Rekabentuk Dan Fabrikasi Isfet Berasaskan Silikon Sebagai Penderia Ph

Penyelidikan untuk menghasilkan penderia pH dengan menggunakan pendekatan Transistor Kesan Medan – sensitif terhadap ion (ISFET) telah dilakukan. This thesis describes the research activities on pH sensor development by using Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) approach

ISFET pH Sensor Characterization: Towards Biosensor Microchip Application.

The ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) based pH sensor has the advantages of smaller size, fast response time and fabrication compatible with standard MOS technology

Detection and Classification of Honey Adulteration Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Honey is a natural sweetener with a yellowish substance made up of bee secretions and plant nectar extracts. Main composition of honey are sugars or carbohydrates and water in the chemical composition and contain a great number of minor components such as minerals, amino acids, proteins, acidity, and pH. Honey adulteration is a global concern due to lack of awareness of people and policies. There is a various method that has been conducted to detect honey adulteration such as SCIRA, DSC, FTIR, NIRS, and NMR and these methods mostly used multivariate data analysis to classify the adulteration of honey. PCA is the most used technique in the classification of honey adulteration where the data obtained is clustered according to adulteration level and type of the adulterant. This paper explains on different methods to detect honey adulteration and common technique used on classification of honey. It can be concluded that PCA is the most used technique based on different method of honey adulteration detection

a perspective on materials, synthesis methods and applications

The oxides of copper (CuxO) are fascinating materials due to their remarkable optical, electrical, thermal and magnetic properties. Nanostructuring of CuxO can further enhance the performance of this important functional material and provide it with unique properties that do not exist in its bulk form. Three distinctly different phases of CuxO, mainly CuO, Cu2O and Cu4O3, can be prepared by numerous synthesis techniques including, vapour deposition and liquid phase chemical methods. In this article, we present a review of nanostructured CuxO focusing on their material properties, methods of synthesis and an overview of various applications that have been associated with nanostructured CuxO

Preliminary Study of pH Sensor for Engine Oil Deterioration Detection Using Anodized Ta2O5 Nanotubular

pH sensor is one of the sensing principles that can be employed in detection of engine oil deterioration. To avoid unnecessary changing of engine oil while maintaining the oil quality consumed by car’s engine, engine oil deterioration sensor is required to continuously monitor the oil condition. In this work, we fabricated pH sensor sensing layer made up of tantalum thin film. Ta2O5 nanotubular was constructed as the medium of interaction to measure the quality of engine oil. Anodization synthesis method was used to fabricate the sensing layer by varying the anodization time. Two samples anodized at 30 min and 60 min were tested in pH buffer solution at pH ranging from 2, 4, 7, 10 and 12. Further characterization using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was conducted to investigate the surface morphology properties, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was conducted to obtain crystal properties of Ta2O5 nanotubular. A homogeneous Ta2O5 nanostructures with cubic crystal structure and pore diameter ranging between 15 to 20 nm was obtained. 30 min sample tested in pH buffer solution has better adsorption of H+ ions with linear pH sensitivity of 31.616 mV/pH and good stability. Therefore, anodization method can be an alternative to fabricate pH sensor for oil deterioration detection system. Additionally, other study on chemical sensor for the detection of engine oil deterioration level are also discussed in this paper

Annealing effect on ultraviolet sensor performance with porous silicon based

Nowadays, most semiconductor industries apply silicon-based material in developing advanced electronic device. Concerns with heat management of electronic devices which getting worst day by day, the nanostructures technologies were introduced in order to overcome the problem. The nanostructures development on bulk crystalline silicon known as porous silicon which could be produced via anodization method. In this study, the anodized porous silicon was annealed at temperatures of 200°C up to 800°C for the research purpose of annealing effect on ultraviolet sensor performance. The structures of porous silicon were analyzed via FESEM and XRD characterization in order to identify the morphology and crystallinity of porous silicon. Then, the ultraviolet sensors were produced and the sensors performance were analyzed. After post-annealing treatment, the anodized porous silicon has the strongest crystalline peak at 600°C and 800°C, while below 400°C, the porous silicon samples have a broadened XRD peak around 2 θ=33°. However, our experimental results show that an ultraviolet sensor which anneal at temperature 200°C have the best sensing performance

Effects of antibiotic resistance, drug target attainment, bacterial pathogenicity and virulence, and antibiotic access and affordability on outcomes in neonatal sepsis: an international microbiology and drug evaluation prospective substudy (BARNARDS)

Background Sepsis is a major contributor to neonatal mortality, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). WHO advocates ampicillin–gentamicin as first-line therapy for the management of neonatal sepsis. In the BARNARDS observational cohort study of neonatal sepsis and antimicrobial resistance in LMICs, common sepsis pathogens were characterised via whole genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial resistance profiles. In this substudy of BARNARDS, we aimed to assess the use and efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapies commonly used in LMICs for neonatal sepsis. Methods In BARNARDS, consenting mother–neonates aged 0–60 days dyads were enrolled on delivery or neonatal presentation with suspected sepsis at 12 BARNARDS clinical sites in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa. Stillborn babies were excluded from the study. Blood samples were collected from neonates presenting with clinical signs of sepsis, and WGS and minimum inhibitory concentrations for antibiotic treatment were determined for bacterial isolates from culture-confirmed sepsis. Neonatal outcome data were collected following enrolment until 60 days of life. Antibiotic usage and neonatal outcome data were assessed. Survival analyses were adjusted to take into account potential clinical confounding variables related to the birth and pathogen. Additionally, resistance profiles, pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic probability of target attainment, and frequency of resistance (ie, resistance defined by in-vitro growth of isolates when challenged by antibiotics) were assessed. Questionnaires on health structures and antibiotic costs evaluated accessibility and affordability. Findings Between Nov 12, 2015, and Feb 1, 2018, 36 285 neonates were enrolled into the main BARNARDS study, of whom 9874 had clinically diagnosed sepsis and 5749 had available antibiotic data. The four most commonly prescribed antibiotic combinations given to 4451 neonates (77·42%) of 5749 were ampicillin–gentamicin, ceftazidime–amikacin, piperacillin–tazobactam–amikacin, and amoxicillin clavulanate–amikacin. This dataset assessed 476 prescriptions for 442 neonates treated with one of these antibiotic combinations with WGS data (all BARNARDS countries were represented in this subset except India). Multiple pathogens were isolated, totalling 457 isolates. Reported mortality was lower for neonates treated with ceftazidime–amikacin than for neonates treated with ampicillin–gentamicin (hazard ratio [adjusted for clinical variables considered potential confounders to outcomes] 0·32, 95% CI 0·14–0·72; p=0·0060). Of 390 Gram-negative isolates, 379 (97·2%) were resistant to ampicillin and 274 (70·3%) were resistant to gentamicin. Susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates to at least one antibiotic in a treatment combination was noted in 111 (28·5%) to ampicillin–gentamicin; 286 (73·3%) to amoxicillin clavulanate–amikacin; 301 (77·2%) to ceftazidime–amikacin; and 312 (80·0%) to piperacillin–tazobactam–amikacin. A probability of target attainment of 80% or more was noted in 26 neonates (33·7% [SD 0·59]) of 78 with ampicillin–gentamicin; 15 (68·0% [3·84]) of 27 with amoxicillin clavulanate–amikacin; 93 (92·7% [0·24]) of 109 with ceftazidime–amikacin; and 70 (85·3% [0·47]) of 76 with piperacillin–tazobactam–amikacin. However, antibiotic and country effects could not be distinguished. Frequency of resistance was recorded most frequently with fosfomycin (in 78 isolates [68·4%] of 114), followed by colistin (55 isolates [57·3%] of 96), and gentamicin (62 isolates [53·0%] of 117). Sites in six of the seven countries (excluding South Africa) stated that the cost of antibiotics would influence treatment of neonatal sepsis

Thin films and nanostructures of niobium pentoxide: fundamental properties, synthesis methods and applications

As one of the transition metal oxides, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) offers a broad variety of properties that make it a potentially useful and highly applicable material in many different areas. In comparison to many other transition metal oxides, Nb2O5 has received relatively little attention, which presents a significant opportunity for future investigations aimed at fundamentally understanding this material and finding new and interesting applications for it. In this article, a general overview of Nb2O5 is presented which focuses on its fundamental properties, synthesis methods and recent applications, along with a discussion on future research directions relevant to this material

Detection and Classification of Honey Adulteration Combined with Multivariate Analysis

Honey is a natural sweetener with a yellowish substance made up of bee secretions and plant nectar extracts. Main composition of honey are sugars or carbohydrates and water in the chemical composition and contain a great number of minor components such as minerals, amino acids, proteins, acidity, and pH. Honey adulteration is a global concern due to lack of awareness of people and policies. There is a various method that has been conducted to detect honey adulteration such as SCIRA, DSC, FTIR, NIRS, and NMR and these methods mostly used multivariate data analysis to classify the adulteration of honey. PCA is the most used technique in the classification of honey adulteration where the data obtained is clustered according to adulteration level and type of the adulterant. This paper explains on different methods to detect honey adulteration and common technique used on classification of honey. It can be concluded that PCA is the most used technique based on different method of honey adulteration detection