Hypoglycemic effects of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica extracts in vitro

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica using various in vitro techniques.MethodsThe selected plant extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in vitro glucose diffusion, in vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells.ResultsIt was observed that both the plant extracts adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. No significant (p⩽0.05) differences were observed between the adsorption capacities of B. aristata and T. indica. The results of amylolysis kinetic experimental model exhibited that the rate of glucose diffusion was increased with time from 30 to 180min and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. It was observed that the plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells. Enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. B. aristata extract exhibited significantly higher (p⩽0.05) activity than the extract of T. indica at all concentrations.ConclusionThe results of the study verified the hypoglycemic activity of the extracts of B. aristata and T. indica. However, the observed effects need to be confirmed using different in vivo models and clinical trials for their effective utilization as therapeutic agents

Evaluación de dimetilsulfóxido y Aloe vera como potenciadores de la penetración para la aplicación cutánea de lidocaína

Objective: The objective of the present work was to compare and verify efficacy of Aloe vera (1 to 3 %) with dimethyl sulfoxide (1 to 3 %) for its penetration enhancing property for topical delivery of lidocaine. Method: Carbopol 934 was used as gelling agent for preparation of lidocaine gel formulations containing or not dimetilsulfoxido or Aloe vera (1%, 2% and 3%). Gels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behavior, drug content, drug release and stability. Results: It was inferred from result that obtained gel formulation were good in appearance, homogeneity and consistency. In vitro drug release profiles showed that concentrations of Aloe vera gel increased in formulations, the drug release rate increased substantially. It was observed that F6 formulation which comprised of 3% Aloe vera as permeation enhancer exhibited 79.18 % of drug release. Similarly, for formulation F3 which comprised of 3% dimetilsulfoxido as permeation enhancer the drug release was found to be 84.52%. Use of Aloe vera may prove to be beneficial as compared to synthetic permeation enhancers. Conclusion: Based on results of the study it was concluded that the topical gel of lidocaine prepared along with Carbopol 934 by using Aloe vera as a natural penetration enhancer at a concentration of 3% can be used to enhance the penetration for lidocain across the skin.Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar y verificar la eficacia de Aloe vera (1 a 3%) con dimetilsulfoxido (1 a 3%) por su propiedad de mejora de la penetración para la administración tópica de lidocaína. Método: Carbopol 934 se usó como agente gelificante para la preparación de formulaciones de gel de lidocaína que contenían o no dimetilsulfoxido o Aloe vera (1%, 2% y 3%). Los geles se evaluaron por su aspecto físico, comportamiento reológico, contenido de fármaco, liberación de fármaco y estabilidad. Resultados: Se dedujo del resultado que la formulación del gel obtenido era adecuada en apariencia, homogeneidad y consistencia. Los perfiles de liberación de fármaco in vitro mostraron que conforme aumentaban el porcentaje de “Aloe vera” en las formulaciones, la tasa de liberación del fármaco se incrementaba sustancialmente. Se observó que la formulación F6 que contenía un 3% de Aloe vera como potenciador de la permeación exhibía un 79,18% de liberación de fármaco. De manera similar, para la formulación F3, que comprendía un 3% de DMSO como potenciador de la permeación, se encontró que la liberación del fármaco era del 84,52%. El uso de Aloe vera puede resultar beneficioso en comparación con los potenciadores de permeación sintéticos. Conclusión: Sobre la base de los resultados del estudio, se concluyó que el gel tópico de lidocaína preparado junto con Carbopol 934 mediante el uso de Aloe vera como un potenciador natural de la penetración a una concentración del 3%, se puede usar para mejorar la penetración de lidocaína en la piel

Cribado de la actividad hipoglucémica in vitro de Murraya koenigii y Catharanthus roseu

