Correlation Between Morphometric Parameters of Maxillary Sinus and Nasal Aperture as an Aid to Forensic Identification Using Cone Beam Ct: A Pilot Study

Purpose: Bone remodelling of the cranium determines the enlargement of the maxillary sinus. The process involves the resorption of the internal walls of the maxillary sinus minutely exceeding the growth of maxilla. During this process, there is bone deposition taking place at the medial border of the nasal cavity, and simultaneous resorption of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. There are very few studies which depict the correlation of the growth of the maxillary sinus with that of changes in the dimensions of the nasal aperture. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine, compare and correlate the three- dimensional morphometric parameters of the maxillary sinus and nasal aperture in Karnataka and Kerala population, to utilize the data for the purpose of individual identification, sexual dimorphism or any other application in the field of forensic facial reconstruction and /or human identification. Materials and Methodology: This pilot study has been carried out by morphometric measurements between the Craniometric landmarks of the maxillary sinus and nasal aperture of 30 subjects, aged between 18 to 30 years. Results: Morphometric parameters of maxillary sinus and nasal aperture were seen to be statistically significant in few groups on comparision which can be applies for sexual dimorphism. Conclusion: Maxillary sinuses have been reported to stay intact even though the skull and other bones of the cranium may be severely disfigured in victims who are incinerated or during external trauma. These morphometric measurements of maxillary sinus like the width, the depth, and the height which aid to investigate the accuracy and reliability of maxillary sinuses can also be used for sex estimation. These dimensions can be correlated with the measurements of the nasal aperture and this will also give an insight into the development of the cranium. These measurements are also important anthropometric parameters for classifying the race and sex of the individual whose identity is unknown

Atypical Presentation of Lateral Periodontal Cyst in an Elderly Female Patient - A Rare Case Report

The lateral periodontal lateral cyst (LPC) is a uncommon developmental odontogenic cyst defined as a radiolucent lesion which develops along the lateral aspect of an erupted vital tooth. LPC represents approximately 0.8% to 2% of all odontogenic cysts .The most frequently reported location of a lateral periodontal cyst is the mandibular canine premolar area, followed by the anterior region of the maxilla. Lateral periodontal cyst is usually asymptomatic and presents as a round, oval or teardrop-like well-circumscribed interradicular radiolucent area, usually with a sclerotic margin lying between the apex and cervical margin of the teeth . The lateral periodontal cyst usually is seen in the fifth to sixth decade of life with a male preponderance. This paper reports an unusual and an atypical case of an inter radicular radiolucent cystic lesion in located between the mandibular central incisor and canine area in an 87 year old female patient mimicking clinically and radiographically as an residual cyst but histopathologically confirmed as an lateral periodontal cyst.DOI: 10.14693/jdi.v23i1.96

Estimation of salivary cortisol level in post-menopausal women with psychosomatic disorders

Background: Stress is an undesirable or health threatening response of the body, which is brought on by deleterious external influences (stressors). Objective measurement of psychosocial stress helps in assessment of pivotal role of stress in precipitation of multitude of health problems and a solution to the same. Salivary biomarkers are suggested to provide a reliable and non-invasive method for the estimation of these general health problems. Salivary cortisol is such biomarker used as tool in the examination of human physiological stress response. Post-menopausal women show an increase in stress levels and hence suffer with multiple health related problems. Hence the present study aimed to estimate salivary cortisol levels in post-menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders of the head and neck region, so as to establish salivary cortisol as a biochemical indicator of stress.Methods: Thorough intra-oral and extra-oral examination was performed to check for the presence of psychosomatic disorder of head and neck. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 100 post-menopausal women with and 100 without clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders through ‘Spit Technique’. Salivary cortisol was estimated using ELISA method.Results: The results were statistically significant as they showed that the salivary cortisol was in higher levels in post- menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders.Conclusion: The geriatric patients feel that they have very little skills or resources to deal with the high levels of stress that they are experiencing and hence suffer from lack of self-worth. The results of this study recommend that stress evaluation should be done on a regular basis for all post- menopausal women. For individuals who do not reveal their psychological distress, salivary analysis of cortisol may be used as an aid to diagnose their situation in conjunction with clinical diagnosis.Keywords: Post-menopausal women, psychosomatic disorder, head and neck, salivary cortisol, biomarker

A CASE REPORT OF TRANSORAL REMOVAL OF SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND SIALOLITH

Salivary calculus or sialolithiasis is a disease that affects the salivary glands characterized by the formation of mineralized structures within the glandular substance or excretory ducts of the salivary gland. The formation of these salivary stones is due to the crystallization of minerals in saliva. It causes blockage of salivary ducts and results in painful inflammation or sialadenitis of the salivary gland. Among the salivary glands submandibular gland has highest incidence of sialolithiasis due its anatomic features. The patient commonly experiences pain and/or edema when the ducts are obstructed. The case report presented here is of sialolithiasis of submandibular gland which had caused pain and swelling in the floor of the mouth

