5 research outputs found
Modeling Androgen Receptor Flexibility: A Binding Mode Hypothesis of CYP17 Inhibitors/Antiandrogens for Prostate Cancer Therapy
Prostate Cancer (PCa), a leading cause of cancer death
worldwide
(www.cancer.gov), is a complex malignancy where a spectrum
of targets leads to a diversity of PCa forms. A widely pursued therapeutic
target is the Androgen Receptor (AR). As a Steroid Hormone Receptor,
AR serves as activator of transcription upon binding to androgens
and plays a central role in the development of PCa. AR is a structurally
flexible protein, and conformational plasticity of residues in the
binding-pocket is a key to its ability to accommodate ligands from
various chemical classes. Besides direct modulation of AR activity
by antagonists, inhibition of cytochrome CYP17 (17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase),
essential in androgen biosynthesis, has widely been considered an
effective strategy against PCa. Interestingly, Handratta et al. (2005)
discovered new, potent inhibitors of CYP17 (C-17 steroid derivatives)
with pure AR antagonistic properties. Although the antiandrogenic
activity of their lead compound (VN/124-1) has been experimentally
proven both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo,</i> no structural data are currently available to elucidate the molecular
determinants responsible for these desirable dual inhibitory properties.
We implemented a Structure-based Drug Design (SBDD) approach to generate
a valuable hypothesis as to the binding modes of steroidal CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens
against the AR. To deal with the plasticity of residues buried in
the Ligand Binding Domain (LBD), we developed a flexible-receptor
Docking protocol based on Induced-Fit (IFD) methodology (www.schrodinger.com/). Our results constitute an ideal starting point for the rational
design of next-generation analogues of CYP17 inhibitors/antiandrogens
as well as an attractive tool to suggest novel chemical classes of
AR antagonists