Designing bound states in a band as a model for a quantum network

We provide a model of a one dimensional quantum network, in the framework of a lattice using Von Neumann and Wigner's idea of bound states in a continuum. The localized states acting as qubits are created by a controlled deformation of a periodic potential. These wave functions lie at the band edges and are defects in a lattice. We propose that these defect states, with atoms trapped in them, can be realized in an optical lattice and can act as a model for a quantum network.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure

THD ANALYSIS IN THREE PHASE-THREE LEVEL VSI WITH MPPT TRACKER AND SEPIC CONVERTER FOR SOLAR PV ARRAY

This paper deals with the analysis of total harmonic distortion in three phase three level voltage source inverter (VSI) for the solar photovoltaic array. The Voltage source inverter as used in high power applications here we are using for the Renewable Energy as Application. The result for the Voltage Source Inverter will be quasi square wave or square wave. The Harmonics will be high if we are using the low level inverter. The 1200 or 1800 are the two modes of operation for voltage source inverter and its choose based upon its application. The MPPT technique is used to get the maximum power from the Solar PV. The SEPIC converter is DC-DC converter in which it can operates either buck or boost modes and it eliminates the ripples by using the filter. In order to improve the efficiency the SEPIC and Perturb and Observe Technique is used. The focus of the paper is to analyze and reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion with the MPPT Technique and DC-DC converter and its connected to the Grid. The simulation results for the paper and the THD values are calculated for voltage source inverter (VSI) are given below [13], [14]

Exceptional orthogonal polynomials, QHJ formalism and SWKB quantization condition

We study the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi (QHJ) equation of the recently obtained exactly solvable models, related to the newly discovered exceptional polynomials and show that the QHJ formalism reproduces the exact eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions. The fact that the eigenfunctions have zeros and poles in complex locations leads to an unconventional singularity structure of the quantum momentum function $p(x)$, the logarithmic derivative of the wave function, which forms the crux of the QHJ approach to quantization. A comparison of the singularity structure for these systems with the known exactly solvable and quasi-exactly solvable models reveals interesting differences. We find that the singularities of the momentum function for these new potentials lie between the above two distinct models, sharing similarities with both of them. This prompted us to examine the exactness of the supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) quantization condition. The interesting singularity structure of $p(x)$ and of the superpotential for these models has important consequences for the SWKB rule and in our proof of its exactness for these quantal systems.Comment: 10 pages with 1 table,i figure. Errors rectified, manuscript rewritten, new references adde

Development of material models to predict the crashworthiness of tubes

Metallic tubes have been extensively studied for their crashworthiness as they closely resemble automotive crash rails. Recently, the demand to produce light weight yet safer vehicles has led to the need to understand the behaviour of novel materials such as composites, metallic foams and sandwich structures durign a crash. This paper presents a method to predict the crashworthiness of structural components using material modes. The material factors that most affect the crushing response are determined and quantified by developing and validating the crushing of a square tube model in Abaqus. The inputs from the model are used to construct a simple, physically realistic constitutive model and new test methods for predicting the material behaviour at high strain rates using low test speeds. These material models enable a designer to predict the crash behaviour of a structure without the need to perform extensive physical tests, thus reducing the time and cost of development

Design and Development of Proliposomal Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery of Antihypertensive Drug

The objective of the present study was to Design and Development of Proliposomal Dry Powder Inhalation for Pulmonary Delivery of Antihypertensive Drug. The oral recommended dose for AT tablet is between 25 and 100 mg, twice daily. Conventional oral administration usually results in erratic drug concentrations in plasma because of Atenolol lower permeability, leading to dose dumping and reduction in the pharmacological effect or development of undesirable side effects. Hence, considering these disadvantages inhalatory administration of atenolol is considered one of the main alternative non-invasive drug delivery route and it is particularly interesting for cardiac targeting. This is because during absorption, drugs are predominantly first transported to the heart via the pulmonary vein. Pulmonary epithelium is relatively extensive and widely vascularised. In addition, there is little presence of efflux transporters, which favours drug absorption. So preparing a targeted drug delivery system in terms of atenolol proliposomes could be an interesting alternative option to directly reach the cardiac tissue and decrease systemic exposure. Via this route, onset of action can be relatively fast, metabolic enzymes levels are lower compared to hepatic ones. Hence the drug, even with different physicochemical properties can be absorbed. In addition, pulmonary administration route exerts may advantages as alveolar membrane is extremely thin and highly permeable so the pulmonary absorption of different APIs also possible. Hence Atenolol proliposomes were prepared and optimized using Box-Behnken Design is justifiable. Atenolol proliposomes were prepared by using various concentration ratio of SPC (2, 4 & 6g) and Cholesterol (2, 4 & 6g) and stirring speed (170, 220 & 270 rpm) with response of particle size and percent drug permeated. Based on the characterization of drug permeability and particle size of the atenolol proliposomes, the optimized formulation was selected. The data collected from the invitro drug permeability, were then analysed using RSM to determine the effect of each parameter and the effects of various parameters involved were then interpreted. The best composite of SPC and cholesterol was selected from the various ratios. The ratio of 4 g of SPC, 4g of cholesterol and stirring speed 220 rpm (F13) was selected. The in-vitro permeability of optimized formulation shows 93.78% for 12 hours. the drug release kinetics, data obtained from In-Vitro drug release studies are plotted in various kinetic models. The curve fitting results of the rate of permeation of the designed formulations gave an idea of the mechanism of drug release. Based on the “n” value of 0.6299 the drug release was found to follow non-Fickian diffusion, which indicated both diffusion and swelling mechanism. Also, the drug release mechanism was best explained by Higuchi, as the plots showed the highest linearity (r2 = 0.9919), as the drug release was best fitted in Higuchi. The optimized formulation showed particle size of 683nm. The PDI value of atenolol proliposomes was found to be 0.903. The poly dispersity index less than <1 indicates good uniform distribution of particles. The results obtained from the in vivo pharmacodynamic study shows that administration of optimized atenolol proliposome results in gradual decrease of BP, they decreased the BP significantly at the first hour and the effect continued for 12 hrs. The in-vivo pharmacokinetics study states that oral administration of pure Atenolol shows 3.75hrs MRT, whereas in the case of optimized formulation it shows 6.4hrs. The plasma dug concentration was maintained till 12 hrs, when given as proliposomes, hence the objective of the present study confirms the justification of delivering AT in proliposomal form through nebulization. Hence the dosing frequency can be reduced and bioavailability of the drug is increased as compared to oral administration. From the above result, it can be concluded that, atenolol proliposomes have promising drug delivery attributes for antihypertension

Quantum Hamilton-Jacobi analysis of PT symmetric Hamiltonians

We apply the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi formalism, naturally defined in the complex domain, to a number of complex Hamiltonians, characterized by discrete parity and time reversal (PT) symmetries and obtain their eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Examples of both quasi-exactly and exactly solvable potentials are analyzed and the subtle differences, in the singularity structures of their quantum momentum functions, are pointed out. The role of the PT symmetry in the complex domain is also illustrated.Comment: 11 page

Studies on Heterosis and Combiing Ability for Yield and Quality Attributing Traits in Chilli (Capsicum Annum L.)

Seven lines and four testers were crossed in line x tester mating design to evolve twenty-eight hybrids. These hybrids were studied along with their eleven parents for estimation of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for Fruififteen characters. Observations were recorded on fifteen economically important traits viz., days to 50 percent flowering, plant height at maturity, plant spread, fruit length, fruit width, fruit pedicel length, placenta length, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, number of seeds per fruit, 1000 seed weight, fruit yield per plant, ascorbic acid content, capsaicin content and capsanthin content. The hybrids L4 x T3 (LCA 625 × G-4) is the best hybrids followed by L7 x T4 (Pant C-1 × LCA 678) and L7 x T2 (Pant C-1 × K1) recorded significant standard heterosis for fruit yield per plant. Selection of hybrids for heterosis breeding based on per se performance, sca effects and standard heterosis will be more effective. It may be concluded that based on all the three criteria, the following three hybrids L4 x T3 (LCA 625 × G-4) and L7 x T4 (Pant C-1 × LCA 678) and L7 x T2 (Pant C-1 × K1) were identified as the superior hybrids, among the twenty-eight hybrids evaluated