Effect of Job Stress, Benefits and Salary on Employee Job Satisfaction Based on Mediating and Moderating Role of Work Environment and Leadership: Evidence from Telecom Sector

The study aimed to explore the mediating role of work environment with employee job satisfaction, job stress and benefits and salary, to investigate the moderating effects of leadership between work environment and employee job satisfaction. The quantitative and inductive approach was used to collect data for 515 employees. The data was collected through a field survey with a closed-ended questionnaire methodology. The Smart-Partial Least Square (PLS-3.0) was used to analyze structural equation modeling (SEM) for studied variables. Furthermore, findings proved that there is a positive relationship between benefits and salary with employee job satisfaction. The work environment mediates the relationship between Benefits & salary and employee job satisfaction. Here, leadership moderates between work environment and employees' job satisfaction. The job stress has a relationship between employee job satisfaction, whereas, the work environment has a positive effect on job stress. This study assists the executive bodies of the telecommunication sector, how to reduce job stress and raise the level of job satisfaction among employees

Quality of Services and Satisfaction of Customer:Mediated by Consumer Buying Decision

During era of 1990s, Paktel enjoyed the profits and hold market in a hand. As time goes on other providers entered into the market. Than rivalry was increased due to the saturated market. This conditions benefitted customers and put them in myth of to whom they select as their basic service providers. This study conducted with the aim to investigate the influence of quality of services QoS and role of family and friends F&F, on consumer buying decision CBD and satisfaction of customers SoC. 567 responses collected via field survey. The techniques of bootstrapping, PLS Algorithms, and structural equation modeling was used. Findings involve CBD positively and significantly mediate between QoS, F&F and SoC. Moreover positive and significant direct relationship founded between QoS and SoC Keywords: Quality of Services (QoS), Family and Friends (F&F), Satisfaction of Customer (SoC), Consumer Buying Decision (CBD). DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-12-18 Publication date: April 30th 201

Impact of herding behavior and overconfidence bias on investors’ decision-making in Pakistan

Investors’ decision-making are influenced by certain biases as reported in literature. Fundamental analysis is based on the assumption that investors think rationally, but in practice, things may be different. This study captures the impact of herding behavior and overconfidence biases on the investors’ decision-making in Pakistan. The proposed study collects the necessary data through questionnaires distributed among 150 respondents who were active in stock market and manage to process 100 completed ones. The relationships between investors’ decision-making and herding behavior as well as overconfidence biases were empirically tested using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results show that Pakistani investors’ decisions were significantly influenced by both herding behavior and overconfidence biases

Are Growth Led Financing Decisions Causing Insolvency in Listed Firms of Pakistan?

We examine the relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in a mediating framework through financing decisions for 330 listed firms on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) This study covers a data period of five years ranging from 2013 to 2017. Financing decisions used in this study involve capital structure decision and debt maturity decision. We applied robust clustered panel OLS regression to the data and found a negative relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in all samples consisting of overall, large and small firms. Growth opportunities have a negative impact on the capital structure, but debt maturity was influenced positively. Financing decisions influenced the insolvency risk positively. We used Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach to detect the intervening effects of financing decisions. Further, Sobel’s test used to check the significance of mediation. Partial mediation was found for the debt maturity ratio in the large and overall sample of firms. However, the capital structure did not mediate the relationship between growth opportunities and insolvency risk in this study

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Conventional and Islamic Equity Market Reaction Towards Terrorism: Evidence Based on Target Types, Location and Islamic Calendar Months

This study investigates the conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events in Pakistan from 2009 to 2016 using OLS regression and GARCH (1, 1) models. The prospect theory and efficient market hypothesis are the relevant theories. Findings indicate that conventional and Islamic equity market reaction towards terrorism events is very short lived and markets recovers quickly. This study also documents the market reaction to terrorism events based on the target type, location and during the Islamic calendar months. The impact of different target types and different event locations on the conventional and Islamic equity markets varies. The equity markets in Pakistan responds negatively to the attacks on educational institutes and businesses whereas positively to attacks on armed forces’ facilities. Furthermore, conventional equity market responds negatively to terrorist attacks in Karachi and positively to attacks in financial cities and FATA. Interestingly, Islamic equity market responds positively towards the attacks in financial cities and FATA, however, with very minute reaction magnitude. The findings of this study are useful for the investors to manage their portfolios by considering magnitude and direction of market reaction towards terrorism based on the target type, location and Islamic months. Overall, this study concludes that conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction towards terrorism is very minute; however, the conventional and Islamic equity markets reaction varies based on target type, event location and different Islamic calendar months. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that equity markets recover very soon, therefore, markets are efficient in observing these shocks

