Are we close to defining a metabolomic signature of human obesity? A systematic review of metabolomics studies

BPV is supported by a grant to postdoctoral researchers at foreign universities and research centers from the Alfonso Martín Escudero Foundation, Spain.Introduction Obesity is a disorder characterized by a disproportionate increase in body weight in relation to height, mainly due to the accumulation of fat, and is considered a pandemic of the present century by many international health institutions. It is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, namely, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and cancer. Metabolomics is a useful tool to evaluate changes in metabolites due to being overweight and obesity at the body fluid and cellular levels and to ascertain metabolic changes in metabolically unhealthy overweight and obese individuals (MUHO) compared to metabolically healthy individuals (MHO). Objectives We aimed to conduct a systematic review (SR) of human studies focused on identifying metabolomic signatures in obese individuals and obesity-related metabolic alterations, such as inflammation or oxidative stress. Methods We reviewed the literature to identify studies investigating the metabolomics profile of human obesity and that were published up to May 7th, 2019 in SCOPUS and PubMed through an SR. The quality of reporting was evaluated using an adapted of QUADOMICS. Results Thirty-three articles were included and classified according to four types of approaches. (i) studying the metabolic signature of obesity, (ii) studying the differential responses of obese and non-obese subjects to dietary challenges (iii) studies that used metabolomics to predict weight loss and aimed to assess the effects of weight loss interventions on the metabolomics profiles of overweight or obese human subjects (iv) articles that studied the effects of specific dietary patterns or dietary compounds on obesity-related metabolic alterations in humans. Conclusion The present SR provides state-of-the-art information about the use of metabolomics as an approach to understanding the dynamics of metabolic processes involved in human obesity and emphasizes metabolic signatures related to obesity phenotypes.ODRH has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND) under grant agreement n° 609020 - Scientia Fellows

The Metabolic Impact of Two Different Parenteral Nutrition Lipid Emulsions in Children after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Lipidomics Investigation

This research was funded by the "Salud Investiga Modalidad Joven 2010" award from the Junta de Andalucia, Spain and CIBERobn.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the infusion of either bone marrow or blood cells preceded by toxic chemotherapy. However, there is little knowledge about the clinical benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) in patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy during HSCT. We investigated the lipidomic profile of plasma and the targeted fatty acid profiles of plasma and erythrocytes in children after HSCT using PN with either a fish oil-based lipid emulsion or a classic soybean oil emulsion. An untargeted liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry platform connected with a novel in silico annotation algorithm was utilized to determine the most relevant chemical subclasses affected. In addition, we explored the interrelation between the lipidomics profile in plasma, the targeted fatty acid profile in plasma and erythrocytes, several biomarkers of inflammation, and antioxidant defense using an innovative data integration analysis based on Latent Components. We observed that the fish oil-based lipid emulsion had an impact in several lipid subclasses, mainly glycerophosphocholines (PC), glycerophosphoserines (PS), glycerophosphoethanolamines (PE), oxidized PE (O-PE), 1-alkyl,2-acyl PS, lysophosphatidylethanolamines (LPE), oxidized PS (O-PS) and dicarboxylic acids. In contrast, the classic soybean oil emulsion did not. Several connections across the different blocks of data were found and aid in interpreting the impact of the lipid emulsions on metabolic health.Junta de Andalucia European CommissionCIBERob

Metabolomic-Based Studies of the Intake of Virgin Olive Oil: A Comprehensive Review

Virgin olive oil (VOO) is a high-value product from the Mediterranean diet. Some health and nutritional benefits have been associated with its consumption, not only because of its monounsaturated-rich triacylglycerols but also due to its minor bioactive components. The search for specific metabolites related to VOO consumption may provide valuable information to identify the specific bioactive components and to understand possible molecular and metabolic mechanisms implicated in those health effects. In this regard, metabolomics, considered a key analytical tool in nutritional studies, offers a better understanding of the regulatory functions of food components on human nutrition, well-being, and health. For that reason, the aim of the present review is to summarize the available scientific evidence related to the metabolic effects of VOO or its minor bioactive compounds in human, animal, and in vitro studies using metabolomics approachesFEDER 2014–2020/Junta de Andalucía/ Consejería de Transformación económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades.Project (B-AGR-257-UGR18

Evaluación de una bebida de naranja rica en polifenoles sobre marcadores de síndrome metabólico y riesgo cardiovascular en humanos con obesidad o sobrepeso

The research group CTS-461 “Biochemistry of Nutrition. Therapeutic Implications” develop its research in lines including childhood and adult obesity through different approaches, which include the study of novel obesity, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. The first approach was to compare the effect of supplementation with two different OJs, enriched with different doses of polyphenols, on MS and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, E-ADS and NEADS systems and on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in overweight and obese adults. Additionally, the use of the state-of-the-art technology metabolomics was included, trying to identify new biomarkers related to the OJ consumption.El grupo de investigación CTS-461 "Bioquímica de la Nutrición. Implicaciones terapéuticas "desarrolla su investigación en diversas líneas incluyendo: la obesidad infantil y adulta a través de diferentes enfoques que incluyen el estudio de la obesidad a través de novedosos biomarcadores inflamatorios y de estrés oxidativo. El primer objetivo fue comparar el efecto de la suplementación con dos diferentes zumos de naranja enriquecidos con diferentes dosis de polifenoles, en el SM y la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) los factores de riesgo, y en los sistemas NEADS y E-ADS, así como en biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo y de inflamación en adultos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Además, se incluyó el uso de la metabolómica con la finalidad de identificar nuevos biomarcadores relacionados con el consumo de zumo de naranja.Tesis Univ. Granada. Programa Oficial de Doctorado en: Bioquímica y Biología MolecularThe present study has been funded by research contract nº.3345 between the University of Granada- Enterprise General Foundation and Coca-Cola Europe. Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS). Ministerio de Salud: RD008/0072/0028 and RD12/0026/0015 “Red de Salud Materno Infantil. SAMID”, Redes temáticas de investigación cooperativa (RETIC). Programa de Fortalecimiento de las Capacidades en I+D+I de la Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo de la Junta de Andalucía, cofinanciada con el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER