level which is stored in system and giving the required advice to protect the system from damage .The second model of proposed system is Expert system of which performs the program, so this system represents a computer program design to simulate human ability to solve the problem, and it consists of knowledge base which contain all knowledge and information which are collected from experts (engineers) about specific problems in specific domain and inference machine to search for knowledge base to find the solution of the problem in this restricted domain, this research clearly also  describes  how the  neural computing system designed to support the technical decision process to save the station from damage and continuously prepare good technical crew and develop their capability . The most prominent feature of our proposed system is simplicity, flexibility and friendly user interface with high speed of the execution. Keywords: Gas Turbine, Expert system, Simulation, power Generation, control Syste

Polarizing properties of embedded symmetric trilayer stacks under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection

An all-transparent symmetric trilayer structure, which consists of a high-index center layer coated on both sides by a low-index film and embedded in a high-index prism, can function as an efficient polarizer or polarizing beam splitter under conditions of frustrated total internal reflection over a wide range of incidence angles. For a given set of refractive indices, all possible solutions for the thicknesses of the layers that suppress the reflection of either the p or s polarization at a specified angle, as well as the reflectance of the system for the orthogonal polarization, are determined. A 633 nm design that uses a MgF2-ZnS-MgF2 trilayer embedded in a ZnS prism achieves an extinction ratio (ER)\u3e40 dB from 50° to 80° in reflection and an ER\u3e20 dB from 58° to 80° in transmission. IR polarizers that use CaF2-Ge-CaF2 trilayers embedded in a ZnS prism are also considered

MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT BAT AND RAT POPULATIONS IN THE MALDIVE ISLANDS, INDIAN OCEAN

The introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) and the endemic giant fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus ariel) are serious depredators of coconuts and fruits, respectively, in the Maldives. Differences in reproductive rate between rats (high) and bats (low) must be considered in implementing control programs. We estimate a rat population can fully recover from an island-wide reduction of 90% in less than 6 months. In contrast, a bat population may require 6 years to recover from a 90% reduction. Crown-baiting of coconut palms with anticoagulant rodenticides is effective in reducing rat damage, but villagers have been reluctant to adopt recommended baiting programs, allowing rat populations to quickly recover. We substantially reduced bat populations on islands (e.g., from 2.1 bats/ha to 0.7 bats/ha) after a few nights of mist netting and recommend this procedure for managing bat populations. Bat populations should not be reduced below 0.25 bats/ha on islands in the Maldives

MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT BAT AND RAT POPULATIONS IN THE MALDIVE ISLANDS, INDIAN OCEAN

The introduced black rat (Rattus rattus) and the endemic giant fruit bat (Pteropus giganteus ariel) are serious depredators of coconuts and fruits, respectively, in the Maldives. Differences in reproductive rate between rats (high) and bats (low) must be considered in implementing control programs. We estimate a rat population can fully recover from an island-wide reduction of 90% in less than 6 months. In contrast, a bat population may require 6 years to recover from a 90% reduction. Crown-baiting of coconut palms with anticoagulant rodenticides is effective in reducing rat damage, but villagers have been reluctant to adopt recommended baiting programs, allowing rat populations to quickly recover. We substantially reduced bat populations on islands (e.g., from 2.1 bats/ha to 0.7 bats/ha) after a few nights of mist netting and recommend this procedure for managing bat populations. Bat populations should not be reduced below 0.25 bats/ha on islands in the Maldives