Video framerate, resolution and grayscale tradeoffs for undersea telemanipulator

The product of Frame Rate (F) in frames per second, Resolution (R) in total pixels and grayscale in bits (G) equals the transmission band rate in bits per second. Thus for a fixed channel capacity there are tradeoffs between F, R and G in the actual sampling of the picture for a particular manual control task in the present case remote undersea manipulation. A manipulator was used in the MASTER/SLAVE mode to study these tradeoffs. Images were systematically degraded from 28 frames per second, 128 x 128 pixels and 16 levels (4 bits) grayscale, with various FRG combinations constructed from a real-time digitized (charge-injection) video camera. It was found that frame rate, resolution and grayscale could be independently reduced without preventing the operator from accomplishing his/her task. Threshold points were found beyond which degradation would prevent any successful performance. A general conclusion is that a well trained operator can perform familiar remote manipulator tasks with a considerably degrade picture, down to 50 K bits/ sec

Women in self help groups and Panchayti Raj institutions: suggesting synergistic linkages

"It can be said that given the fact India has seen two major initiatives towards women’s empowerment, in the guise of PRIs and micro finance, the time has now come for research to delve into unraveling the areas of overlap between the two processes. There are issues, which affect women’s lives intimately which are seen in both initiatives. A common conceptualization of empowerment should be used to gauge the extent of empowerment that has been unleashed by women’s participation in PRIs and in SHGs. It is not to suggest that necessarily there are similarities or that similarities have to found under any circumstance. The purpose of this paper has been to suggest that there already exist linkages between the two processes and the extent and scope of these linkages need further investigation. Such research will serve well to suggest policy change that will coordinate between these two processes.

Shape Optimization of Tunnel by Finite Element Method

The stresses around the periphery of tunnel openings are in general independent of factors such as size of the opening and elastic modulus of surrounding geotechnical material. The stresses however depend upon the shape of the opening and the residual stresses. At any point over the periphery the significant stresses are the normal stresses in the direction tangential to the opening periphery. By trials involving appropriate modifications to the finite element idealization, the shape of the opening could be derived such that the tangential tensile stresses are minimized and simultaneously the compressive tangential stresses are below the permissible limits. Though, pure theoretical analysis involving a trial process is available through the texts on structural optimization, the problem in case of tunnels has limitations. Here, selection has been made from few practically feasible shapes of the openings. This concept has been demonstrated in detail through nine different investigations for the case of a railway tunnel

Broad applications of diffusion bonding

Solid state joining of materials by diffusion bondin

No Sex Differences in Inflammatory Response and Vascular Function During Low Estrogen Phase

Click the PDF icon to download the abstrac

Cardiac Response to β2 - A drenergic Stimulation is Attenuated in Old Rats Despite Higher Protein Expression

poste