Definición y establecimiento formal de la engineering educación en México = (Definition and formal establishment of the engineering education in Mexico)

La educación de los ingenieros es de gran importancia debido a que la producción de una nación depende del conocimiento, capacidades y destrezas de los ingenieros. La Engineering Education (Educación para la Ingeniería) es el área responsable de todos los aspectos relacionados con la educación en las facultades de ingeniería. Esta área no está a cargo de pedagogos, sino por ingenieros preparados en el tipo de educación necesaria para la ingeniería. La Engineering Education aparece formalmente como una rama hace treinta años en unas pocas universidades de los EUA. Ha sido aceptada en algunos otros países; donde cada uno de ellos ha elaborado su propia área de acuerdo con sus propias necesidades y requisitos. En México, la presencia de la. Engineering Education es nula de manera formal en las universidades, ni como área o disciplina, ni como estudio a nivel posgrado. Es objetivo de la tesis doctoral del autor establecer esta área de manera oficial como resultado de la investigación y del análisis. Education of engineers is of great importance due to the fact that a nation’s production relies on the knowledge, capabilities and skills of engineers. Engineering Education is the area responsible for all aspects concerning education in the schools of engineering. This area is not filled by educators, but by engineers prepared in the kind of education needed by engineering. Engineering Education formally appeared as a branch around thirty years ago in a few universities in the USA. It has been accepted in some other countries; each of them made their own branch according to their own needs and requirements. In Mexico, there is no presence of Engineering Education formally in the universities, neither as a branch nor as a course of study in a postgraduate level. It is the objective of the author’s doctoral thesis to establish this area officially as the result of research and analysis. (for English version of this paper, contact the author

Contribuciones a la engineering education nacional e internacional y establecimiento de esta disciplina en México

Tesis (Doctorado en Filosofía con especialidad en Educación) -- U.A.N.L. ; Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 2006.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Flow-through solid-phase based optical sensor for the multisyringe flow injection trace determination of orthophosphate in waters with chemiluminescence detection

In this work, a novel flow-through solid-phase based chemiluminescence (CL) optical sensor is described for the trace determination of orthophosphate in waters exploiting the multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) concept with multicommutation. The proposed time-based injection flow system relies upon the in-line derivatisation of the analyte with ammonium molybdate in the presence of vanadate, and the transient immobilisation of the resulting heteropolyacid in a N-vinylpyrrolidone/divinylbenzene copolymer packed spiral shape flow-through cell located in front of the window of a photomultiplier tube. The simultaneous injection of well-defined slugs of luminol in alkaline medium and methanol solution towards the packed reactor is afterwards performed by proper switching of the solenoid valves. Then, the light emission from the luminol oxidation by the oxidant species retained onto the sorbent material is readily detected. At the same time, the generated molybdenum-blue compound is eluted by the minute amount of injected methanol, rendering the system prepared for a new measuring cycle. Therefore, the devised sensor enables the integration of the solid-phase CL reaction with elution and detection of the emitted light without the typical drawbacks of the molybdenum-blue based spectrophotometric procedures regarding the excess of molybdate anion, which causes high background signals due to its self-reduction. The noteworthy features of the developed CL–MSFIA system are the feasibility to accommodate reactions with different pH requirements and the ability to determine trace levels of orthophosphate in high silicate content samples (Si/P ratios up to 500). Under the optimised conditions, a dynamic linear range from 5 to 50 g P l−1 for a 1.8 ml sample, repeatability better than 3.0% and a quantification limit of 4 g P l−1 were attained. The flowing stream system handles 11 analysis h−1 and has been successfully applied to the determination of trace levels of orthophosphate in environmental samples such as mineral, ground, tap and pond waters as well as samples from a water-steam cycle of an incineration plant. The t-test comparison of the means for the developed optical sensor and the molybdenum-blue spectrophotometric APHA/AWWA/WPCF reference method revealed that there is no evidence of significant differences between the obtained results at the 95% confidence level.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Gamificación en el aula: estrategia didáctica para el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de bachiller

