Nivel de conocimiento respecto a primeros auxilios en docentes de la Institución Educativa 6076 República de Nicaragua, Villa El Salvador, Lima - Perú 2022

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre primeros auxilios en docentes de la institución educativa 6076 "República de Nicaragua", Villa El Salvador, Lima - Perú 2022. El presente estudio es cuantitativo porque considera las variables dentro del estudio. El diseño de la investigación es no experimental, ya que no se ha modificado o alterado la realidad, tomándole la debida importancia a la variable. Además de corte transversal, ya que la búsqueda de la información se dio en un tiempo específico. Tomándose como muestra a 60 docentes de la Institución educativa 6076 “República de Nicaragua”. La técnica que se utilizó para la recolección de datos fue la encuesta y como instrumento se utilizará un cuestionario validado por 5 juicios de expertos por el autor Castro en el 2020.Los resultados indican que el nivel de conocimiento sobre primeros auxilios en docentes, evidencia los siguientes resultados: el 65%(39) de los docentes, tienen un nivel medio de conocimiento, el 35%(21) de los mismos poseen un nivel de conocimiento bajo, además se evidencia que el 56.67% de los docentes indica que el nivel de conocimiento de primeros auxilios en su dimensión desmayo es medio, el 41.67% nivel alto y un grupo pequeño del 1.67% de docentes indicaron que el nivel es bajo. Por lo tanto se concluye que los docentes presentan un nivel medio sobre conocimiento de primeros auxilios esto se entiende como el manejo de la teoría más no de la práctica a grandes rasgos

Precipitación salina de un extracto crudo con actividad celulolítica producido por Aspergillus niger UC33

The purification of cellulase enzymes is a critical step for their production because it is often very expensive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the saline precipitation of cellulases produced by Aspergillus niger UC33 in solid-state fermentation, to increase the yield and purity of the enzyme at the lowest possible cost. The Design-Expert 11.1.2 program was used for the experimental design and the optimization of the experimental conditions. Ammonium sulfate between 60 and 90 % saturation was used for precipitation, among 1 and 3 h of precipitation time were employed and the temperatures applied were 4 and 25 °C. The optimal conditions found to maximize yield and purity were 68.97% saturation with ammonium sulfate, precipitation time of 1.28 h and temperature of 25 °C. Under these conditions, the yield, purity and cost values ​​were: 74.81%, 1.26 and USD $0.2609, respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 38.47 kDa and the cellulolytic activity was 31.854 IU.La purificación de enzimas celulasas constituye un paso crítico para su producción debido a que a menudo resulta ser muy costoso. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la precipitación salina de celulasas producidas por Aspergillus niger UC33 en fermentación en estado sólido, para incrementar el rendimiento y pureza de la enzima con el menor costo posible. Se empleó el programa Design-Expert 11.1.2 para el diseño experimental y la optimización de las condiciones experimentales. El sulfato de amonio se utilizó para la precipitación entre 60 y 90$ 0,2609, respectivamente. El peso molecular de la enzima fue 38,47 kDa y la actividad celulolítica fue de 31,854 UI

Physiological Correlates of Volunteering

We review research on physiological correlates of volunteering, a neglected but promising research field. Some of these correlates seem to be causal factors influencing volunteering. Volunteers tend to have better physical health, both self-reported and expert-assessed, better mental health, and perform better on cognitive tasks. Research thus far has rarely examined neurological, neurochemical, hormonal, and genetic correlates of volunteering to any significant extent, especially controlling for other factors as potential confounds. Evolutionary theory and behavioral genetic research suggest the importance of such physiological factors in humans. Basically, many aspects of social relationships and social activities have effects on health (e.g., Newman and Roberts 2013; Uchino 2004), as the widely used biopsychosocial (BPS) model suggests (Institute of Medicine 2001). Studies of formal volunteering (FV), charitable giving, and altruistic behavior suggest that physiological characteristics are related to volunteering, including specific genes (such as oxytocin receptor [OXTR] genes, Arginine vasopressin receptor [AVPR] genes, dopamine D4 receptor [DRD4] genes, and 5-HTTLPR). We recommend that future research on physiological factors be extended to non-Western populations, focusing specifically on volunteering, and differentiating between different forms and types of volunteering and civic participation

The prosocial effects of oxytocin, vasopressin and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 'Ecstasy') in laboratory rats

Introduction: The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are well known for their ability to modulate social behaviours in humans and animals. Several studies have suggested a link between psychiatric illnesses characterised by impaired social interactions (e.g. autism), and disrupted function of the OT and/or AVP systems. The party drug 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ‘Ecstasy’) is known for its capacity to enhance social behaviour. MDMA is also of interest in the clinic as a possible therapeutic for certain disorders (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder). The therapeutic potential of MDMA and its ability to enhance sociability, may be due to an increase in the release of OT and AVP in the brain. These results suggest that peripherally administered OT and AVP may increase sociability in rats in a manner analogous to MDMA. The present thesis provides a formal comparison of the behavioral effects of OT, AVP and MDMA. Methods: The effects of peripherally administered OT, AVP and MDMA on social behaviour in rats were examined using three different paradigms. Chapter 2 assessed social interaction, Chapter 3 used the social preference test and Chapter 4 investigated their effects in a social conditioned place preference (social-CPP) test. Chapter 5 looked at the social interaction and autonomic effects of intranasal AVP. In addition, the role the oxytocin receptor (OTR) and vasopressin 1A receptor (V1AR) in the social effects of the three drugs was assessed using selective antagonists in Chapters 2 and 3. Results: OT, AVP, MDMA all induced the prosocial behaviour adjacent lying in the social interaction test. These effects were blocked by the V1AR antagonist, SR49059 but not the OTR antagonist, Compound 25 (C25). Results from the social preference test indicated that OT, AVP and MDMA induced a social preference in well-handled rats. C25 blocked OT and AVP-induced social preference, but not the preference produced by MDMA, in well-handled rats. In contrast, rats that received minimal handling displayed a social preference at baseline, while MDMA, OT and AVP reduced investigation times of both stimuli. Findings from the social-CPP test showed that OT and MDMA, but not AVP produced a long lasting place preference when paired with a conspecific or a tennis ball. Lastly, nebulized AVP increased prosocial behavior and decreased body temperature and heart rate. Conclusions: The results from this thesis indicate that while the behavioural effects of OT, AVP and MDMA are superficially similar they differ in important ways and may involve different neural mechanisms. These findings provide limited support for the idea that OT and/or AVP solely mediate the prosocial effects of MDMA