Steganography in Audio Using Wavelet and DES

In this paper, method of steganography in Audio is introduced for hiding secret data in audio media file (WAV). Hiding in audio becomes a challenging discipline, since the Human Auditory System is extremely sensitive. The proposed method is to embed the secret text message in frequency domain of audio file. The proposed method contained two stages: the first embedding phase and the second extraction phase. In embedding phase the audio file transformed from time domain to frequency domain using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only high frequency is used for hiding secreted message. The text message encrypted using Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. Finally; the Least Significant bit (LSB) algorithm used to hide secret message in high frequency. The proposed approach tested in different sizes of audio file and showed the success of hiding according to (PSNR) equation

Sialic Acid Is A Novel Biochemical Marker In Sera Of Iraqi Endometriotic Patients .

Sialic acids are nine carbon acidic sugars typically found as the terminal residue of cell surface sugar chains as well as on secreted glycoproteins and in the extracellular matrix. Structural diversity and unique strategic location of sialic acids (Sias) on the cells make them one of the most important molecules in life and set the challenges for sialoglycobiologist. An important facet of Sia biology is the function of Sia-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), receptors that are largely expressed across the major leukocyte lineages to mediate important innate and adaptive immune functions. A postulated autoimmune aetiology of endometriosis derives from reports on increased polyclonal B-cell activity, abnormalities in function of B and T cells, ,  high B-cell and T-cell counts, and reduced natural-killer-cell activity.Also, high serum concentrations of Igs autoantibodies . Sialic acid binding immunoglobulins (Ig)-like lectins (siglecs) belong to I-type lectin with a selective expression on the haematopoetic cell lineages. These have amazing structural diversity to recognize and interact with an array of linkage-specific sialic acids on a glycan structure express on host cells as well as pathogen. Fourteen human and nine murine siglecs have already been identified and the list is still increasing. Innate immune system is the first line of defense evolved during the years of evolution. This is responsible for controlling and clearing invading pathogens. The results of the present study indicate that Sialic acid is a novel biochemical marker related to the immune pathological alterations of endometriosis as shown in G1 and G3 . Also, the results showed the role of zoladex in alteration immune responses as shown in G2. Keywords Sialic acid . endometriosis . immunoglobulins . autoimmune diseases

Hepatitis B virus DNA in Blood Donors Positive of Anti-Hepatitis B Core Antibodies and Negative for Surface Antigen in Hawler Major Blood Bank, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Background: Occult Hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) among blood donors is an important medical concern. Objectives: This study was done to detect the presence of occult hepatitis B virus infections among blood donors with negative hepatitis B surface antigen and positive total anti-hepatitis B core antibodies in Hawler Major Blood Bank in Hawler city/Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Methods: A total number of 12,185 blood donors in Hawler Major Blood Bank were screened for HBsAg and total anti-HBcAb using ELISA technique, and then positive results were retested by confirmatory technique by Chemiluminescence assay. All HBsAg-/HBcAb+ were selected as the study group; HBV DNA was tested among HBsAg-/HBcAb+ by conventional PCR and Real time-PCR. Clinical and demographic data of study group were recorded. Results: Among the 12,185 blood donors, HBsAg was positive in 27 (0.22%) donors using Chemiluminescence assay, the frequency of HBs Ag -/ HBc Ab+ was 276 (2.27%), and then the total prevalence of HBV infection in all blood donors was 2.49%. Among the 276 HBs Ag-/HBcAb+, occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) was positive in 39.1% (108/276) using conventional PCR and Real time-PCR techniques, while the prevalence among all blood donors (n=12,185) was 0.09%. Testing of HBV-DNA in HBs Ag -/ HBc Ab+ group for OBI was done by qualitative PCR (positive HBV-DNA=102/276) or by quantitative Real time-PCR (positive HBV-DNA=108/276). Conclusions: The OBI is frequently detected among blood donors in Hawler city especially those have HBsAg-/HBcAb+, and the total anti-HBcAb is an essential serological marker for screening HBV among blood donors. The risk factors for developing OBI among blood donors should be elucidated

Studying of (Chemical ,Physical ,Biological) –Applications of Oxo- Sulfur Derivatives

In previously  work of our  paper , we synthesized several organic   compound , but  in this  paper  we  will  study  some  chemical  applications like (  DSC – Analysis , Solubility in different solvents , chromatography behavior ) for some compounds  and   biological  applications against  three type of bacteria  and  two  types  of  fungi  towards some  compound [1- 10 ]. Keywords: application  , behavior

AgroSupportAnalytics: big data recommender system for agricultural farmer complaints in Egypt