Application of 3-D Imaging in a Familial Case of Cleidocranial Dysplasia

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare inherited disorder affecting dental and skeletal tissues. CCD usually has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance and common clinical features seen are aplastic or hypoplastic clavicles, late closure of fontanelle, open skull sutures, retained deciduous teeth, late eruption of permanent teeth and presence of multiple impacted supernumerary teeth. Here, we present a case of CCD in a female patient with positive family history. The diagnosis was confirmed clinically and radiographically. The newer radiographic advancement, CBCT was used to validate the radiographic findings

A Rare Clinical Presentation of an Osteochondroma of Coronoid Process of Mandible

Osteochondroma (osteocartilaginous exostosis) is one of the most common benign tumors of bone but is rare in the craniofacial region. Only a few cases of osteochondroma of the coronoid process have been reported in the literature, since the time of its discovery (osteochondroma of a coronoid process) by Jacob in 1899. We present a case of osteochondroma of the left coronoid process in a 16-year-old female patient. Contrary to the literature, our patient had no limited mouth opening despite a close approximation of left hyperplastic coronoid process with zygomatic arch, making it a unique case among similar cases. Plain radiography can be used for this hyperplastic condition but due to its inherent distortion and being only two-dimensional (2D) it has a limited diagnostic advantage. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was employed for necessary diagnostic information. We managed our patient with an intraoral coronoidectomy

COVID-19 PANDEMIC – A REVIEW WITH A DENTAL PERSPECTIVE

Novel betacoronavirus is a recent threat to the global health. It has been identified as the cause of the outbreak of respiratory illness that originated in the city of Wuhan, China and has spread rapidly to several other countries within a short span of time. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces from an infected person, saliva of infected persons has also shown shedding of live virus. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 can range from mild to severe and can even progress to ARDS and septic shock leading to death. All health care professionals including dental surgeons are at a high risk of acquiring the infection. Dental clinics and hospitals carry a high risk of cross-infection. Aggressive preventive and personal protective measures help in preventing exposure to the infection. Dental professionals should adopt various specific preventive methods and treatment strategies to prevent the spread of the infection in a dental setup

Estimation of salivary cortisol level in post-menopausal women with psychosomatic disorders

Background: Stress is an undesirable or health threatening response of the body, which is brought on by deleterious external influences (stressors). Objective measurement of psychosocial stress helps in assessment of pivotal role of stress in precipitation of multitude of health problems and a solution to the same. Salivary biomarkers are suggested to provide a reliable and non-invasive method for the estimation of these general health problems. Salivary cortisol is such biomarker used as tool in the examination of human physiological stress response. Post-menopausal women show an increase in stress levels and hence suffer with multiple health related problems. Hence the present study aimed to estimate salivary cortisol levels in post-menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders of the head and neck region, so as to establish salivary cortisol as a biochemical indicator of stress. Methods: Thorough intra-oral and extra-oral examination was performed to check for the presence of psychosomatic disorder of head and neck. Unstimulated saliva was collected from 100 post-menopausal women with and 100 without clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders through \u2018Spit Technique\u2019. Salivary cortisol was estimated using ELISA method. Results: The results were statistically significant as they showed that the salivary cortisol was in higher levels in post- menopausal women with clinically diagnosed psychosomatic disorder/disorders. Conclusion: The geriatric patients feel that they have very little skills or resources to deal with the high levels of stress that they are experiencing and hence suffer from lack of self-worth. The results of this study recommend that stress evaluation should be done on a regular basis for all post- menopausal women. For individuals who do not reveal their psychological distress, salivary analysis of cortisol may be used as an aid to diagnose their situation in conjunction with clinical diagnosis

Intramuscular hemangioma of masseter muscle: A report of unique case

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Even though hemangiomas are prevalent tumors in the region of head and neck, they are comparatively rare inside the mouth and less frequently detected by dental professionals. Therefore, the aim of this case report is to present such a rare variation of hemangioma manifested within the substance of the masseter muscle. CASE REPORT: We report a unique case of intramuscular hemangioma of masseter muscle in a 26-year-old woman complained of growth and swelling in the right cheek since 6-8 months before. The growth was surgical excised and diagnosed histopathologically as intramuscular mixed capillary with cavernous hemangioma. CONCLUSION: Hemangiomas are rarely seen intramuscularly. This case presents an intramuscular hemangioma occurring within the masseter muscle. Early detection and management is required in order to avoid the potential complications associated with it. KEYWORDS: Capillary; Cavernous; Hemangioma; Vascular Malformation; Benign Tumo

Pyogenic granuloma of the incisive papilla: A rare case report

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive growth commonly found in the oral cavity and skin. It is benign in origin and may arise due to factors like trauma, local minor irritation and an imbalance in the levels of hormones. Oral pyogenic granuloma occurs commonly in young females in second decade of their life possibly due to hormonal influences leading to changes in the vascular system. Oral pyogenic granuloma presents itself as a smooth or lobulated growth, mostly pedunculated but occasionally with a sessile growth. The colour of pyogenic granuloma may vary from pink, red and purple and this variation in colour is related to the age of the lesion. Clinically the most common site for oral pyogenic granuloma is gingiva, lips, tongue and buccal mucosa. This report presents a unique location for oral pyogenic granuloma at incisive papilla. Palatal pyogenic granuloma is rarely reported