Shrimp quality response to chemical treatments

This study was undertaken to determine the penetration trend of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride into raw shrimp, and their effect on water-holding capacity, texture, and color of raw and cooked shrimp. Shrimp were treated with 5 percent tetra sodium pyrophosphate, 5 percent phosphoric acid, and 5 percent sodium chloride for five, 10, and 15 minutes. The penetration was determined by measuring the amount of phosphorus and chlorine at three levels (outer, intermediary, and center) of raw shrimp. Water-holding capacity was determined by measuring the area of the pressed juice of shrimp samples on a Harco-Hydraulic Press. Allo-Kramer Shear Press, with recorder attached, was used to determine the texture of the samples. The changes in the color of shrimp were recorded by color-eye. Under the experimental conditions reported in this study, several results were indicated. The concentration of tetra sodium pyrophosphate, phosphoric acid, and sodium chloride was highest in the outer layer and decreased toward the center. When compared with the control, both tetra sodium pyrophosphate, and sodium chloride improved the texture and water-holding capacity of shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, had a greater effect than sodium chloride. Phosphoric acid had an in-verse effect. Treatments did not differ markedly in their effect on the color of raw shrimp; however, tetra sodium pyrophosphate, differs markedly from the other treatments In Its effect on the whiteness of cooked shrimp

Use of Geometric Mean in Bioequivalence Trials

Bioequivalence data often do not follow the normality assumption on the linear (original) scale, therefore in that situation, the use of the logarithmic transformation is recommended. In the bioequivalence analysis, confusion arises about the use of geometric mean ratio when the logarithmic transformation is recommended by the regulatory authorities. The purpose of this research paper is to clear this confusion. Different average bioequivalence criteria are also reviewed in this paper

Study of the echoes of the Arabic story in Nigerian Arabic literature: Ilorin as a case study

The story is an art of prose literature. Arab writers and others have done valuable works of fiction, showing the extent of their artistic ability; however, this art has witnessed in the modern era developed and developed to add to it another form known - in Western literature - poetry story; which has no era - before - in literature Old Arab, and the poems appeared stories woven on the Western vein. After looking at the story in Arabic literature, this article looks at some of the echoes of the Arab story in Arabic literature, with an emphasis on what the thinkers of the city of Eulen produced as a living model reflecting the many stories that were presented at the Arab literature table in Nigeria. For a commendable effort by the writers of Nigeria to expand the Arabic language and create a clear atmosphere for artistic creativity and conscience

Economic Feasibility of Stand-Alone Wind Energy Hybrid with Bioenergy from Anaerobic Digestion for Electrification of Remote Area of Pakistan

Hybrid Renewable Energy systems (HRES) are gaining importance throughout the world because of the finite sources of oil and gas reservoirs. These have the great ability in the production of electrical energy and cleaning the environment. It is difficult to get grid electricity in the remote areas where no infrastructure exists. The utilization of renewable sources is the ultimate solution for the generation of electricity. In this paper, the economic modeling of Hybrid system consisting of Wind/biomass is explored for the remote area ‘Jangiah’ of Balochistan province, Pakistan. Anaerobic Digestion of biomass is used to get biogas. This source is used to complement the uncertainties in the wind production. Homer is used to simulate the hybrid model. Economic analysis is performed to get the net present value (NPV) and cost of energy. It is observed that wind/biomass alone is capable to meet the demand of community which consumes 60 kW peak daily along with the storage backup. This system is the most economical with COE equal to 0.118 US$/kWh following the hybrid biomass/wind/diesel system with COE 0.202 US$/kWh. The sensitivity analysis is carried out and shows that the proposed system is sensitive to the prices of fossil fuel and project lifespan. The net present value increases as the lifetime of the project increases from 15 years to 30 years. It can also be concluded that if the price of the diesel drops below 0.8 US$/liter, the traditional system using fossil fuels will become the most suitable system for the generation of electricity in remote areas

Investigation of indentation size effect and R-curve behaviour of Li2O–SiO2 and Li2O–2SiO2 glass ceramics