The world’s agricultural needs are growing with the pace of increase in its population. Agricultural farmers play a vital role in our society by helping us in fulfilling our basic food needs. So, we need to support farmers to keep up their great work, even in difficult times such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which causes hard regulations like lockdowns, curfews, and social distancing procedures. In this article, we propose the development of a recommender system that assists in giving advice, support, and solutions for the farmers’ agricultural related complaints (or queries). The proposed system is based on the latent semantic analysis (LSA) approach to find the key semantic features of words used in agricultural complaints and their solutions. Further, it proposes to use the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with Hadoop to classify the large agriculture dataset over Map/Reduce framework. The results show that a semantic-based classification system and filtering methods can improve the recommender system. Our proposed system outperformed the existing interest recommendation models with an accuracy of 87%

Arabic semantic similarity approach for farmers’ complaints

Semantic similarity is applied for many areas in Natural Language Processing, such as information retrieval, text classification, plagiarism detection, and others. Many researchers used semantic similarity for English texts, but few used for Arabic due to the ambiguity of Arabic concepts in both sense and morphology. Therefore, the first contribution in this paper is developing a semantic similarity approach between Arabic sentences. Nowadays, the world faces a global problem of coronavirus disease. In light of these circumstances and distancing’s imposition, it is difficult for farmers to physically communicate with agricultural experts to provide advice and find suitable solutions for their agricultural complaints. In addition, traditional practices still are used by most farmers. Thus, our second contribution is helping the farmers solve their Arabic agricultural complaints using our proposed approach. The Latent Semantic Analysis approach is applied to retrieve the most problem-related semantic to a farmer’s complaint and find the related solution for the farmer. Two methods are used in this approach as a weighting schema for data representation are Term Frequency and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency. The proposed model has also classified the big agricultural dataset and the submitted farmer complaint according to the crop type using MapReduce Support Vector Machine to improve the performance of semantic similarity results. The proposed approach’s performance with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency-based Latent Semantic Analysis achieved better than its counterparts with an F-measure of 86.7%

AgroSupportAnalytics: Big data recommender system for agricultural farmer complaints in Egypt

The world's agricultural needs are growing with the pace of increase in its population. Agricultural farmers play a vital role in our society by helping us in fulfilling our basic food needs. So, we need to support farmers to keep up their great work, even in difficult times such as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, which causes hard regulations like lockdowns, curfews, and social distancing procedures. In this article, we propose the development of a recommender system that assists in giving advice, support, and solutions for the farmers' agricultural related complaints (or queries). The proposed system is based on the latent semantic analysis (LSA) approach to find the key semantic features of words used in agricultural complaints and their solutions. Further, it proposes to use the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm with Hadoop to classify the large agriculture dataset over Map/Reduce framework. The results show that a semantic-based classification system and filtering methods can improve the recommender system. Our proposed system outperformed the existing interest recommendation models with an accuracy of 87%

The anti-obesity potential of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles against high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats: possible involvement of mitochondrial biogenesis in the adipose tissues

Obesity is a pandemic disease that is rapidly growing into a serious health problem and has economic impact on healthcare systems. This bleak image has elicited creative responses, and nanotechnology is a promising approach in obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on a high-fat-diet rat model of obesity and compared their effect to a traditional anti-obesity drug (orlistat). Methods: The obese rats were treated daily with orlistat and/or SPIONs once per week for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. Then, the animals were sacrificed to obtain white adipose tissues (WAT) and brown adipose tissues (BAT) for assessment of the expression of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN). Results: For the first time, we reported promising ameliorating effects of SPIONs treatments against weight gain, hyperglycemia, adiponectin, leptin, and dyslipidemia in obese rats. At the molecular level, surprisingly, SPIONs treatments markedly corrected the disturbed expression and protein content of inflammatory markers and parameters controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and functions in BAT and WAT. Conclusions: SPIONs have a powerful anti-obesity effect by acting as an inducer of WAT browning and activator of BAT functions

Estimation of an Individual Stature Using Foot, Foot Outlines and Footprint Measurements in Adult Saudi Population

Identification of an individual is considered one of the fundamental challenges for forensic scientists, especially from dismembered and mutilated body parts. To limit the pool of conceivable suspects in the forensic investigation process, footprints and foot outlines found at the crime scene are used to ease estimation of stature. The current study aimed to estimate individual stature using foot, foot outline and footprint measurements in a Saudi Arabian population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on two hundred healthy medical students from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tabuk in Saudi Arabia. Stature measurements and eight foot, foot outline and footprint measurements were taken from both sides. Saudi adult males were significantly taller than Saudi females. All measurement values were significantly higher in adult males than in adult females. Most measurements were considered to be positively correlated with stature in both sexes. Regression equations and multiple regression equations for stature determination from all measurements in both male and females on both sides were created. This study has demonstrated the reliability and utility of foot, foot outline and footprint measurements in stature estimation in a Saudi Arabian population that comparable standards developed from foot bones