The Active CryoCubeSat Project: System Modeling and Control Design

Utah State University together with the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory have been developing new cooling technology for high power CubeSats. This effort has been funded by the NASA Space Technology Mission Directorate in an effort to enable CubeSats with extraordinary thermal control needs for subsystems such as computing, telemetry, or cryogenics and where passive techniques are insufficient. The approach is to use a pumped fluid loop to remove heat from an internal heat exchanger and transport it to an external radiator on the CubeSat. Recently, Utah State has thermal vacuum-tested prototype systems collecting significant amounts of data on the thermodynamics of pumped fluid loops for small spacecraft. This paper presents the model-based thermal feedback and control system design for Utah State’s Active CryoCubeSat prototype. This system is based on a single-phase, two-stage mechanically pumped fluid system, designed to support 6U CubeSat platforms and above. The system modeling was conducted using two different approaches. First, a physical model was derived from the first principle equations, then a system identification was conducted using data collected from the thermal vacuum chamber test of the ACCS system. This paper presents the results and comparison of both models, as well as their limitations in describing the physical behavior of the system. Based on those models, a control system was designed and tuned to achieve a series of thermal requirements for the thermal control of a small cryocooler supporting an infra-red detector at 70 to 120K

Thermal and Radiation Design Considerations for CubeSats in Low Lunar Orbit

NASA\u27s Artemis program is turning the attention back to the Moon. As an example of Artemis I, CubeSats can now be inserted into lunar orbits by ridesharing. Designers must become familiarized with the additional technical challenges of operating far away from the usual low Earth orbit (LEO) condition, especially regarding the lunar radiation and thermal environments. This paper analyzes the thermal environment loads for a spacecraft operating in a low lunar orbit (LLO) at 100km altitude with a fixed nadir-pointing orientation. A simplified thermal model is presented to assess the impact of the surfaces\u27 thermal-optical properties and internal thermal resistances on the maximum dissipation power for 6U and 12U CubeSats at different orbital Beta-Sun angles. The occurrences of Solar eclipses in the next decade are reviewed, as well as the impact on the required heating energy to keep the CubeSats in the safe temperature range during the longest eclipse of the series. The radiation analysis focuses on the total ionization dose received by the spacecraft in LLO compared to LEO. The impact of a full-body radiation shielding approach on the chassis mass is also assessed for different wall thicknesses

A case of recurrent epilepsy-associated rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor with anaplastic transformation in the absence of therapy.

Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) most commonly occurs adjacent to the fourth ventricle and therefore rarely presents with epilepsy. Recent reports describe RGNT occurrence in other anatomical locations with considerable morphologic and genetic overlap with the epilepsy-associated dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET). Examples of RGNT or DNET with anaplastic change are rare, and typically occur in the setting of radiation treatment. We present the case of a 5-year-old girl with seizures, who underwent near total resection of a cystic temporal lobe lesion. Pathology showed morphologic and immunohistochemical features of RGNT, albeit with focally overlapping DNET-like patterns. Resections of residual or recurrent tumor were performed 1 year and 5 years after the initial resection, but no adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy was given. Ten years after the initial resection, surveillance imaging identified new and enhancing nodules, leading to another gross total resection. This specimen showed areas similar to the original tumor, but also high-grade foci with oligodendroglial morphology, increased cellularity, palisading necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and up to 13 mitotic figures per 10 high power fields. Ancillary studies the status by sequencing showed wild-type of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), IDH2, and human histone 3.3 (H3F3A) genes, and BRAF studies were negative for mutation or rearrangement. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed codeletion of 1p and 19q limited to the high-grade regions. By immunohistochemistry there was loss of nuclear alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome, X-linked (ATRX) expression only in the high-grade region. Next-generation sequencing showed an fibroblast growth factor receptor receptor 1 (FGFR1) kinase domain internal tandem duplication in three resection specimens. ATRX mutation in the high-grade tumor was confirmed by sequencing which showed a frameshift mutation (p.R1427fs), while the apparent 1p/19q-codeletion by FISH was due to loss of chromosome arm 1p and only partial loss of 19q. Exceptional features of this case include the temporal lobe location, 1p/19q loss by FISH without true whole-arm codeletion, and anaplastic transformation associated with ATRX mutation without radiation or chemotherapy