Indentation size effect (ISE) and R-curve behaviour of Li2O–SiO2 and Li2O–2SiO2 glass ceramics are investigated using micro-indentation and indentation-strength (IS) techniques, respectively. Vickers micro-indentations were applied on both materials at the load of 0.10–19.6 N to determine the load influence on the measured hardness. For the IS-measured fracture toughness, the load ranged from 1.96 to 19.6 N. The hardness decreased with increasing load by 20% and 18% on Li2O–SiO2 and Li2O–2SiO2 glass ceramics, respectively, indicating the ISE behaviour on both materials. The fracture toughness increased with the load by 27% and 59% on Li2O–SiO2 and Li2O–2SiO2 glass ceramics, respectively, signifying the R-curve behaviour. The ISE behaviour of both materials was analysed using the Meyer's, Hays–Kendall (HK), proportional specimen resistance (PSR), Nix–Gao (NG), modified PSR (MPSR) and elastic plastic deformation (EPD) models while the R-curve behaviour was analysed by the fractional power law. The Meyer's index of both materials was less than 2, strongly confirming the ISE existence. The HK, PSR and NG models were only suitable to determine intrinsic Vickers hardness for Li2O–2SiO2 glass ceramic while the MPSR and EPD models were successful for both materials. The fractional power law gave higher R-curve steepness for Li2O–2SiO2 than Li2O–SiO2 glass ceramics. Also, material and brittleness indices predicted, respectively, higher quasi-plasticity and better machinability for Li2O–2SiO2 than Li2O–SiO2 glass ceramics indicating superior performance in the former to the latter. Finally, this study presents a new significant insight into the micro-mechanisms of fracture tolerance behaviour of these glass ceramics which is critical to their functional performance as structural ceramics

Association of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress with Socio-demographic Characteristics among Preoperative Patients at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Karachi

Background: The preoperative period is known as one of the disturbing events. It habitually prompts cognitive, physiological, and emotional reactions. Depression, anxiety, and stress are considered emotional states usually found in preoperative surgical patients.Objective: To find out the frequency and association of depression, anxiety, and stress with socio-demographic variables among preoperative patients.Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study of 258 preoperative patients was conducted at Dow University Hospital and Dr.Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi from August 01, 2019, to July 31, 2020. Ethical approval was obtained before conducting the study. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-42 tool was used for the data collection. The data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Mean and frequency analyses were performed for demographic characteristics. Moreover, a chi-square test was performed to check the association of socio-demographic characteristics of study participants with depression, anxiety, and stress.Results: The majority of the participants (72.5%) in this study were male and 59.7% were between the ages of 20-35 years. The finding of this study revealed that most of the patients had moderate depression (43.02%), extreme anxiety (54.26%), and moderate stress 36.04%. Significant associations were found for depression with gender and monthly income, with a p-value of 0.035 and 0.003 respectively. Gender (p=0.021) and level of education (p=0.013) were significantly associated with stress levels.Conclusion: This study concluded that patients before surgeries had different levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Age is the only variable that showed a significant association with stress and depression. Furthermore, anxiety is the only domain that is not significantly associated with any demographic characteristics

Fracture studies on synthetic fiber reinforced cellular concrete using acoustic emission technique

Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) is increasingly used for low strength non-structural and structural applications. The effects of synthetic fiber reinforcement on the fracture behavior of CLC is investigated. In particular, acoustic emission (AE) technique is employed to study the influence of macro (structural), micro polyolefin synthetic fibers and their combinations on the fracture behavior of CLC beams. Notched fiber reinforced CLC beams were tested to study the crack initiation and propagation characteristics using AE sensors. Different AE parameters are correlated with the crack growth and damage accumulation. An attempt has been made to correlate the crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) with the number of AE hits. The variation of cumulative acoustic energy release of the cracks is studied with respect to applied load and CMOD. Three dimensional source location of cracks is carried out based on the AE events picked by the sensors bonded to the CLC specimens. The analysis of AE results indicates that the crack source location identification from AE is consistent with the actual crack development. Analysis of AE signals reveal that the CLC matrix cracking produces signals with less number of hits that lie in the notched plane in bending. Moreover, the signals from the post peak regime correspond to more number of hits which tend to be scattered around the plane of notch due to the fiber pull out