Professionalization; Electoral campaigns; Professionalization level; Political communication; Indicators; Colombia.

An indicator is proposed that measures the degree of professionalization of presidential campaigns in political systems where there is high personalization and low institutionalization of political parties. The professionalization of Colombia’s 2014 presidential campaign is measured: describing both the organizational dimension and internal structure of the campaign, and the communication strategy used to persuade the voters. Dimensions and categories are established that show the development and evolution of the techniques used in the presidential campaign

Proposal of an indicator to measure the professionalization of election campaigns: The case of Colombia

An indicator is proposed that measures the degree of professionalization of presidential campaigns in political systems where there is high personalization and low institutionalization of political parties. The professionalization of Colombia’s 2014 presidential campaign is measured: describing both the organizational dimension and internal structure of the campaign, and the communication strategy used to persuade the voters. Dimensions and categories are established that show the development and evolution of the techniques used in the presidential campaign

Nomogram-based prediction of survival in patients with advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma receiving first-line chemotherapy: a multicenter prospective study in the era of trastuzumab

Background: To develop and validate a nomogram and web-based calculator to predict overall survival (OS) in Caucasian-advanced oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma (AOA) patients undergoing first-line combination chemotherapy. Methods: Nine hundred twenty-four AOA patients treated at 28 Spanish teaching hospitals from January 2008 to September 2014 were used as derivation cohort. The result of an adjusted-Cox proportional hazards regression was represented as a nomogram and web-based calculator. The model was validated in 502 prospectively recruited patients treated between October 2014 and December 2016. Harrell's c-index was used to evaluate discrimination. Results: The nomogram includes seven predictors associated with OS: HER2-positive tumours treated with trastuzumab, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, number of metastatic sites, bone metastases, ascites, histological grade, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Median OS was 5.8 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.5–6.6), 9.4 (95% CI, 8.5–10.6), and 14 months (95% CI, 11.8–16) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the derivation set and 4.6 (95% CI, 3.3–8.1), 12.7 (95% CI, 11.3–14.3), and 18.3 months (95% CI, 14.6–24.2) for high-, intermediate-, and low-risk groups, respectively (P<0.001), in the validation set. The nomogram is well-calibrated and reveals acceptable discriminatory capacity, with optimism-corrected c-indices of 0.618 (95% CI, 0.591–0.631) and 0.673 (95% CI, 0.636–0.709) in derivation and validation groups, respectively. The AGAMENON nomogram outperformed the Royal Marsden Hospital (c-index=0.583; P=0.00046) and Japan Clinical Oncology Group prognostic indices (c-index=0.611; P=0.03351). Conclusions: We developed and validated a straightforward model to predict survival in Caucasian AOA patients initiating first-line polychemotherapy. This model can contribute to inform clinical decision-making and optimise clinical trial design

Nivel de desarrollo conceptual de los textos escolares del área de Lenguaje del grado sexto con relación a los Estándares Básicos de Competencias y Lineamientos Curriculares

La presente investigación se planteó como objetivo, valorar los textos escolares del área de lenguaje del grado sexto, usados por el docente titular, como apoyo didáctico- pedagógico para la enseñanza de la lengua castellana y el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas relacionadas con el uso del lenguaje, con relación a los estándares básicos de competencias y lineamientos curriculares, de los educandos de la Institución Educativa San Juan Bautista de la Salle perteneciente al municipio de Sincé-Sucre. El tipo de investigación fue cualitativa, en la que primó un carácter cualitativo-descriptivo de acuerdo con la finalidad del mismo, caracterizando los datos descriptivos a través de observación e interacción directa entre el investigador y el objeto de estudio. Así mismo la población la constituyeron 41 estudiantes, de ambos sexos entre 11 y 13 años de edad del grado sexto del nivel de básica secundaria. A su vez, los resultados mostraron que se logró afianzar conceptos, resolver problemas en cuanto a identificación, apropiación y utilización del lenguaje figurado en las expresiones orales y escritas de los estudiantes. Además permitió establecer que los educandos reconozcan que en la producción, interpretación y comprensión textual hay beneficios que les permiten descubrir por si mismos el valor de expresar lo que sienten y piensan.PregradoLicenciado(a) en Educación Básica con Énfasis en Humanidade

Morbilidad oral en pacientes atendidos en la facultad de odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena

Trabajo de investigación. -- Universidad de Cartagena. Facultad de Odontología, 1982A través de los años la labor docente y asistencial de la facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Cartagena, se ha efectuado en forma silenciosa y sin la oportunidad de realizar un estudio sobre la frecuencia de determinado tipo de lesiones, trastornos del desarrollo, anomalías o hallazgo más comunes de nuestra región, exceptuando caries, periodontopatias y maloclusiones, que permita establecer de manera más o menos precisa, cuales son las más frecuentes y buscar su factor etiológico en nuestra condiciones objetivas, ya que este es un sector geográfico con costumbres, hábitos, alimentación, clima, etc., diferentes a las del resto del país, del continente En el departamento de Bolívar existen dos sistemas de atención en salud, institucional y tradicional, al primero corresponde todas las entidades del sector salud, sobre el tradicional recae buena parte de la atención de las necesidades de la salud a la comunidad, especialmente de las clases trabajadoras corresponde a los niveles socio-económico culturales inferiores, empleando para ello procedimientos y recursos propios de las comunidades firmemente arraigados a la cultura local y que por consiguiente gozan de la aceptación y de apoyo de los mismo. Las necesidades por servicio odontológico crecen en nuestro medio más rápido que los recursos humanos y físicos disponibles. Este desequilibrio sirvió de motivación para realizar el presente trabajo como un diagnóstico de la situación en Salud Oral