Análisis estadístico de los factores que determinan el arraigo de las personas extranjeras en España

Desde el año 2000, España ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial en cuanto a número de residentes de nacionalidad extranjera se refiere, este hecho ha provocado que se hayan tenido que revisar ciertas estructuras tanto política como legal y socialmente para darle el mejor encaje a estos nuevos ciudadanos. El fenómeno de la inmigración es un elemento inherente a la evolución de la propia vida humana. Las personas siempre han tenido la necesidad de mejorar sus condiciones de vida y la de sus familias, y el emigrar a un país diferente en busca de mejores oportunidades, ha sido históricamente una de las vías más comunes. En línea con lo anterior, en este trabajo se busca analizar las características, las fórmulas y los mecanismos mediante los cuales, estos ciudadanos extranjeros llegados a España han conseguido adaptarse y encajar en la vida social dentro de territorio español. Los resultados obtenidos, permiten afirmar que principalmente son los jóvenes de entre 25 y 30 años, procedentes de América latina y Marruecos, los que presentan un perfil más favorable en relación con la adaptación y el arraigo al territorio de España. Comúnmente esto suelen dedicarse a profesiones que no requieren de alta cualificación. No obstante, intervienen otros factores como el nivel educativo o la zona de residencia que tienen cierta influencia en este arraigo. Algo que también se puede afirmar a la luz de los resultados de este análisis, es que el género, de manera general, no es un factor determinante respecto a la adaptación a un territorio concreto

Di balik peradaban keramik natuna

Peradaban Nusantara tidak lepas dari sisi kemaritimannya. perairan melingkupi ribuan pulau-pulau yang berjajar dari Barat ke Timur, Asia dan Australia dan dua Samudera Hindia dan Pasifik. Kebudayaan maritim banyak meninggalakan Warisan Budaya, baik yang berada di darat maupun air. warisan Budaya bawah air seringkali terletak di lokasi yang sulit dijangkau dan belum dapat diawasi secara maksimal, sehingga sering terjadi perusakan dan pencurian. Di Kepulauan Natuna, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau banyak terdapat Warisan Budaya bawah air kerena dahulu wilayah ini merupakan jalur pelayaran yang ramai di lalui. Untuk mengungkapkan nnilai di balik Warisan Budaya yang tenggelam di dasar laut Kepulauan Natuna dilakukan survei Arkeologi. Salah satu situs yang dituju pada tahun 2015 adalah Teluk Buton

The Hubble Space Telescope Extragalactic Distance Scale Key Project XXIII. The Discovery of Cepheids In NGC 3319

The distance to NGC 3319 has been determined from Cepheid variable stars as part of the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Thirteen and four epochs of observations, using filters F555W (V) and F814W (I) respectively, were made with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2. Thirty-three Cepheid variables between periods of 8 and 47 days were discovered. Adopting a Large Magellanic Cloud distance modulus of 18.50 +- 0.10 mag and extinction of E(V-I)=0.13 mag, a true reddening-corrected distance modulus (based on an analysis employing the ALLFRAME software package) of 30.78 +- 0.14 (random) +- 0.10 (systematic) mag and the extinction of E(V-I) = 0.06 mag were determined for NGC 3319. This galaxy is the last galaxy observed for the HST H0 Key Project.Comment: 22 pages. A gzipped tar file containing 16 figures can be obtained from http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/H0kp/n3319/n3319.htm

The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XVII. The Cepheid Distance to NGC 4725

