30 research outputs found
Comunidades de práctica e innovación: aprender a emprender en el área de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Documentación
ResumenEl propósito del trabajo es ofrecer directrices teóricas y metodológicas para diseñar, crear y desarrollar Comunidades de Práctica (CoP) en el área de la Bibliotecología y las Ciencias de la Documentación. Las CoP presentan la posibilidad de integrar en un mismo entorno o comunidad a miembros con objetivos comunes que buscan beneficiarse de la generación de conocimientos compartidos. En este contexto de desarrollo se presenta un caso real, circunscrito en el marco de un proyecto de innovación educativa, con alumnos del Máster en Gestión de la Documentación, Bibliotecas y Archivos de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España). Dicho caso ofrece una perspectiva de uso efectivo de una CoP aportando un escenario o red de intercambio de conocimiento común, que sirve de apoyo al aprendizaje educativo y cuya finalidad principal es fomentar la cultura innovadora y emprendedora entre todos sus participantes.AbstractThis study aims to provide guidelines for designing, creating and developing a Community of Practice (CoP) in the area Library and Documentation Science. Such a CoP offers the potential of bringing together persons with shared interests and objectives who can reap real benefits through the generation of shared knowledge. The paper presents a case study involving an educational project with master degree candidates in the Documentation, Libraries and Archives Management of the Faculty of the Documentary Science of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Spain). This case provides a view of the effective use of CoP, which constitutes a scenario or network for exchange of shared knowledge, while underpinning educational learning and promoting the culture of innovation and enterprise among the members of the community
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
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Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639
MUÑOZ-ALONSO, G. y VILLASEÑOR, I. Descubriendo el pensamiento a través del documento: las Historias de la Filosofía en las Bibliotecas de la Red Madroño
El libro, Descubriendo el pensamiento a través del documento, tiene su punto de arranque, tal y como se nos advierte en el mismo, en los años noventa. Por dos caminos, aparentemente separados, tanto Isabel Villaseñor, docente de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, como Gemma Muñoz-Alonso, docente de la Facultad de Filosofía de esa misma Universidad, y docente hasta hace poco vinculada a la docencia en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación, dedicaban sus investigaciones a temas relacionados con las Fuentes de Información Documentales. Después de la tesis doctoral, y la publicación de la obra Fuentes de Información en Filosofía Jurídica española (siglos XIX-XXI), de Isabel Villaseñor, ambas autoras decidieron colaborar en una obra en la que pudieran, por fin, plasmar conjuntamente sus inquietudes intelectuales. En una palabra: el libro tiene dos autoras, cuya participación en el mismo ha sido complementaria, la mirada del profesional de la Documentación, y el profesional de la Filosofía........
MUÑOZ-ALONSO, G. y VILLASEÑOR, I. Descubriendo el pensamiento a través del documento: las Historias de la Filosofía en las Bibliotecas de la Red Madroño
El libro, Descubriendo el pensamiento a través del documento, tiene su punto de arranque, tal y como se nos advierte en el mismo, en los años noventa. Por dos caminos, aparentemente separados, tanto Isabel Villaseñor, docente de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, como Gemma Muñoz-Alonso, docente de la Facultad de Filosofía de esa misma Universidad, y docente hasta hace poco vinculada a la docencia en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Documentación, dedicaban sus investigaciones a temas relacionados con las Fuentes de Información Documentales. Después de la tesis doctoral, y la publicación de la obra Fuentes de Información en Filosofía Jurídica española (siglos XIX-XXI), de Isabel Villaseñor, ambas autoras decidieron colaborar en una obra en la que pudieran, por fin, plasmar conjuntamente sus inquietudes intelectuales. En una palabra: el libro tiene dos autoras, cuya participación en el mismo ha sido complementaria, la mirada del profesional de la Documentación, y el profesional de la Filosofía........