Currently, it is difficult for students to stay in the same place, they get bored very easily, especially high school students, so they look for options that allow them to get out of routine apart, they do not like to read, investigate, write, etc., He does not like to pay attention at school, so he seeks to entertain himself in social networks or community video games, for this reason, based on these interests, it has been seen as a need to include playful games in educational spaces, this to generate interest and motivation in high school students. The Covid-19 pandemic gave way to including these tools when classes were migrated to virtuality, therefore, through reviewing various articles related to gamification and its application to generate meaningful learning, it was found that it is necessary to seek strategies that motivate and arouse the interest of students to develop their skills and abilities during the learning process. The use of the game as a didactic resource helps integral learning and, in particular, the participation of students in a dynamic way. Playful activity provides the possibility of enhancing skills and allows them to get to know the world around them in a pleasant way, as well as other tools to learn in any aspect throughout life. Gamification is a technique in which game elements are used in an unrelated context to convey information, content, or even change behavior through a meaningful experience.Actualmente al estudiante le es complicado permanecer en un mismo lugar, se aburre muy fácilmente, sobre todo al estudiante de bachillerato, por lo que busca opciones que le permitan salir de lo rutinario aparte, no le gusta leer, investigar, redactar, etc., no gusta de poner atención en la escuela, por lo que busca entretenerse en las redes sociales o video juegos comunitarios, por tal motivo, a partir de estos intereses se ha visto como necesidad incluir el juego lúdico en los espacios educativos, esto para generar interés y motivación en el estudiante de bachillerato. Se trata de una revisión sistematizada de estrategias de gamificación para la práctica docente aplicados en los estudiantes, y como estos juegan un papel importante en la actualidad, toda vez que, a partir de migrar a la virtualidad se emplearon estas alternativas de juego en los estudiantes, por lo que es necesario conocerlas y emplearlas como estrategias para favorecer el aprendizaje significativo. Emplear el juego como recurso didáctico, ayuda al aprendizaje integral y, en particular a la participación de los estudiantes de manera dinámica, pues la actividad lúdica proporciona la posibilidad de potenciar habilidades y permite conocer de forma agradable el mundo que les rodea, así como otras herramientas para aprender en cualquier aspecto a lo largo de la vida. Se concluye que la gamificación es técnica en la que los elementos del juego se utilizan en un contexto no relacionado para transmitir información, contenido o incluso cambiar el comportamiento a través de una experiencia significativa

Emprendimiento como propuesta transversal para desarrollar habilidades personales y responsabilidad social en estudiantes de bachillerato

The lack of linkage in modules and submodules of ICTs (information and communication technologies), has been an existing problem for some time, these remain isolated not only in knowledge, but also in the disciplinary and professional skills that the study program presents. , causing them to be abandoned in the holistic learning of the students, in such a way that they are seen as a topic without connection to their daily life and the fulfillment of the purpose of the training. The following investigation is carried out from a bibliographical review by searching for data or written records that identify the entrepreneurship, data from various authors that support the topic to be studied, through the analysis of documents, articles related to the topic: bibliographies, manuals, in universities, applied dissertations, etc. In this way, show the relationship between entrepreneurship as a learning method to develop personal skills and responsibility. The rise of entrepreneurship and its establishment has caused some educational centers to include this topic in their training programs, either for their administration programs or transversally in all their programs, in order to promote their students and future graduates being entrepreneurs in forming their own companies.La falta de vinculación en módulos y submódulos de las TIC’s (tecnologías de información y comunicación), ha sido una problemática existente desde tiempo atrás, estos quedan aislados no solo en conocimientos, sino también en las competencias disciplinares y profesionales que presenta el programa de estudio, provocando que queden abandonados en el aprendizaje holístico de los estudiantes, de tal manera que, sean vistos como un tema sin conexión para su vida cotidiana y el cumplimiento del propósito de la capacitación. La siguiente investigación se lleva a cabo a partir de una revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda de datos o registros escritos que identifiquen sobre el emprendimiento, datos de diversos autores que sustenten el tema a estudiar, mediante el análisis de documentos artículos relacionados con el tema: bibliografías, manuales, en universidades, disertaciones aplicadas, etc. De esta manera mostrar la relación que hay entre el emprendimiento como un método de aprendizaje para desarrollar habilidades personales y de responsabilidad. El auge del emprendimiento y su instauración ha generado que algunos centros educativos incluyan en sus programas de formación esta temática, ya sea para sus programas de administración o en forma transversal en todos sus programas, a fin de promover en sus estudiantes y futuros egresados el ser emprendedores en formar sus propias empresas

Papel hidrológico-ambiental de pastizales nativos e introducidos en la cuenca alta del río Chuvíscar, Chihuahua, México

