Effect of Combined PD-1 and IL-6 Blockade on K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1212/thumbnail.jp

Integración de la incertidumbre natural temporal y espacial asociada al coeficiente de rugosidad Manning en modelos bidimensionales de inundaciones rápidas

Context: The natural spatial and temporal variability (uncertainty) of the inputs involved in hydrodynamic modeling for hazard assessment and delineation of potentially flood-prone areas is propagated in the output variables of the models. In normal practice, only natural temporal variability in terms of return period is usually considered, but the propagation of spatial uncertainty is unknown. Methodoly: This paper presents the analysis of uncertainty propagation using the first order second moment method of Manning’s roughness coefficient in the depth, velocity and flow intensity output variables of the numerical shallow water model implemented in HEC RAS 2D. A simulated flash flood in the municipality of Mocoa (Putumayo) and the corresponding probability of reaching a damage level for different return periods were analyzed, regarding the events occurred in March 2017. Results: A procedure applicable to flood hazard assessment is obtained where the temporal natural variability associated to hydrographs with different return periods and the spatial natural variability associated to the Manning’s roughness coefficient are integrated. Conclusions: The propagation of uncertainty was able to establish a direct relationship between the increase of flow (return periods) and the increase of uncertainty in the evaluation of the flood hazard indicator.  Contexto: La variabilidad natural (incertidumbre) espacial y la temporal de los insumos que intervienen en la modelación hidrodinámica, para la evaluación de la amenaza y la delimitación de las zonas potencialmente inundables, se propagan en las variables de salida de los modelos. En la práctica, suele considerarse la variabilidad natural temporal en términos de periodo de retorno, pero poco se ha analizado la propagación de la incertidumbre espacial del coeficiente de rugosidad. Metodología: En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de la propagación de la incertidumbre a través del método primer orden segundo momento del coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning, en las variables de salida de profundidad, velocidad e intensidad de flujo del modelo numérico de aguas someras, implementado en HEC RAS 2D. Se analizó una inundación súbita simulada en el municipio de Mocoa (Putumayo) y la correspondiente probabilidad de alcanzar un nivel de daño para diferentes periodos de retorno, a propósito de los eventos ocurridos en marzo de 2017. Resultados: Se obtiene un procedimiento aplicable a la evaluación de la amenaza de inundación, en el que se integra la variabilidad natural temporal asociada a las hidrógrafas con diferentes periodos de retorno, y la variabilidad natural espacial relacionada con el coeficiente de rugosidad de Manning. Conclusiones: La propagación de la incertidumbre establece una relación directa entre el aumento del caudal (periodos de retorno) y el aumento de la incertidumbre en la evaluación del indicador de amenaza por inundación

Geomatics’ procedures and dynamic identification for the structural survey of the church of ‘San Juan Bautista de Huaro’ in Perú

This paper presents the feasibility of combining geometrical survey and in-situ non-destructive testing for the structural assessment of historical earthen constructions, which has typically difficult and non-documented geometries, unknown and highly variable materials, not visible damage states, and non-well de-fined boundaries and diaphragm conditions. Particularly, this paper presents the results of geometrical and structural surveys that are being carried out in the church ‘San Juan Bautista de Huaro’ in Cusco, Perú, as part of an ongoing research aiming at assessing its seismic vulnerability. The church dates back to the 17th Century and represents a typical Andean adobe church. Regarding to geometry, novel techniques such as laser scan-ning and photogrammetry from drones were successfully integrated to generate an accurate 3D reconstruc-tion, and a numerical model of the building for seismic analysis. This numerical model was preliminary cali-brated considering experimental results from operational modal analysis tests. The calibration process showed the importance of considering the connection elements in the numerical model, as well as allowed a prelimi-nary assessment of material properties.The authors would like to acknowledge the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú PUCP and its funding office DGI-PUCP (project 171-2015) for providing funds to the project within which this work was developed and the Peruvian Science and Technology Program (Innóvate Peru) for their financial support on the acquisition of the equipment used (Project 128-FINCYT-ECL-2014). The second and third authors gratefully acknowledge CONCYTEC for the scholarship in support of graduate studies

Radiolysis of the Glycolaldehyde-Na+Montmor- illonite and Glycolaldehyde-Fe3+Montmorillonite Systems in Aqueous Suspension under Gamma Radiation Fields: Implications in Chemical Evolution

The stability and reactivity of organic molecules with biological and pre-biological significance in primitive conditions are of paramount importance in chemical evolution studies. Sugars are an essential component in biological systems for the different roles that they play in living beings. The objective of the present work is to study the gamma radiolysis of aqueous solutions of glycolaldehyde, the simplest sugar and aqueous suspensions of glycolaldehyde-Na+-montmorillonite and glycolaldehyde-Fe3+Montmorillonite. Our results indicate that the radiolysis of the aqueous solutions of glycolaldehyde (0.03M), oxygen free, mainly produce the linear dimer known as eritriol (122 g/mol) and a sugar-like compound with six carbon atoms (180 g/mol). The experiments with the clay suspensions show that clays can adsorb glycolaldehyde and protect it from gamma irradiation. Additionally, it was observed that depending on the cation present in the clay, the percentage and the product (monomer or cyclic dimer) adsorption was different. In the case of Fe3+ Montmorillonite, this clay catalyzed the decomposition of glycolaldehyde, forming small amounts non-identified products. The analysis of these systems was performed by ATR-FTIR, UV spectroscopy, liquid chromatography (UHPLC-UV), and HPLC coupled to a mass spectrometry

Study of L-Glutamic Acid in Solid State for its Possible Use as a Gamma Dosimeter at Different Temperatures (77, 195 and 295 K)

The experimental response of the dosimeter as a function of the irradiation temperature plays an important role, and this effect has consequences in the practical applications of dosimetry. In this work, L-glutamic acid (2-aminopentanedioic acid) is proposed to be a good response, easy to handle, and a cheap gamma dosimeter. For this purpose, polycrystalline samples were irradiated with gamma rays at 77, 195, and 295 K and doses in the kiloGray range (43–230 kGy). The potential use of the glutamic acid system as a chemical dosimeter is based on the formation of stable free radicals when the amino acid is exposed to ionizing radiation. The observed species in these experiments were attributed to deamination and decarboxylation reactions that were studied using electron spin resonance (ESR). The results indicate that the analysis generates a linear response as the irradiation dose increases in a reliable range for industrial and research purposes at three different temperatures

Procesos de inseguridad incidentes en la deserción escolar del estudiantado de las instituciones educativas públicas de Santa Tecla

El presente estudio tiene como propósito principal, explicar los mecanismos sociales, políticos y culturales que están incidiendo en el abandono, absentismo y la violencia escolar en el estudiantado de Tercer Ciclo de Educación Básica de las instituciones educativas del sector público de Santa Tecla, en los años 2017 y 2018. La perspectiva metodológica utilizada es de corte cuantitativo, fundamentada en un diseño no- experimental basado en las opiniones, como elementos objetivos de cuantificación, se trabajó con “agregados de unidades”, que tuvo como consecuencia reunir a 494 estudiantes, 146 padres y madres de familia, y 31 docentes de Tercer Ciclo de Educación Básica, 5 subdirectores y 2 directores de Centro Escolar “Jardines de la Sabana”, Centro Escolar “Marcelino García Flamenco”, Centro Escolar Refugio de La Paz, Centro Escolar “Daniel Hernández” y Complejo Educativo “Walter A. Soundy”. Los resultados del estudio en términos generales muestran aquellas principales causas de deserción escolar, que según los datos oficiales del Ministerio de Educación, son el cambio de domicilio del estudiante, el abandono del país, otro trabajo del estudiante, bajo rendimiento académico y delincuencia en su orden; sin embargo, la realidad demuestra que la presencia de miembros de pandillas, especialmente de MS 13 imposibilita la generación de una cultura del buen vivir a nivel externo; a pesar de ello, los centros escolares tienen buena imagen externa de su funcionamiento en la comunidad; pero existe la necesidad de que la dirección y subdirección diseñen y ejecuten proyectos de retención estudiantil para minimizar la deserción escolar existente en el estudiantado de Tercer Ciclo de Educación Básica, especialmente en octavo grado

Study of Solid-State Radiolysis of Behenic, Fumaric, and Sebacic Acids for their Possible Use as Gamma Dosimeters Measured Via ATR-FT-IR Spectroscopy

The intensive use of ionizing radiation has promoted the constant investigation of adequate dosimetric systems in the measurement of doses applied in irradiated products. The objective of this work is to propose gamma dosimetric systems, using carboxylic acids in a solid state and measuring the change via infrared spectroscopy (carboxylic acid/ ATR-FT-IR1). We worked with three systems: (1) behenic acid/ATR-FT-IR, (2) sebacic acid/ATR-FT-IR, and (3) fumaric acid/ATR-FT-IR. The change in absorbance corresponding to the stretching vibration frequency of the carbonyl group to the absorbed dose (in the range of kGy) was measured. The results showed that the acid/ATR-FT-IR systems have a linear response with respect to the absorbed dose, for behenic acid/ATR-FT-IR from 0 to 122 kGy, for ATR-FT-IR sebacic acid from 0 to 61 kGy, and for fumaric acid/ATR-FT-IR from 0 to 34 kGy. The results indicated that the linear response of the absorbance dose in the three systems allows us to continue studying other variables to be able to propose them as chemical dosimeters

Spectrophotometric Study of Polymeric DyesGels After a Gamma Irradiation Process for its Possible Use as a Radiation Dosimeter

This work aims to evaluate a dosimetric system composed of green malachite supported in agarose. Previous work showed that solutions of green malachite irradiated at 1 to 40 kGy present a linear behavior. This system is a gel composed of green malachite (2.5×10–3 M), sodium benzoate (1%),and agarose (1%) that was exposed tovarious doses of gamma irradiation. The irradiated systems were measured with a UV-V is spectrophotometer at 619 nm. Experimental parameters (such as dose rate, doses, and temperature) were controlled and optimized for reproducible and reliable results. More studies are needed to propose a dosimeter in the system in the range of 1.8 to 4.0 kGy

Effect of Combined PD-1 and STAT3 Pathway Blockade Treatment on K-ras Mutant Lung Cancer

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp21/1175/thumbnail.jp

Gamma Dosimetry Using Some Dyes in Organic Solvents Solutions at 295 and 77 K

The aim of this work is to study the behavior under irradiation of different dyes (green malachite, methyl orange, red cresol, and bromothymol blue) in organic solvents (acetone and methanol) at different gamma doses and different temperatures to propose them as possible dosimeters for low-temperature applications. For this purpose, organic dissolutions were irradiated with gamma rays in the kiloGray (kGy) range at 77 and 295 K, and the color bleaching of the solutions was followed spectrophotometrically (UV-Vis range). The response curves at different temperatures show the linear range interval from 10 to 40 kGy with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.998 for some systems. This is the main reason to continue carrying out studies that allow the proposal of these systems as chemical dosimeters