Infestación por miasis buco nasofaríngea: a propósito de un caso Infection by bucconasopharingeal myiasis: on the purpose of a case

La miasis es la infestación de animales vertebrados y humanos con larvas de dípteros, las cuales, por lo menos durante un cierto periodo de tiempo, se alimentan de tejidos vivos y muertos, líquidos corporales o alimentos ingeridos del hospedero. La miasis bucal es una condición rara no reportada en nuestro medio frecuentemente, y se describe asociada a factores como la pobre higiene oral, nivel socioeconómico bajo, alcoholismo e indigencia. Se presentó el caso de un paciente de 83 años, masculino, de color de piel blanca, con antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica e hipertensión arterial, quien luego de una pérdida accidental por el bosque, estuvo obligado a dormir al aire libre sin ningún tipo de protección, durante tres noches, y a beber agua estancada. Llegó al cuerpo de guardia del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico Comandante Faustino Pérez Hernández, en Matanzas, con un cuadro de disnea, lesiones linguales y del paladar, así como expectoración sanguinolenta con abundantes larvas. Se decide llevar al quirófano para la limpieza mecánica de las lesiones presentes.The myiasis is the infection of vertebrate animals and humans with insects' larvae that, during certain period of time, feed on the living and death tissues, body fluids or the foods eaten by the host. The buccal myiasis is a rare condition that is not frequently reported in our settings. We describe it associated to factors like poor oral hygiene, low socioeconomical level, alcoholism and destitution. We present the case of a male, white patient, aged 83 years old, with antecedents of ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension, who, after an incidental lost in the woods, had to sleep outdoors without any protections, during three days and to drink stagnant water. He arrived at the emergency unit of the University Clinico-Surgical Hospital Comandante Faustino Perez, in Matanzas, with clinical features of dyspnea, lingual and palatal lesions, and also bloody expectoration with plentiful larvae. We decided to carry up a surgery to clean mechanically the lesions he had

Ca-Alginate-PEGMA Hydrogels for In Situ Delivery of TGF-β Neutralizing Antibodies in a Mouse Model of Wound Healing

Hydrogels provide effective alternatives for drug delivery when therapeutics cannot be applied directly to a wound, or if adverse effects are associated with systemic administration. However, drug delivery vehicles need to be biocompatible and biodegradable and exhibit sufficient mechanical strength to withstand handling and different physiological conditions, such as those encountered during topical administration of a therapeutic. Wound healing can be divided into three phases stimulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-&beta;) and, subsequently, targeted therapeutics have been developed to inhibit this cytokine for the treatment of chronic wounds and to prevent scarring. In this study, the capacity of calcium alginate hydrogels plasticized with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) to deliver anti-TGF-&beta; antibodies (1D11.16.8) to a wound was investigated in situ. Three levels of antibodies, 10, 50, and 100 &mu;g, were loaded into calcium-alginate-PEGMA hydrogels and evaluated in an excisional wound model in mice. Hydrogels containing 50 and 100 &mu;g 1D11.16.8 produced less inflammation, accompanied by a marked reduction in collagen deposition and cell infiltration. These findings demonstrate the capacity of calcium-alginate-PEGMA hydrogels to deliver larger proteins, such as antibodies, to the site of a wound

Prognostic significance of performing universal HER2 testing in cases of advanced gastric cancer.

Trastuzumab significantly improves overall survival (OS) when added to cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine as a treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancers (AGC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the gradual implementation of HER2 testing on patient prognosis in a national registry of AGC. This Spanish National Cancer Registry includes cases who were consecutively recruited at 28 centers from January 2008 to January 2016. The effect of missing HER2 status was assessed using stratified Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression. The rate of HER2 testing increased steadily over time, from 58.3 % in 2008 to 92.9 % in 2016. HER2 was positive in 194 tumors (21.3 %). In the stratified Cox PH regression, each 1 % increase in patients who were not tested for HER2 at the institutions was associated with an approximately 0.3 % increase in the risk of death: hazard ratio, 1.0035 (CI 95 %, 1.001-1.005), P = 0.0019. Median OS was significantly lower at institutions with the highest proportions of patients who were not tested for HER2. Patients treated at centers that took longer to implement HER2 testing exhibited worse clinical outcomes. The speed of implementation behaves as a quality-of-care indicator. Reviewed guidelines on HER2 testing should be used to achieve this goal in a timely manner

Publicación: Prognostic significance of performing universal HER2 testing in cases of advanced gastric cancer

Trastuzumab significantly improves overall survival (OS) when added to cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine as a treatment for HER2-positive advanced gastric cancers (AGC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the gradual implementation of HER2 testing on patient prognosis in a national registry of AGC. This Spanish National Cancer Registry includes cases who were consecutively recruited at 28 centers from January 2008 to January 2016. The effect of missing HER2 status was assessed using stratified Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression. The rate of HER2 testing increased steadily over time, from 58.3 % in 2008 to 92.9 % in 2016. HER2 was positive in 194 tumors (21.3 %). In the stratified Cox PH regression, each 1 % increase in patients who were not tested for HER2 at the institutions was associated with an approximately 0.3 % increase in the risk of death: hazard ratio, 1.0035 (CI 95 %, 1.001-1.005), P = 0.0019. Median OS was significantly lower at institutions with the highest proportions of patients who were not tested for HER2. Patients treated at centers that took longer to implement HER2 testing exhibited worse clinical outcomes. The speed of implementation behaves as a quality-of-care indicator. Reviewed guidelines on HER2 testing should be used to achieve this goal in a timely manner