A STUDY ON EPIPHYTIC LICHENS FROM PRUNUS PERSICA

 Objective: The objective of this study is to explore and identify the epiphytic lichens on the tree bark of Prunus persica from Kodaikanal area and analyze its phytochemical properties.Methods: Samples were collected from Kodaikanal area, identified by morphological and chemical constituents. Macromolecules present were quantified by DNS method, Lowry's method, and lipid tests. The secondary metabolites present were analyzed by standard phytochemical tests and thin-layer chromatography.Results and Conclusion: It was interesting to observe that species belonging to the lichen genera - Parmotrema, Ramalina, and Usnea dominated the area. The samples have been identified and deposited in LWG herbarium, NBRI, Lucknow. As lichens form an ideal model to study the humongous secondary metabolites present in it, a preliminary investigation was performed to understand the nutritive value as well as phytochemicals present in the lichens. The results indicate that these organisms can be of potential medicinal value with Ramalina and Usnea species contributing good amount of macronutrients present in them, while qualitative analysis of phytochemicals reports all the lichens for enormous metabolites

Visual and Surface Properties of CdTe Thin Films on CdS/FTO Glass Substrates

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film material was deposited ontop of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) substrate using vacuum evaporation technique. The sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy. XRD studies revealed that the sample was polycrystalline in nature. The SEM image showed that the sample is columnar in structure and the grains are uniform. Optical band gap of the CdTe thin film was estimated from transmittance and reflectance data and it was found 1.53eV.The structural, optical and surface properties of the film showed that the CdTe thin film materials can be used for fabrication of CdTe thin film solar cell

Antiseptic treatment for human foot wounds using piper betel extract finished bamboo/cotton fabrics

In this study, the extracts of Piper betel leaves have been obtained and finished on to the natural and regenerated bamboo/cotton knitted fabrics. The finished fabrics are assessed for the antibacterial activity against the selected pathogens Staphylococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Proteus sp., which are commonly present in the human foot wounds. The obtained results are compared with the untreated fabrics and also with the fabric samples treated with two antibiotics, viz Cefixime and Levofloxacin which are commonly used for the treatment of the foot wounds. The herbal extract treated fabrics show good antibacterial activity against the pathogens, which makes them to have an antiseptic property. To enhance the wash durability of the finished samples the herbal extracts are microencapsulated and their wash durability is assessed using the standard methods

A Study on the Performances of Representation Strategies Handled For Text Categorization

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Conjunction Weighted Average Method with Fuzzy Expert System for Weather Event Forecasting – A Monthly Outlook

Fuzzy logic as a limiting case of approximate reasoning is viewed in exact reasoning, consider everything in a matter of degree. A collection of elastic or equivalently interpreted to knowledge, a collection of variables in fuzzy constraint. Inference is process as a propagation of elastic constraints. Every logical system is fuzzified in fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is fascinating area of research, it trading off between significance and precision. It is convenient way to map space of input to a space of output. Fuzzy logic as so far as the laws of Mathematics refers to reality, they are not certain and so far, as they are certain as complexity rises, precise statements lose meaning and meaningful statements lose precision. Most meteorological infrastructure is surprisingly versatile. For example, the same radar system that can detect oncoming storms will also be useful for gathering general rainfall data for the farming sector. Being able to predict and forecast the weather also allows for data to be gathered to build up a more detailed picture of a nation’s climate, and trends within i

A CLINICAL STUDY ON EFFECT OF SNEHANA NASYA IN VISHWACHI W.S.R TO CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS

Vishwachi is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi. It affects the neck and upper extremities with signs and symptoms like Ruk, Stambha, Toda, Karmakshaya and Chestapaharana of Bahu as explained by different Acharyas. Dalhana opines that the condition resembles Gridhrasi which affects the lower limb, and is of two types, Vataja and Vatakaphaja. The clinical presentation of Vishwachi is similar to that of Cervical Spondylosis which is a degenerative condition of the cervical spine. Being an Urdhwajatrugatavikara, Nasya karma has been mentioned as the prime line of treatment. Dhatukshaya can be considered as main factor leading to a condition like Vishwachi. Hence in order to find an effective solution in this condition, Snehana Nasya with Shuddhabala Taila has been taken for the study. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Snehana Nasya in Vishwachi. Methods: It is an open label single arm clinical trial with pre-test and post-test design. A special proforma was prepared considering history taking, physical examination and assessment needed for the condition. The study was carried out in 30 patients of Vishwachi. Nasya karma was done by instilling 16 Bindu of Shuddhabala Taila for 7 days. Data was collected on the 1st day before treatment and 7th day after treatment. Results: The reduction in severity of symptoms was statistically analysed by Wilcoxon sign rank test. Significant improvement was found in all the patients. Conclusion: Analysis of overall effect of the treatment showed significant results. Hence Nasya karma with Shuddhabala Taila was found to be effective in Vishwachi

SYNTHESIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL 2-(2-CYANO-3- (SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)ACRYLAMIDO)-4,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLATES

Objective: Objective of the study was to synthesize and evaluate a series of novel compounds, ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)- 4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates, for in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: Ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates were synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of active methylene group of ethyl 2-(2-cyanoacetamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate with substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties in three different models, viz., reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl free radical, scavenging of nitric oxide free radical, and ferric ion-induced lipid peroxidation using rat brain homogenate. Few selected compounds with good antioxidant properties were pharmacologically evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model.Results: Clean and efficient synthetic procedure was used for the preparation of series of compounds. The structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectra. The antioxidant activity data revealed that the compounds of ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate containing phenolic substitution showed greater antioxidant activity. Hence, the active compounds were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and found to possess good activity. The percentage inhibition of rat paw edema obtained for the evaluated compounds was in the range of 70.2-83.1, comparable to the standard drug diclofenac (85.0%).Conclusion: The use of inexpensive, eco-friendly and readily available reagents, easy work-up and high purity of products makes the procedure a convenient and robust method for the synthesis of title compounds. The compounds of ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5- dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate containing phenolic substitution showed greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities