Analiza zależności między wynikami sportowymi a stopami zwrotu przedsiębiorstw zaangażowanych w sponsoring sportowy

The article is a short study of the importance of non-economic factors in the fluctuation of rates of return of sponsors’ stocks quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The authors focus on the correlations between sport results of Polish football clubs and rates of return of stocks of stock exchange companies. Dynamic econometric models assuming heteroscedasticity of a random coefficient are used.Artykuł jest krótkim studium o znaczeniu czynników nieekonomicznych w kształtowaniu się stóp zwrotu z akcji spółek sponsorskich na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie. W pracy skupiono się na związkach między wynikami sportowymi klubów piłkarskich a stopami zwrotu spółek giełdowych. Wykorzystano tu dynamiczne modele ekonometryczne zakładające heteroskedastyczność składnika losowego

Investment appraisal practice in the biggest companies in Poland

Purpose: The preliminary research carried out in 2020 in the group of the largest public companies in Poland was to check whether these companies use the NPV method and whether the method of assessing investment proposals is consistent with the indications of the theory. Design/Methodology/Approach: An empirical research was conducted in Poland in 2020 by interviews with management board members responsible for investment decisions, representing the largest public companies in Poland, information was obtained about the organization of the process of evaluating investment proposals. Findings: The survey confirmed the popularity of NPV application in the largest public companies in Poland, as all surveyed entities use this method. It is also no surprise that as many as 93.3% of the surveyed companies use IRR. What is surprising, however, is the frequency of using the payback period commonly criticized in the theory as a project evaluation criterion. This method is used by 80.0% of the largest public companies. Originality/value: This survey is one of the few studies on investment appraisal procedures in the largest Polish public companies.peer-reviewe

Rainwater quality analysis for its potential recovery: a case study on its usage for swimming pools in Poland

© 2023 The Authors. Published by MDPI. This is an open access article available under a Creative Commons licence. The published version can be accessed at the following link on the publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152015037This paper describes the possibility of using rainwater for filling artificial swimming pools in Poland. The overall purpose of this study is to understand whether the quality of rainwater collected from roofs would be suitable for use in the swimming pools without any additional treatment. The rainwater samples were collected from five areas in the Silesian region and analysed for a number of physico-chemical parameters. The results show that the content of nitrates met Polish standards, whereas the standards set for pH and turbidity would only be met after the water had undergone the treatment process which takes place in every swimming pool installation. The paper further compares rainwater data from this study with the corresponding data for drinking water and groundwater. It shows that the content of ammonia, some metals (Ni, Cr and Mn) and a semimetal are in line with the parameters used for drinking water and are a lot lower compared to those set for groundwater. However, the results indicated some possible consequences which might be harmful for swimming pool users. These include the adverse effects of zinc and other organic micropollutants which are classified as contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). These may form dangerous byproducts in the presence of the chlorine, the use of which is required by the standards to be applied for swimming pool disinfection purposes.This research was funded by NATIONAL CENTRE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, grant number LIDER13/0126/2022

Analysis of Free and Combined Chlorine Concentrations in Swimming Pool Water and an Attempt to Determine a Reliable Water Sampling Point

The analysis of free chlorine concentrations in swimming pool water makes it possible to assess the antiseptic effect of the disinfectant. The concentration of combined chlorine determines the comfort of swimming and indicates if there is a threat from DBP (disinfection by-products). The distribution of free and combined chlorine concentration was analyzed in four basins differing in seasonality of use and in the applied water flow systems. After considering the distribution of free and combined chlorine content in characteristic points of pools, an attempt was made to determine the most reliable point for assessing the quality of water and its suitability for swimming. Such searches should aim to identify the places with the worst water quality. The most uniform distribution of the concentrations of both free and combined chlorine was observed at the middle point of swimming pools, while at points near the corners and walls of swimming pools a varied distribution was observed. Such a control strategy, based on the least favorable test results at a point considered as characteristic, would make it possible to verify the parameters of the swimming pool water treatment system and thus minimize the risk to swimmers’ health

The Occurrence of Unfavorable Phenomena in Swimming Pool Water

The study assessed unfavorable phenomena occurring in swimming pool water, including the occurrence of organic micropollutants in swimming pools and the transformation of these compounds during the swimming pool water treatment processes. The presence of three selected compounds was examined from the personal care products group (PCP) in pool water samples, collected in 2018 and 2019, from fifteen pools characterized using three different solutions of swimming pool water treatment systems. In addition, experimental studies on the effects of UV radiation and ozone on selected organic micropollutants, previously identified in swimming pools and the relationship between swimming pool water turbidity and the concentration of the selected PCP micropollutants, were carried ou