The distance to NGC 4725 has been derived from Cepheid variables, as part of the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale. Thirteen F555W (V) and four F814W (I) epochs of cosmic-ray-split Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 observations were obtained. Twenty Cepheids were discovered, with periods ranging from 12 to 49 days. Adopting a Large Magellanic Cloud distance modulus and extinction of 18.50+/-0.10 mag and E(V-I)=0.13 mag, respectively, a true reddening-corrected distance modulus (based on an analysis employing the ALLFRAME software package) of 30.50 +/- 0.16 (random) +/- 0.17 (systematic) mag was determined for NGC 4725. The corresponding of distance of 12.6 +/- 1.0 (random) +/- 1.0 (systematic) Mpc is in excellent agreement with that found with an independent analysis based upon the DoPHOT photometry package. With a foreground reddening of only E(V-I)=0.02, the inferred intrinsic reddening of this field in NGC 4725, E(V-I)=0.19, makes it one of the most highly-reddened, encountered by the HST Key Project, to date.Comment: To be published in The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 512 (1999). 34 pages, LaTeX, 9 jpg figure

Canagliflozin extends life span in genetically heterogeneous male but not female mice.

Canagliflozin (Cana) is an FDA-approved diabetes drug that protects against cardiovascular and kidney diseases. It also inhibits the sodium glucose transporter 2 by blocking renal reuptake and intestinal absorption of glucose. In the context of the mouse Interventions Testing Program, genetically heterogeneous mice were given chow containing Cana at 180 ppm at 7 months of age until their death. Cana extended median survival of male mice by 14%. Cana also increased by 9% the age for 90th percentile survival, with parallel effects seen at each of 3 test sites. Neither the distribution of inferred cause of death nor incidental pathology findings at end-of-life necropsies were altered by Cana. Moreover, although no life span benefits were seen in female mice, Cana led to lower fasting glucose and improved glucose tolerance in both sexes, diminishing fat mass in females only. Therefore, the life span benefit of Cana is likely to reflect blunting of peak glucose levels, because similar longevity effects are seen in male mice given acarbose, a diabetes drug that blocks glucose surges through a distinct mechanism, i.e., slowing breakdown of carbohydrate in the intestine. Interventions that control daily peak glucose levels deserve attention as possible preventive medicines to protect from a wide range of late-life neoplastic and degenerative diseases

The HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale XIV. The Cepheids in NGC 1365

We report the detection of Cepheid variable stars in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365, located in the Fornax cluster, using the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2. Twelve V (F555W) and four I (F814W) epochs of observation were obtained. The two photometry packages, ALLFRAME and DoPHOT, were separately used to obtain profile-fitting photometry of all the stars in the HST field. The search for Cepheid variable stars resulted in a sample of 52 variables, with periods between 14 and 60 days, in common with both datasets. ALLFRAME photometry and light curves of the Cepheids are presented. A subset of 34 Cepheids were selected on the basis of period, light curve shape, similar ALLFRAME and DoPHOT periods, color, and relative crowding, to fit the Cepheid period-luminosity relations in V and I for both ALLFRAME and DoPHOT. The measured distance modulus to NGC 1365 from the ALLFRAME photometry is 31.31 +/- 0.20 (random) +/- 0.18 (systematic) mag, corresponding to a distance of 18.3 +/- 1.7 (random) +/- 1.6 (systematic) Mpc. The reddening is measured to be E(V-I) = 0.16 +/- 0.08 mag. These values are in excellent agreement with those obtained using the DoPHOT photometry, namely a distance modulus of 31.26 +/- 0.10 mag, and a reddening of 0.15 +/- 0.10 mag (internal errors only).Comment: 48 pages, 8 tables, 8 figures, to appear in Ap

WOSMIP II- Workshop on Signatures of Medical and Industrial Isotope Production

Medical and industrial fadioisotopes are fundamental tools used in science, medicine and industry with an ever expanding usage in medical practice where their availability is vital. Very sensitive environmental radionuclide monitoring networks have been developed for nuclear-security-related monitoring [particularly Comprehensive Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) compliance verification] and are now operational