26 research outputs found

    MADGene: retrieval and processing of gene identifier lists for the analysis of heterogeneous microarray datasets

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    Summary: MADGene is a software environment comprising a web-based database and a java application. This platform aims at unifying gene identifiers (ids) and performing gene set analysis. MADGene allows the user to perform inter-conversion of clone and gene ids over a large range of nomenclatures relative to 17 species. We propose a set of 23 functions to facilitate the analysis of gene sets and we give two microarray applications to show how MADGene can be used to conduct meta-analyses

    Immune Response and Mitochondrial Metabolism Are Commonly Deregulated in DMD and Aging Skeletal Muscle

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    Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a complex process involving multiple pathways downstream of the primary genetic insult leading to fatal muscle degeneration. Aging muscle is a multifactorial neuromuscular process characterized by impaired muscle regeneration leading to progressive atrophy. We hypothesized that these chronic atrophying situations may share specific myogenic adaptative responses at transcriptional level according to tissue remodeling. Muscle biopsies from four young DMD and four AGED subjects were referred to a group of seven muscle biopsies from young subjects without any neuromuscular disorder and explored through a dedicated expression microarray. We identified 528 differentially expressed genes (out of 2,745 analyzed), of which 328 could be validated by an exhaustive meta-analysis of public microarray datasets referring to DMD and Aging in skeletal muscle. Among the 328 validated co-expressed genes, 50% had the same expression profile in both groups and corresponded to immune/fibrosis responses and mitochondrial metabolism. Generalizing these observed meta-signatures with large compendia of public datasets reinforced our results as they could be also identified in other pathological processes and in diverse physiological conditions. Focusing on the common gene signatures in these two atrophying conditions, we observed enrichment in motifs for candidate transcription factors that may coordinate either the immune/fibrosis responses (ETS1, IRF1, NF1) or the mitochondrial metabolism (ESRRA). Deregulation in their expression could be responsible, at least in part, for the same transcriptome changes initiating the chronic muscle atrophy. This study suggests that distinct pathophysiological processes may share common gene responses and pathways related to specific transcription factors

    Meta-analysis of muscle transcriptome data using the MADMuscle database reveals biologically relevant gene patterns

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DNA microarray technology has had a great impact on muscle research and microarray gene expression data has been widely used to identify gene signatures characteristic of the studied conditions. With the rapid accumulation of muscle microarray data, it is of great interest to understand how to compare and combine data across multiple studies. Meta-analysis of transcriptome data is a valuable method to achieve it. It enables to highlight conserved gene signatures between multiple independent studies. However, using it is made difficult by the diversity of the available data: different microarray platforms, different gene nomenclature, different species studied, etc.</p> <p>Description</p> <p>We have developed a system tool dedicated to muscle transcriptome data. This system comprises a collection of microarray data as well as a query tool. This latter allows the user to extract similar clusters of co-expressed genes from the database, using an input gene list. Common and relevant gene signatures can thus be searched more easily. The dedicated database consists in a large compendium of public data (more than 500 data sets) related to muscle (skeletal and heart). These studies included seven different animal species from invertebrates (<it>Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans</it>) and vertebrates (<it>Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Canis familiaris, Gallus gallus</it>). After a renormalization step, clusters of co-expressed genes were identified in each dataset. The lists of co-expressed genes were annotated using a unified re-annotation procedure. These gene lists were compared to find significant overlaps between studies.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Applied to this large compendium of data sets, meta-analyses demonstrated that conserved patterns between species could be identified. Focusing on a specific pathology (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) we validated results across independent studies and revealed robust biomarkers and new pathways of interest. The meta-analyses performed with MADMuscle show the usefulness of this approach. Our method can be applied to all public transcriptome data.</p

    Une méthode implicative pour l'analyse de données d'expression de gÚnes

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    Application de techniques de fouille de données en Bio-informatique

