Nature-inspired Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Side Lobe Suppression in a Symmetric Linear Antenna Array

In this paper, we proposed a newly modified cuckoo search (MCS) algorithm integrated with the Roulette wheel selection operator and the inertia weight controlling the search ability towards synthesizing symmetric linear array geometry with minimum side lobe level (SLL) and/or nulls control. The basic cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is primarily based on the natural obligate brood parasitic behavior of some cuckoo species in combination with the Levy flight behavior of some birds and fruit flies. The CS metaheuristic approach is straightforward and capable of solving effectively general N-dimensional, linear and nonlinear optimization problems. The array geometry synthesis is first formulated as an optimization problem with the goal of SLL suppression and/or null prescribed placement in certain directions, and then solved by the newly MCS algorithm for the optimum element or isotropic radiator locations in the azimuth-plane or xy-plane. The study also focuses on the four internal parameters of MCS algorithm specifically on their implicit effects in the array synthesis. The optimal inter-element spacing solutions obtained by the MCS-optimizer are validated through comparisons with the standard CS-optimizer and the conventional array within the uniform and the Dolph-Chebyshev envelope patterns using MATLABTM. Finally, we also compared the fine-tuned MCS algorithm with two popular evolutionary algorithm (EA) techniques include particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA)

Effect of intramuscular tramadol hydrochloride as a labor analgesic in primagravidae

Background: Labour pain is among the most severe pain experienced by women. The need for analgesia to overcome pain in labour is highly requested by women today. In developing nations where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, intramuscular opioids can be considered.Methods: This study was conducted in teaching. 200 low risk primigravidae who fulfilled the selection criteria with full-term pregnancy with vertex presentation with good uterine contractions and already in active phase of labour were given 100 mg tramadol hydrochloride intramuscularly.Results: 200 primigravidae before giving the drug, no patient had grade-I or no pain, 19% had grade-III and 81% had grade-IV pain. After administration of tramadol hydrochloride IM there was reduction of pain from grade-III and grade IV by 52.49% and all of the patients continued with grade-II pain in 2nd stage and delivered normally and only 6 women had minimal side effects like nausea and vomiting.Conclusions: In low risk primigravidae, IM tramadol hydrochloride appears to be effective with minimal side effects. Hence, in developing nations, where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, IM opioids can be considered as suitable alternatives

A study on effect of tramadol hydrochloride on both mother and newborn in using labor pain

Background: The analgesic efficacy of intramuscular opioids versus epidural analgesia in labor and concluded that the analgesic efficacy and maternal satisfaction is better with epidural analgesia than with opioids.  Hence in developing nations, where availability of facilities is the main limiting factor, intramuscular opioids can be considered suitable alternatives.Methods: A 200 primigravid women presenting with full term pregnancy at a tertiary care center constituted the study subjects.Results: Birth weights of babies’ shows maximum number (65%) of babies have birth weight of 2.5 to 2.9 Kg.  About 28.5% have birth weight between 3 to 3.4 Kg, 6.5% of babies’ have birth weight of 2-2.4 Kg.Conclusions: This Drug has no adverse effects in the mothers/ on to newborn

Comparative Analysis of Image Enhancement Quality Based on Domains

First method is spatial domain and the effective of four diverse image spatial techniques (histogram equalization, adaptive histogram, histogram matching, and unsharp masking) produce sharpening and smoothening of image. Secondly, frequency domain technique and the effective of three diverse image spatial techniques (bilateral, homo-morphic and trilateral filter) were examined to achieve low noise image. Finally, SVD,QR,SLANT and HADAMARD was examined whichincreased human visual. For the above techniques, different quality parameters are evaluated. From the above evaluation, the proposed method identifies the best method among the three domains

STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SOLANUM TRILOBATIUM

The present study is aimed to focus on antimicrobial  and anticancer activity plant extract Solanum trilobatum which was collected from Thirukovilur, Villupuram district. The cancer cell line HT- 29 obtained from King's Institute, Guindy Chennai. The plant extracts were prepared in  ethanolic extracts  to check the anti- microbial and anti-cancer  activity against bacterial pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, Klebsilla, Bacillus) and fungal pathogens (A. niger, A. flavus, Fusarium) by agar well diffusion method. The leaf of S. trilobatum were used for antimicrobial analysis, out of the best activity was observed E. coli with maximum zone of inhibition. On the other hand maximum antifungal activity was recorded with Aspergillus niger. The phytochemical analysis of S. trilobatum were performed such as alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars, glycosides, spannins, tannins, proteins, aminoacids and terpenoid were analyzed. Among the phytochemical test alkaloids showed the highest activity compared to other tests. Anti-cancer activity showed the least MIC value at concentration ranging from 2.7µg/ml to 60 µg/ml. A lowest MIC value (2.4 OD at conc. of 60 µg/ml). The results clearly evident that the  S. trilobatum extract are very useful improving survival and quality of life in patient suffering from advanced cancer.Key words: Anticancer; Antifungal; Phytochemical; S. trilobatum; AntifungalÂ

Comparison of vaginal and oral misoprostol, for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death

Background: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analogue, a methyl-ester of prostaglandin E1 additionally methylated at C-16. Misoprostol is an effective myometrial stimulant of pregnant uterus, selectively binding to prostanoid receptors. The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy of vaginal and oral misoprostol for the induction of labour in women with intra-uterine foetal death (IUFD).Methods: A prospective randomised clinical trial, comparing 50µg oral and 50µg vaginal misoprostol, six hourlies for a maximum of four doses for the induction of labour in women with IUFD. All patients with IUFD after 28 weeks without previous uterine surgeries, without contraindications for prostaglandins are included in the study. The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote. Bangalore from June 2012 to June 2015. It is a tertiary institution serving predominantly rural population. The primary outcome measure was the induction to delivery time, secondary all complications were noted.Results: Twenty-five women were randomised to the vaginal route and twenty-five to the oral route. The induction to delivery time was longer with vaginal misoprostol 10.5±4.03 compared to oral misoprostol (9.58±4.9). There was no significant difference in the amount of misoprostol needed to achieve successful induction in the two groups. 3 patients needed oxytocin augmentation to complete the induction of labour. There were no cases of failed induction. The systemic side effects (shivering, diarrhoea, vomiting and pyrexia) were more common with oral misoprostol (44.5%) compared to vaginal misoprostol (20%).Conclusions: Oral misoprostol achieved successful induction of labour in women with IUFD in a shorter time than vaginal misoprostol. Both routes are equally effective in termination of pregnancy. Sublingual route is easy to administer, patient compliant, no need for internal examination, less chance of labour dysfunction, less chance of post-partum sepsis

Quantification of yield gaps in rain-fed rice, wheat, cotton and mustard in India

Rainfed farming / Crop yield / Simulation / Rice / Wheat / Cotton / Mustard / India

Identifying effective communication channels in a rural community: A field report from south India

Background: There is scarcity of information on communication channels in rural areas where about 38% of people are illiterate. Objective: To identify the channels of communication available in rural areas by interviewing key informants. Method: This study was conducted in 51 villages of Ellapuram block, Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu in the year 2004. Key informants selected from the villages were interviewed by a Medical Social Worker. The questionnaire included information on modes of communication channels, availability of markets, public facilities, and local associations. Result: The study block included 9893 households covering a population of 39255. Their main occupation was agriculture (86%). Electricity was available in all the villages. More than 80% of the villagers had community TV/cable connections, >50% of the villages had cinema star fan associations, mahila mandals, youth clubs, self-help groups, anganwadi centres and ration shops. The main source of communication as per interview was television (100%), wallposters (55%); publicity through panchayat office meetings (53%) and dandora or beat of drums(43%). Conclusion: Main communication channels, commonly used to disseminate information were TV and wall posters. More than 50% of villages had local associations which can be used for effective communication. This information is vital for disseminating important information on public health programmes and educating the rural community