Objective: The study aimed to verify the hypoglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) by using various in-vitro techniques. Method: The extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in-vitro glucose diffusion, in-vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. Results: It was observed that the extracts of M. koenigii and C. roseus adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both the plant extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to control. The extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells and the enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. The extract of M. koenigii exhibited significantly higher (p≤0.05) activity than the extract of C. roseus at all concentrations used in the study. Our report suggests the mechanism(s) for the hypoglycemic effect of M. koenigii and C. roseus. Conclusion: The said effect was observed to be mediated by inhibiting alpha amylase, inhibiting glucose diffusion by adsorbing glucose and by increasing glucose transport across the cell membranes as revealed by in-vitro model of yeast cells. However, these effects need to be affirmed by using different in vivo models and clinical trials.Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto hipoglucémico de Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) y Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) mediante el uso de diversas técnicas in vitro. Método: Los extractos se estudiaron por sus efectos sobre la capacidad de adsorción de glucosa, la difusión de glucosa in vitro, la cinética de amilolisis in vitro y el transporte de glucosa a través de las células de levadura. Resultados: se observó que los extractos de M. koenigii y C. roseus adsorbieron glucosa y la adsorción de glucosa aumentó notablemente con un aumento en la concentración de glucosa. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) entre sus capacidades de adsorción. En el modelo experimental cinético de amilolisis, se encontró que la velocidad de difusión de glucosa aumentaba con el tiempo de 30 a 180 min y ambos extractos de planta exhibían efectos inhibitorios significativos sobre el movimiento de la glucosa hacia la solución externa a través de la membrana de diálisis en comparación con el control. Los extractos también promovieron la absorción de glucosa por las células de levadura y la mejora de la captación de glucosa dependió tanto de la muestra como de la concentración de glucosa. El extracto de M. koenigii exhibió una actividad significativamente mayor (p≤0.05) que el extracto de C. roseus en todas las concentraciones utilizadas en el estudio. Nuestro informe sugiere el mecanismo (s) para el efecto hipoglucemiante de M. koenigii y C. roseus. Conclusión: Se observó que dicho efecto estaba mediado por la inhibición de la alfa amilasa, la inhibición de la difusión de glucosa por la adsorción de glucosa y el aumento del transporte de glucosa a través de las membranas celulares según lo revelado por el modelo in vitro de células de levadura. Sin embargo, estos efectos deben ser afirmados mediante el uso de diferentes modelos in vivo y ensayos clínicos

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF KOHL/KAJAL PREPARED BY DIFFERENT INDIAN METHODS AGAINST SELECTED MICROBIAL STRAINS

Objective: To prepare and evaluate different types of Kajal formulations and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity along with preliminary verification of the content responsible for the said effect. Methods: We have prepared kajal formulations by use of different metal plates, marble tile, ghee and Aloe vera mucilage and tried to verify the antimicrobial effect attributed to the formulation by these substances. Results: Carbon soot obtained from the use of copper plate showed more antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, with zones of inhibition 18±0.235 mm, 17±0.124 mm and 19±0.528 mm respectively. Also this formulation at different concentrations when compared with Ciprofloxacin exhibited promising results. Moreover, this formulation when used with Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of (50:50) revealed a synergistic effect against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with zone of inhibition 22±0.578 mm and 20±0.987 mm at a concentration of 10 and 5 µg ml-1 respectively, whereas, Ciprofloxacin exhibited zone of inhibition of 26±0.457 mm and 24±0.751 mm at the similar concentrations. To assess the effectiveness of Aloe vera we used marbles tiles for collection of carbon soot. The zones of inhibition observed for Kohl formulations prepared by using carbon soot collected from marble tiles impregnated with Aloe vera mucilage exhibited less antimicrobial activity than that of copper soot against the selected microbial strains. Conclusion: All the prepared kajal formulations exhibited antimicrobial activity. Aloe vera and copper soot is responsible for significant antimicrobial activity and when combined with Ciprofloxacin it showed synergistic activity against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa

Hypoglycemic effects of Lagenaria siceraria, Cynodon dactylon and Stevia rebaudiana extracts

Introduction: The aim of the current analysis was to judge the hypoglycemic action of the phyto-extracts of Lagenaria siceraria, Cynodon dactylon and Stevia rebaudiana using suitable in vitro approaches. Methods: The hypoglycemic activity of the phyto-material extracts was evaluated by employing various in-vitro methods namely glucose diffusion, amylolysis kinetics and glucose adsorption capacity. Results: The extracts of L. siceraria, C. dactylon and S. rebaudiana exhibited glucose dialysis retardation indices (GDRI) of 48.14%, 37.03% and 29.62%, respectively at 60 minutes which were reduced to 15.78%, 10.52% and 18.42%, respectively at 120 minutes. All the plant extracts used in the study adsorbed glucose and their adsorptions markedly enhanced with increase in sugar concentration. Conclusion: From the outcome of the assay it can be concluded that the extracts of L. siceraria, C. dactylon and S. rebaudiana have hypoglycemic activity as observed in various in-vitro assays. However, the beneficial actions require to be verified by adopting various in vivo techniques along with clinical trials for their efficient use as potential remedial moiety

Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Estimation of Furosemide and Spironolactone by Vierordt’s Method in Bulk and Combined Tablet Dosage Form

Anew simple, convenient and suitable spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Furosemide and Spironolactone in combined dosage form has been developed and validated. Simultaneous equation method (Vierordt’s method) was used for determination of Furosemide and Spironolactone in combined dosage form. For spectrophotometric method development double distilled water and ethanol were used as a solvent in the ratio of (20:80). The proposed method was quantitatively evaluated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, lower limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), recovery and robustness. All the parameters were found to be within the acceptance limit. λmax of Furosemide and Spironolactone was found to be 275 and 237 nm respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration ranges of 2-10 μg mL−1 for both Furosemide and Spironolactone respectively. The % assay for commercial formulation was found to be 99.60%±0.0500 for Furosemide and 100.26%±1.17 for Spironolactone by the proposed methods. The overall recovery was observed to be 100.38±0.09% for Furosemide and 100.49±0.4197% for Spironolactone by simultaneous equation method (Vierordt’s method). LOD and LOQ were 0.76 and 2.32 μg mL−1 for Furosemide, 1.99 and 6.04 μg mL−1 for Spironolactone. A new simple, convenient, precise, rapid, accurate and economical and reliable spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the analysis of Furosemide and Spironolactone in bulk drug and their formulations

Preparation of Arjunāriṣṭa- Using Microbes Isolated from Woodfordia fruticosa Flowers (Dhayati)

Objective: To verify the utility of isolated fermentative microbes from Woodfordia fruticosa flowers for preparation of Arjunāriṣṭa formulation and its comparative evaluation with the same formulation prepared by traditional method. Methodology: In the present technique, isolated colonies of microorganisms from Woodfordia fruticosa(Dhātakī) flowers on Saubroad dextrose media were separated and suspended in sterile water. This suspension was aseptically added in previously sterilized mixtures containing all intended ingredients for Arjunāriṣṭa which was thereafter incubated for 20 days at 37×C to achieve optimal fermentation. The formulation thus obtained was further subjected to various evaluation tests. Result: Arjunāriṣṭa was prepared using a new approach, and in that, isolated microorganisms from the flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa (Dhātakī) were used. It was found that the new approach was successful in generating approximately same quantities of alcohol content in comparison with traditional methods which have shown varying concentration of alcoholic content. Moreover, the new process prevents the growth of unwanted microbes thus, optimizing standards for purity and safety of the formulation. Conclusion: The formulation prepared by a new procedure showed marked uniformity for different parameters such as alcohol production, total phenol content, total solid content as compared to that prepared by the traditional method. Similarly, the results of thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography showed marked uniformity related to quality, safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of the new method as compared to the traditional one. Thus, the modern technique was found to show reproducibility and facilitate easier quality assessment

Hypoglycemic effects of Lagenaria siceraria, Cynodon dactylon and Stevia rebaudiana extracts

Introduction: The aim of the current analysis was to judge the hypoglycemic action of the phyto-extracts of Lagenaria siceraria, Cynodon dactylon and Stevia rebaudiana using suitable in vitro approaches. Methods: The hypoglycemic activity of the phyto-material extracts was evaluated by employing various in-vitro methods namely glucose diffusion, amylolysis kinetics and glucose adsorption capacity. Results: The extracts of L. siceraria, C. dactylon and S. rebaudiana exhibited glucose dialysis retardation indices (GDRI) of 48.14%, 37.03% and 29.62%, respectively at 60 minutes which were reduced to 15.78%, 10.52% and 18.42%, respectively at 120 minutes. All the plant extracts used in the study adsorbed glucose and their adsorptions markedly enhanced with increase in sugar concentration. Conclusion: From the outcome of the assay it can be concluded that the extracts of L. siceraria, C. dactylon and S. rebaudiana have hypoglycemic activity as observed in various in-vitro assays. However, the beneficial actions require to be verified by adopting various in vivo techniques along with clinical trials for their efficient use as potential remedial moiety