Analyzing the Factors of Firm Liquidity in Chemical Products and Pharmaceuticals Sector of Pakistan

oai:ojs2.ramss.spcrd.net:article/3Current study aims at identifying the firm level and country level determinants of liquidity in listed firms of chemical products and pharmaceutical sector at PSX. The data sample consists of 36 firms over a period of five years ranging from 2013 to 2017. A panel OLS regression with robust standard errors is used to estimate the relationships. Results proved a positive and significant impact of debt maturity, profitability and risk on liquidity. Capital structure and asset tangibility turned out as significant negative influencer of current ratio. All the three macroeconomic variables had a significant role in defining liquidity position. However, GDP influenced liquidity positively but KIBOR and CPI had negative influence

Can low-carbon pilot policies improve the efficiency of urban carbon emissions?--A quasi-natural experiment based on 282 prefecture-level cities across China.

Low-carbon pilot policies are an important way to achieve the goal of "peak carbon neutrality" and are of great significance to China's international commitments. Based on a sample of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2020, this paper investigates the impact of low-carbon pilot policies on urban carbon efficiency using a quasi-natural experiment with three batches of low-carbon pilot cities in 2010, 2012, and 2017, respectively. It is found that: (1) low-carbon pilot cities can improve urban carbon emission efficiency, which is still valid after a series of robustness tests such as the parallel trend test, placebo test, PSM-DID, and counterfactual test; (2) low-carbon pilot cities can enhance urban carbon emission efficiency by promoting the level of urban innovation and advanced urban industrial structure; and (3) the impact of low-carbon pilot policies on urban carbon emission efficiency is heterogeneous across cities with different geographical locations, population sizes, and resource endowment types. The findings provide policy insights for the promotion of low-carbon pilot policies and strengthening the construction of low-carbon pilot cities

Can low-carbon pilot policies improve the efficiency of urban carbon emissions?——A quasi-natural experiment based on 282 prefecture-level cities across China

Low-carbon pilot policies are an important way to achieve the goal of "peak carbon neutrality" and are of great significance to China’s international commitments. Based on a sample of 282 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2020, this paper investigates the impact of low-carbon pilot policies on urban carbon efficiency using a quasi-natural experiment with three batches of low-carbon pilot cities in 2010, 2012, and 2017, respectively. It is found that: (1) low-carbon pilot cities can improve urban carbon emission efficiency, which is still valid after a series of robustness tests such as the parallel trend test, placebo test, PSM-DID, and counterfactual test; (2) low-carbon pilot cities can enhance urban carbon emission efficiency by promoting the level of urban innovation and advanced urban industrial structure; and (3) the impact of low-carbon pilot policies on urban carbon emission efficiency is heterogeneous across cities with different geographical locations, population sizes, and resource endowment types. The findings provide policy insights for the promotion of low-carbon pilot policies and strengthening the construction of low-carbon pilot cities

Is state-owned enterprise merging private enterprise “market choice” or “space crowding” ? —Based on the motives of equity transfer of mixed-ownership enterprises

Many state-owned enterprises have mergers and acquisitions (M&A) with private enterprises, which has caused private enterprises to worry about their living space being squeezed. Based on 572 data records about equity transfers of Chinese listed companies extracted from CSMAR4.0 from 2013 to 2020, this paper categorized ownership structures into three categories: privatization of state-owned enterprises (Category 1), state-owned enterprises merging private enterprises (Category 2), and state-owned enterprises merging state-owned enterprises (Category 3). The categorical regression of ex-ante equity transfer motivation revealed that the motives for Category 1 conformed to the phenomenon of the “pretty girl gets married first” and “embezzlement view.” Category In contrast, the motives for Category 2 conformed to the “fiscal revenue view.” The categorical regression of ex-post equity transfer motivation showed that all three types significantly improved various efficiencies and represented an optimal allocation of resources. Moreover, it was revealed that the transfer of equity to state-owned enterprises by inefficient private firms in Category 2 also significantly improved enterprise efficiency. Thus, it can be considered as a rational behavior of market selection and never squeezed the space crowding. Further analysis showed that the efficiency improvement is due to the symbiotic development relationship rather than the antagonistic relationship between heterogeneous shareholders. Therefore, it is suggested to initiate market-oriented reform by actively developing ownership mixed-ownership economy and adhering to the “two unwavering” basic economic system