En la cuenca alta del río Chuvíscar predominan condiciones climáticas extremas, escasez de agua, erosión y presencia de pastizales nativos e introducidos, lo que hace imperativo conocer su función en la conservación de suelo e infiltración de agua. El objetivo fue comparar dos grupos de gramíneas: nativas (Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths, Digitaria californica (Benth) Henrad, Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. Et Schult) e introducidas (Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Eragrostis superba Peyr, Melinis repens (Willd) C.E. Hubb) para determinar la hidrodinámica de especies sobre el suelo. Se utilizó un simulador de lluvia (Deltalab - EID340) en 20 parcelas (1 m2 c/u) sobre cuatro sitios con aplicación de lluvia a intensidad de 40 mm h-1. Se realizó un diseño de parcelas divididas en bloques aleatorizados; un análisis de varianza para probar efectos entre tratamientos y uno de componentes principales (ACP) para variables hidrodinámicas y biofísicas para distinguir afinidades y discrepancias eco-hidrológicas entre pastizales. La D. californica, mezclada con otras especies nativas e introducidas, mostró valores altos de conductividad hidráulica (promedios de Ks = 40 ± 6 mm h-1); B. gracilis (Ks = 32 ± 8 mm h-1) y bajos con E. superba (Ks = 24 ± 16 mm h-1). Se comprobó la importante función hidrológica de las gramíneas sin importar el origen biogeográfico. Se pueden establecer planes de conservación en zonas degradadas con especies introducidas para apoyar la infiltración y protección del suelo, y aprovechar las habilidades fisiológicas de ambas (nativas e introducidas) como alternativas de conservación y resiembras durante el pastoreo de animales. Abstract In the upper basin of the Chuviscar river, extreme weather conditions prevail, as well as water shortages, soil erosion and the presence of native and introduced grasslands, making it imperative to know the function of these in the conservation and infiltration of soil and water, respectively. The objective was to compare two groups of native grasses: Bouteloua gracilis (HBK) Griffiths, Digitaria californica (Benth) Henrad, Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. Et Schult) and introduced grasses: Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees, Eragrostis superba Peyr, and Melinis repens (Willd) CE Hubb to determine the hydrodynamics of species on the ground. A rainfall simulator was used (Deltalab - EID340) in 20 plots (1 m2 each) on four sites with application of rain intensity of 40 mm h-1. A split plot design in randomized blocks was applied, an analysis of variance to test effects between treatments and a principal component (PCA) to hydrodynamic and biophysical variables to distinguish eco-hydrological similarities and differences among native rangelands. The D. californica, mixed with other native and introduced species, showed high values of hydraulic conductivity (Ks = 40 average ± 6 mm h-1), B. gracilis (Ks = 32 ± 8 mm h-1) and low in E. superba (Ks = 24 ± 16 mm h-1). It was confirmed the important hydrological role of grasses regardless of the biogeographical origin. Conservation programs can be implemented in degraded areas with introduced species to enhance infiltration, soil protection and use of both physiological skills (native and introduced) as alternative of conservation and reseeding for grazing animals. Keywords: erosion, native plants, hydrology

Effect of extraction type on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves

The objective of this study was to determine the extraction yield, the content of bioactive compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity of different extracts from Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves, and their potential use as a natural feed additive for ruminant diets. For the preparation of MO extracts, three treatments were used: (1) MO extract in distilled water (MOEW, 0%), (2) ethanol-water (MOEEW, 50%) and (3) absolute ethanol (MOEE, 100%). The extraction yield and the antioxidant activity measured with the DPPH assay in the MO extracts were higher for MOEW and MOEEW. From all treatments, MOEEW had the highest antioxidant activity evaluated with the ABTS assay and showed a higher content of bioactive compounds. On the other hand, the principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components explained 96.5% of the variability of the data. The variables that contributed to the greatest variation were condensed tannins (CT), total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), and extraction yield. A high correlation (p ≤ 0.001) was observed between TPC and extraction yield with r2 = 0.989. The content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was higher in the MOEEW extract; therefore, its inclusion in ruminant diets can be suggested to potentially improve their productivity and product quality

A qué sabe el norte?

Libro que compila saberes de las recetas ancestrales y sabores tradicionales de la gastronomía Nortesantandereana, recopila 3 rutas de turismo gastronómico que conjuga 30 municipios de norte de santander y más de 300 tipos de sopas, platos fuertes y postres.Book that compiles knowledge of ancestral recipes and traditional flavors of gastronomy Nortesantandereana, compiles 3 routes of gastronomic tourism that brings together 30 municipalities of northern Santander and more than 300 types of soups, main dishes and desserts.Ruta del durazno y el agua -- Ruta del oro negro -- Ruta del río y la gran convención -- Las mujeres de la independencia -- Honrando a nuestros portadores del saber -- A qué sabe el norte-recetarioPrimera ediciónna230 página