Crescimento do feijoeiro cv. IAC Carioca Tybatã em função da adubação fosfatada

The study aimed at assessing, by means of an analysis of growth, the behavior of the Carioca Tybatã IAC bean cultivar grown during the rainy season under different levels of phosphorus applied through the soil. The statistical design was based on randomized blocks with five replications. Six phosphate doses were employed: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg of P2O5 ha-1 in the form of superphosphate triple. The biometric indexes were assessed in order to find the leaf area (cm2 plant-1) and the dry matter weight (g seedling-1). The physiological indexes obtained by means of the functional analysis of growth were: the culture growth rate (g m-2 day-1), the relative growth rate (g g-1 day-1); the net assimilation rate (g m-2 day-1), the leaf area ratio (cm2 g-1) and the specific leaf area (cm2 g-1). The biometric data of the indexes were subjected to analysis of variance and regression study. The increasing levels of phosphorus applied to soil favors the increase of total dry mass and leaf area index of cv. IAC Carioca Tybatã bean. The dry matter has increased constantly throughout the crop cycle and the leaf area index reaches its maximum 97 days after emergence. Phosphorus fertilization also increases the relative growth rate at the beginning of the plant development and the crop growth and reduces the crop cycle.O trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar, mediante análise de crescimento, o comportamento da cultivar de feijão IAC Carioca Tybatã, cultivado na “safra das águas”, sob diferentes doses de fósforo aplicadas via solo. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram aplicadas as doses de 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 de kg ha-1 de P2O5, utilizando como fonte de fósforo o superfosfato triplo. Foram avaliados os índices biométricos obtendo-se a área foliar (cm2 planta-1) e a massa de matéria seca (g plântulas-1). Os índices fi siológicos: taxa de crescimento da cultura (g m-2 dia-1); taxa de crescimento relativo (g g-1 dia-1); taxa de assimilação líquida (g m-2 dia-1); razão de área foliar (cm2 g-1) e área foliar específica (cm2 g-1) foram obtidos mediante análise de crescimento funcional. Os dados dos índices biométricos foram submetidos à análise de variância e estudo de regressão. O incremento das doses de fósforo aplicadas via solo favorece o aumento da massa seca total e o índice de área foliar do feijoeiro cv. IAC Carioca Tybatã. A massa de matéria seca tem aumento constante durante todo o ciclo da cultura e o índice de área foliar atinge o ponto de máxima aos 97 dias após a emergência. A adubação fosfatada promove maior taxa de crescimento relativo no início do desenvolvimento da planta, maior taxa de crescimento da cultura e redução do ciclo da cultura

Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijoeiro com suplementação de molibdênio via foliar Nitrogen topdressing fertilization on common bean with leaf spray of molybdenum

O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação foliar de molibdênio (Mo) e da adubação de cobertura com nitrogênio (N) nos componentes de produção, produtividade e teor de nitrato nas folhas do feijão Carioca Precoce. O trabalho foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu (UNESP/Botucatu-SP), em Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico de textura argilosa. Realizou-se a semeadura do feijão em 06/03/2003 com o fornecimento de 230 kg ha-1 do formulado NPK (4-30-10) no plantio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram de cinco doses de N (25; 50; 75; 100 e 125 kg ha-1), aplicadas aos 20 dias após a emergência (DAE), associados com e sem a aplicação foliar de 80 g ha-1 de Mo aos 25 DAE. Avaliou-se a concentração de nitrato e amônio nas folhas, além dos componentes de produção e da produtividade de grãos de feijão. A ausência de suplementação de Mo via adubação foliar promoveu o acúmulo de nitrato na folha a medida que aumenta a quantidade de N fornecida, evidenciando a baixa eficiência na assimilação de N na falta desse micronutriente. A massa de cem grãos responde positivamente ao suplemento de Mo via adubação foliar, reduzindo a necessidade de N para se obter os melhores resultados. A adubação molíbdica aumentou a produtividade do feijoeiro independentemente da dose de N aplicada em cobertura no feijoeiro.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of leaf spray of molybdenum (Mo) and nitrogen (N) rates in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar Carioca Precoce, evaluating the yield components, yield and leaves nitrate levels. The research was carried out in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The sowing of the beans (06/03/2003) was made with the supply of 230 kg ha-1 of NPK (4-30-10) granulated fertilizer at planting. The experiment was a complete randomized block, with four replications and a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, involving five N rates (25; 50; 75 and 125 kg ha-1), applied 20 days after emergency (DAE), with or without 80 g ha-1 of Mo, applied on leaves at 25 DAE. The Mo absence by leaf spray promoted the nitrate accumulation in the leaves in treatments with higher rates of N. The weight of 100 grains increased with the Mo by leaf spray, reducing the need for N to get the best results. The molybdenum fertilization increased bean yield regardless of N rate applied to the beans

