Ethnobotanical Uses of Some Plants of Bhattiyat Block in District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh (Western Himalaya)

In this study an ethnobotanical survey of plant diversity was carried out at Bhattiyat block of District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India. The study was mainly focused on the medicinal plants used for treatment of various ailments/diseases by the nearby village inhabitants. The information was collected by questionnaire and consulting local elders. The present paper provides information on the indigenous therapeutic application and other traditional uses of 22 plant species that are commonly used by the natives of Bhattiyat block of District Chamba

Rupture of Couvelaire uterus-a very rare case report

Couvelaire uterus is a complication seen in some severe forms of abruptio placentae. A careful watch and early identification can prevent grave maternal and fetal outcome. In literature, there are very few cases reported of rupture of Couvelaire uterus as it is a very rare entity. Our study highlights a case of 24 year old with nine months amenorrhea presented with abruption placenta and intrauterine fetal death. Diagnosis of ruptured Couvelaire uterus made and the same was repaired and managed. We were able to save the mother successfully

Study of sociodemographic profile and pattern of gynaecological malignancies in a tertiary care center

Background: Gynaecological malignancies are second most common cancer of females after cancer breast. Carcinoma cervix is the commonest gynaecological malignancy in developing countries while in developed countries, ovarian cancer is the commonest gynaecological malignancy. Appropriate screening and timely diagnosis can save many lives. The objective of this study was to study socio-demographic profile of patients presenting with gynaecological malignancy. And to study presenting symptoms and pattern of gynaecological malignancies in themMethods: It was a retrospective record based study from December 2011 to December 2015. Various parameters from Case records of patients with gynaecological malignancies who visited outpatient department of unit IV were retrieved and analysis done.Results: In our study, most of the patients (30.52%) belonged to age group of 51-60 years, were multiparous (94.21%), Illiterate (67.3%) and belonged to rural background (65.28%). Most of the patients of cancer cervix had their presenting complaint as post-menopausal bleeding (48.38%), followed by excessive white discharge (33.87%). Majority of patients (65.26%) had cancer cervix, were in FIGO stage II .Commonest histopathological type was squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusions: Most common gynaecological malignancy in India is carcinoma cervix. Proper screening and timely diagnosis can save many lives

GENETIC DISORDER ALZHEIMER

Alzheimer's disease (AD), slowly continuous neurological disorder, mostly appears in older >65 age that deals with the memory loss due to death or damage of brain cells and cognitive functions (thinking, reasoning, and behavior abnormalities) due to the accumulation of the specific protein (beta-amyloid protein) which form plaque and fibers (tau tangles) in the brain. Not only the genetic factors are responsible but also most of the non-genetic factors are responsible for AD. Several mutations in the gene (APP, APOE, PENS1, PENS2 on chromosome no. 21, 19, 14, 1) are responsible for causing four types of AD. Memory loss is most common sign of AD. Predisposing factors of AD are hereditary, severe brain injury or traumatic, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesteremia, and obesity. Although treatment can manage some symptoms in few people, but there is no current mechanism to cure AD or stop its progression. Beta-secretase inhibitor molecule prevents the first step in a chain accumulation which leads to the formation of amyloid plaque in the brain. However, the scientist or researchers have established a compound NIC5-15 they have been found NIC5-15 has safe and effectual treatment which has been used to stabilize cognitive performance in patients with mild to moderate AD

Extreme Value Analysis for Record Loss Prediction during Volatile Market

Year after year stock markets of the world kept on breaking records. They reached new heights and plunged to new depths. During financial crisis of 2008 many markets shed as many points as they never did in their history. It is extremely difficult to predict future index value due to their high randomness but is it possible to know if markets are going to achieve a record fall in near future or not. Daily changes in stock market index are not normally distributed, analysis showed they exhibit fatter tails that normal distribution, while extreme fall and rise generally follow generalized extreme value distribution explained by Extreme Value theory. The study models worst losses suffered in a day by National Stock Exchange index CNX-Nifty by fitting GEV distribution on yearly and quarterly maximum losses. GEV distribution function hence obtained is used for predicting probability of obtaining a record maximum loss next year / quarter of 2008. As Indian markets shed maximum point in a day during financial crisis of 2008, study verifies if model gives indication about such extreme event. Key words: GEV distribution; Extreme Value Theory; Record Loss; Frechet Density Function; Block Maxim

Correlation of lateral placental location with development of preeclampsia

Background: Preeclampsia is a complex clinical syndrome which involves multiple organ systems and remains the principle cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia is a disease of trophoblastic tissue. Placental abnormality is one of the initial events in patients who are destined to develop pregnancy induced hypertension subsequently. Objective of this study was to evaluate the association of laterally located placenta on ultrasound with development of preeclampsia.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 200 antenatal women with singleton pregnancy at 18-24 weeks of gestation who attended antenatal clinic of obstetrics and gynaecology, PGIMS Rohtak from October 2017 to October 2018. Detailed antenatal transabdominal ultrasound along with placental location was done between 18-24 weeks of gestation in women who fitted into inclusion criteria. All the antenatal women belonged to 18-24 weeks of gestation were included in the study except those women with chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, severe anaemia, thyrotoxicosis, low lying placenta, previous history of preeclampsia or eclampsia.Results: Out of 200 antenatal women, 84 had lateral placenta while 116 had central placenta. Out of these 84 women who had lateral placenta, 55 women (65.5%) developed preeclampsia and out of 116 (58%) women who had central placenta, 28 women (24.1%) developed preeclampsia.Conclusions: From the above study, we concluded that women with laterally located placenta by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks of gestation have greater risk of developing preeclampsia

Metastatic Bilateral Malignant Ovarian Tumors Associated with Pregnancy

SummaryObjectiveKrukenberg tumors in pregnancy are extremely rare. Only three cases have been reported, two of which were diagnosed postpartum.Case ReportA 20-year-old, primigravida with bilateral malignant ovarian tumors, who received no prior antenatal care, was presented with intestinal obstruction at 5 months' gestation. Pregnancy was preserved, and bilateral oophorectomy, omentectomy with resection of sigmoid colon growth, and colostomy were performed. The patient aborted spontaneously and postoperatively, and was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionBecause platinum-based chemotherapy can be safely given during pregnancy, hysterectomy can be avoided in cases of bilateral malignant ovarian tumors if the uterus is not grossly involved, so allowing preservation of an existing pregnancy

Study of medical disorders in pregnancy among in patients at a tertiary care hospital in Haryana, India

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which various changes occur in pregnant women just to accommodate growing fetus. Pregnancy is a stress test for woman and may unmask certain underlying chronic diseases like, DM, hypertension which were silent or asymptomatic prior to pregnancy. This study was done to know the incidence, type and demographic profile of medical disorders in pregnancy among in patient at a tertiary care hospital.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted on 578 patients of medical disorders in pregnancy admitted in a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. Data collected from record room and analysis done.Results: Total antenatal admissions were 4721. Incidence of medical disorders was 12.24%. Majority of women were in age group 20-30 years (65.5%). Low-parity (P0, P1). Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy was commonest reported disorder (42.3%), followed by hematological disorder (38.7%), liver disorder 5%, endocrine disorder 4.8%, epilepsy 3.8% and HIV 2.6% in present study.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders were commonest medical disorder followed by hematological, liver, endocrine and epilepsy. All medical disorders in pregnancy to be managed by team approach

A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-analysis of Non-destructive Fruit Maturity Detection Techniques

The global fruit industry is growing rapidly due to increased awareness of the health benefits associated with fruit consumption. Fruit maturity detection plays a crucial role in fruit logistics and maintenance, enabling farmers and fruit industries to grade fruits and develop sustainable policies for enhanced profitability and service quality. Non-destructive fruit maturity detection methods have gained significant attention, especially with advancements in machine vision and spectroscopic techniques. This systematic review provides a concise overview of the techniques and algorithms used in fruit quality grading by farmers and industries. The study reviewed 63 full-text articles published between 2012 and 2023 along with their bibliometric analysis. Qualitative analysis revealed that researchers from various disciplines contributed to this field, with techniques falling into 3 categories: machine vision (mathematical modelling or deep learning), spectroscopy and other miscellaneous approaches. There was a high level of diversity among these categories, as indicated by an I-square value of 88.37% in the heterogeneity analysis. Meta-analysis, using odds ratios as the effect measure, established the relationship between techniques and their accuracy. Machine vision showed a positive correlation with accuracy across different categories. Additionally, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess publication bias and no strong evidence of its occurrence was found. This study offers valuable insights into the advantages and limitations of various fruit maturity detection techniques. For employing statistical and meta-analytical methods, key factors such as accuracy and sample size have been considered. These findings will aid in the development of effective strategies for fruit quality assessment

Linear mathematical models for yield estimation of baby corn (Zea mays L.)

Linear mathematical models have been developed for predicting baby corn yield in terms of cob volume for two cycles of maize (Zea mays L.). Cob volume is directly proportional to morphological parameters such as length, weight, and girth; hence, linear mathematical models have been developed. Primary data for a random selection of 60 cobs for each cycle were collected, and lab work was carried out to measure the corn ears and cob growth parameters. An irregular distribution was observed among all six growth parameters examined in the study. Descriptive statistical measures were employed to facilitate the description of growth parameters. The final volume of the baby corn cob was used for crop yield estimation. The water displacement method was employed to measure the actual volume of cobs, which was then compared with the volumes estimated using the developed mathematical models. For both cycles, similar trends were observed in both estimated and actual volumes of cobs, providing numerical confirmation for the validity of the developed mathematical models. The theoretical validity of these models was also established using statistical measures such as R2, adjusted R2, F-test, P-value, and correlation coefficient. Any deviations between estimated and actual volumes would indicate changes in the dependent variables of the model, attributed to the effects of climate change, as other internal and external factors are held constant. These models offer a critical predictive tool for stakeholders, enabling improved yield predictions and optimized resource allocation. As a result, they facilitate strategic planning for increased profitability