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    Les travaux de recherche prĂ©sentĂ©s par l'auteur ont pour objet l'application de techniques d'extraction de connaissances Ă  partir de donnĂ©es (ECD) en biologie. Deux thĂšmes majeurs de recherche en bio-informatique sont abordĂ©s : la recherche d'homologues distants dans des familles de protĂ©ines et l'analyse du transcriptome. La recherche d'homologues distants Ă  partir de sĂ©quences protĂ©iques est une problĂ©matique qui consiste Ă  dĂ©couvrir de nouveaux membres d'une famille de protĂ©ines. Celle-ci partageant gĂ©nĂ©ralement une fonction biologique, l'identification de la famille permet d'investiguer le rĂŽle d'une sĂ©quence protĂ©ique. Des classifieurs ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s pour discriminer une superfamille de protĂ©ines particuliĂšre, celle des cytokines. Ces protĂ©ines sont impliquĂ©es dans le systĂšme immunitaire et leur Ă©tude est d'une importance cruciale en thĂ©rapeutique. La technique des SĂ©parateurs Ă  Vastes Marges (SVM) a Ă©tĂ© retenue, cette technique ayant donnĂ© les rĂ©sultats les plus prometteurs pour ce type d'application. Une mĂ©thode originale de classification a Ă©tĂ© conçue, basĂ©e sur une Ă©tape prĂ©liminaire de dĂ©couverte de mots sur-reprĂ©sentĂ©s dans la famille d'intĂ©rĂȘt. L'apport de cette dĂ©marche est d'utiliser un dictionnaire retreint de motifs discriminants, par rapport Ă  des techniques utilisant un espace global de k-mots. Une comparaison avec ces derniĂšres mĂ©thodes montre la pertinence de cette approche en termes de performances de classification. La seconde contribution pour cette thĂ©matique porte sur l'agrĂ©gation des classifieurs basĂ©e sur des essaims grammaticaux. Cette mĂ©thode vise Ă  optimiser l'association de classifieurs selon des modĂšles de comportement sociaux, Ă  la maniĂšre des algorithmes gĂ©nĂ©tiques d'optimisation. Le deuxiĂšme axe de recherche traite de l'analyse des donnĂ©es du transcriptome. L'Ă©tude du transcriptome reprĂ©sente un enjeu considĂ©rable, tant du point de vue de la comprĂ©hension des mĂ©canismes du vivant que des applications cliniques et pharmacologiques. L'analyse implicative sur des rĂšgles d'association, dĂ©veloppĂ©e initialement par RĂ©gis Gras, a Ă©tĂ© appliquĂ©e aux donnĂ©es du transcriptome. Une approche originale basĂ©e sur des rangs d'observation a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e. Deux applications illustrent la pertinence de cette mĂ©thode : la sĂ©lection de gĂšnes informatifs et la classification de tumeurs. Enfin, une collaboration Ă©troite avec une Ă©quipe INSERM dirigĂ©e par RĂ©mi Houlgatte a conduit Ă  l'enrichissement d'une suite logicielle dĂ©diĂ©e aux donnĂ©es de puces Ă  ADN. Cette collection d'outils dĂ©nommĂ©e MADTOOLS a pour objectifs l'intĂ©gration de donnĂ©es du transcriptome et l'aide Ă  la mĂ©ta-analyse. Une application majeure de cette suite utilise les donnĂ©es publiques relatives aux pathologies musculaires. La mĂ©ta-analyse, en se basant sur des jeux de donnĂ©es indĂ©pendants, amĂ©liore grandement la robustesse des rĂ©sultats. L'Ă©tude systĂ©matique de ces donnĂ©es a mis en Ă©vidence des groupes de gĂšnes co-exprimĂ©s de façon rĂ©currente. Ces groupes conservent leur propriĂ©tĂ© discriminante au travers de jeux trĂšs divers en termes d'espĂšces, de maladies ou de conditions expĂ©rimentales. Cette Ă©tude peut Ă©videmment se gĂ©nĂ©raliser Ă  l'ensemble des donnĂ©es publiques concernant le transcriptome. Elle ouvre la voie Ă  une approche Ă  trĂšs grande Ă©chelle de ce type de donnĂ©es pour l'Ă©tude d'autres pathologies humaines

    CPD tree learning using contexts as background knowledge

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    International audienc

    Agrégation de classi eurs et d'experts pour la recherche d'homologues chez les cytokines à quatre hélices alpha

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    L'objectif de ce travail est la mise au point d'une méthode de détection d'homologues de cytokines inconnues. J'ai dans un premier temps évalué plusieurs classifieurs SVM. J'ai ensuite proposé d'ajouter, sous la forme d'experts automatiques, des connaissances spécifiques à la famille étudiée. Enfin, afin de maximiser l'efficacité de leur association, j'ai comparé différentes méthodes d'agrégation. Je propose une méthode performante, basée sur la combinaisons de ces classifieurs et de ces experts, généralisable à d'autres familles de protéines.I was working on a particular gene family : the four helix cytokines. The major purpose of this work was to design a new method to detected still unknown members in the human genome. The first part of my work was to compare SVM classifiers, which is known as the best strategy for homologs research, from the literature. During the second part of my work, i designed automatical experts which deals with information like biological features.The last part of my work consisted in evaluating methods to aggregate classifiers and experts. This strategy achieve better results than the best classifer alone and it can easily be adapted to other gene family.NANTES-BU Médecine pharmacie (441092101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    DĂ©tection de faibles homologies de proteines par machines Ă  vecteurs de support

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    National audienceno abstrac

    Multiple hypothesis testing and quasi essential graph for comparing two sets of bayesian networks

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    Differential study of the cytokine network in the immune system: An evolutionary approach based on the Bayesian networks

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    International audienceIn this paper, we present a Bayesian networks (BNs) approach in order to infer the di erentiation of the cytokine implication in di erent experimental conditions. We introduce an evolutionary method for BNs structure learning that maintains a set of the best learned networks. Each of them will be tested by a statistic test with two populations of patient data: one with treatment (drugs), other without treatment
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