Comportamento de genótipos de arroz de terras altas no estado de São Paulo Behavior of upland rice genotypes in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

O desempenho de linhagens promissoras de arroz, gerado pelo programa de melhoramento genético do Instituto Agronômico (IAC) foi avaliado em diferentes ambientes. Os ensaios foram instalados em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e parcelas experimentais com área útil de 6 m² nos anos agrícolas de 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010, nos municípios de Capão Bonito-SP e Mococa-SP. A variação total dos dados de produção de grãos foi analisada pela ANAVA e pela ANADEV, e foram estimadas as significâncias dos efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente pelas duas metodologias. A adaptabilidade e estabilidade de 16 genótipos de arroz de terras altas em 8 ambientes foram avaliadas pelos métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966) e Lin e Binns (1988) e pela metodologia dos modelos mistos (REML/BLUP). Pelo método da média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genotípicos (MHPRVG) foram selecionadas as linhagens IAC 2009, IAC 1829 e IAC 2005 com produções superiores em 11; 10 e 6% respectivamente, em relação à média geral, o que foi coincidente com os resultados obtidos pelas outras metodologias.The performance of promising strains of rice, generated through the genetic improvement program of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC), was evaluated for different environments. The experiments were set up in a randomized-block design with four replications, using experimental plots of 6m², during the periods 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, in the municipalities of de Capão Bonito and Mococa, both in São Paulo. The total variation of the data for grain-production was analyzed using ANAVA and ANADEV, and the significance of the effects of the interaction between genotype and environment were estimated for the two methodologies. The adaptability and stability of 16 genotypes of upland rice in eight environments were evaluated using the methods of Eberhart and Russell (1966), Lin and Binns (1988), and mixed-model (REML / BLUP). Using the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genotypic values (MHPRVG), the strains, IAC 2009, IAC 1829 and IAC 2005 were selected, with yields superior to 11; 10 and 6% respectively when compared to the general average, which matched results obtained by other methods

Adubação nitrogenada em cobertura no feijoeiro com suplementação de molibdênio via foliar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of leaf spray of molybdenum (Mo) and nitrogen (N) rates in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), cultivar Carioca Precoce, evaluating the yield components, yield and leaves nitrate levels. The research was carried out in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The sowing of the beans (06/03/2003) was made with the supply of 230 kg ha(-1) of NPK (4-30-10) granulated fertilizer at planting. The experiment was a complete randomized block, with four replications and a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, involving five N rates (25; 50; 75 and 125 kg ha(-1)), applied 20 days after emergency (DAE), with or without 80 g ha(-1) of Mo, applied on leaves at 25 DAE. The Mo absence by leaf spray promoted the nitrate accumulation in the leaves in treatments with higher rates of N. The weight of 100 grains increased with the Mo by leaf spray, reducing the need for N to get the best results. The molybdenum fertilization increased bean yield regardless of N rate applied to the beans

CULTIVAR RELEASE-IAC-Boreal and IAC-Harmonia: common bean cultivars with striped grains

Common bean types with special grains are considered an alternative for certain domestic and export markets.IAC-Boreal and IAC-Harmonia were developed by the Instituto Agronômico Campinas and offer an excellent type of commercialgrains, upright plant growth, earliness and high yield to supply these markets

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora