Patrimonio genético agrario : reconocimiento y conservación

págs. 149-181Capítulo incluido en el libro: El patrimonio agrario: la construcción cultural del territorio a través de la actividad agraria. José Castillo Ruiz y Celia Martínez Yáñez (Coordinadores). Sevilla: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, 2015. ISBN: 978-84-7993-264-0. Enlace: http://hdl.handle.net/10334/352

Una exposición virtual muestra una investigación sobre los comunales pastoriles de Castril, Santiago y Pontones.

Entre 2017 y 2019, el proyecto EXPLORA (Patrimonialización socio-ecológica en comunales de España y Marruecos), constituido por un equipo interdisciplinar liderado por investigadores de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona en colaboración estrecha con la Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC de Granada, llevó a cabo una investigación sobre la organización comunal de los pastos de montaña de Castril (Granada), Santiago de la Espada y Pontones (Jaén). Los resultados de este trabajo forman parte ahora de una exposición temporal en el Museo Virtual de Ecología Humana. Inaugurada en marzo de este año, estará disponible en la red de manera permanente, e incluye tanto fotografías como material audiovisual. Su título es Territorios de vida en el filo. Comunales pastoriles de las montañas del Mediterráneo en el siglo XXI

Sistemas agrosilvopastorales en el sudeste Ibérico: una alternativa sostenible a los monocultivos leñosos de secano

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Ecología. Leída el 9 de octubre de 200

Assessment of plant covers with native legumes un Mediterranean semi-arid wood crops

5 pages, and tables statistics.The aim of this work is to present the design of handling methods carried out with plant covers over a period of 12 consecutive years in an olive and vineyard grove on the experimental plantation La Higueruela (Toledo, Spain). Starting from the initial working hypotheses, connected with minimising the soil erosion which had been produced by the conventional management of these woody crops for more than 50 years, the benefits of plant biodiversity (weed vegetation) and covers with subterranean clover, have been considered and the question of how to manage permanent covers. Ecological cover use may be systematised under the headings which encompass the main results obtained: (i) environmental services of permanent plant covers; (ii) use of main functional groups of the communities proceeding from the soil seed bank; (iii) sustainable management of N and C in the very olive grove system; and (iv) minimisation of competition for water by paying attention to the evaluation of autochthonous leguminous crops adapted to the constant fluctuations of a Mediterranean climate. Although previous works have set out results from this research, we now offer an evaluation from what might be regarded as the perspective of ecological engineering.This project was funded by the Castilla-La Mancha Govern, SpainPeer reviewe

Protocolo para evaluar la severidad de la quema por observación directa del campo

Peer reviewe

Caracterización de los hábitats seminaturales en olivares ecológicos

Comunicación oral presentada en: XX Congreso Científico Técnico EXPOLIVA Jaén, 22-24 septiembre (2021

Dispersión endozoócora de leguminosas silvestres: desde la recuperación hasta el establecimiento en campo

Dispersión endozoócora de leguminosas silvestres: desde la recuperación hasta el establecimiento en campoLa dispersión de semillas mediante el tracto digestivo de los animales constituye un mecanismo esencial para la colonización de nuevos nichosecológicos, el mantenimiento de poblaciones vegetales, y para evitar la fragmentación de hábitats. Este trabajo evalúa la capacidad real de dispersiónendozóoora por ganado ovino de Adenocarpus decorticans (AD), A. telonensis (AT), Cytisus fontanesii (CF), C. striatus (CS), Genista florida (GF) yG. versicolor (GV) mediante el análisis de: recuperación de semillas en heces, germinación en cámara, emergencia en invernadero y establecimientoy supervivencia en campo durante dos años. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el ganado ovino es un agente de dispersión efectivo para la mayoríade las especies, excepto para CF. La recuperación de semillas osciló entre el 32% (AT y GV) y el 3.4% (CS). Se observó que el paso por el tractodigestivo estimulaba o no afectaba a la germinación de las semillas en laboratorio. En invernadero, la mayoría de las especies incrementaban oigualaban su emergencia en las heces respecto a las semillas control. Sin embargo, el estiércol dificultó la germinación de la mitad de las especiesen condiciones naturales. A pesar de ello, la probabilidad de reclutamiento de las semillas dispersadas fue similar o superior a la de semillas intactas,excepto para CF. En conclusión, la oveja puede ser un dispersador eficaz de la mayoría de las especies estudiadas y esta capacidad podría utilizarseen planes de gestión y/o restauración forestal

Potential of wild annual legumes for mountain pasture restoration at two silvopastoral sites in southern Spain: promising species and soil-improvement techniques.

This study evaluates the potential for pasture improvement and restoration at two silvopastoral sites. We used a total of 16 wild legume species under different management systems (rhizobial inoculation, mycorrhizal inoculation, sheep penning, and sheep penning with mycorrhizal inoculation), at two mountain sites in Sierra Nevada Natural Park (Granada, southern Spain). The first site, Soportújar, had higher soil fertility and rainfall than the second, Lanjarón. Forage yields in Soportújar ranged from 265 to 8970 kg DM ha¿1, Vicia amphicarpa, Vicia monantha, Vicia disperma and Lathyrus clymenum being the most productive species. Mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in higher forage yields for Lens nigricans, V. disperma and Vicia lutea. Seed yields were low, ranging from 5.9 to 1234 kg ha¿1. Forage yields in Lanjarón were lower, ranging from 46 to 1415 kg DM ha¿1; and the most productive species were V. monantha, V. disperma, Lathyrus cicera and Medicago rigidula. Sheep penning alone and together with mycorrhizal treatment resulted in greater forage yields for most of the species studied, although differences were only significant for V. disperma, V. monantha and Lathyrus sphaericus. Seed yields ranged from 0.4 to 60 kg ha¿1. In conclusion, we recommend V. monantha, V. disperma and L. cicera followed by V. amphicarpa and L. clymenum (in wetter more fertile sites) and M. rigidula (in drier sites), as they seem to be the best adapted to the pedoclimatic conditions of Sierra Nevada Natural Park. Increasing nutrients in the soil (by sheep penning) and promoting nutrient assimilation (by mycorrhizal inoculation) may be effective strategies for increasing pasture biomass in silvopastoral sites.This work has been funded by the National Parks Autonomous Agency (OAPN, Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment) through the project “Investigaciones sobre la flora forrajera natural en mejoras de pastos, restauración forestal y silvicultura preventiva con ganado: una experiencia piloto en Sierra Nevada” (Ref. 748). We would like to thank Baltasar del Pozo for managing the sheep penning, Mycovitro who donated the Glomigel, and Manuel Fernández-López and Pablo Villadas who provided the rhizobium inocula for this study

Vegetation cover management and landscape plant species composition influence the Chrysopidae community in the olive agroecosystem

Habitat manipulation through the promotion of semi-natural habitats such as cover and patch vegetation is a possible means of offsetting the negative impacts of the agricultural practices. A baseline situation is crucial before any successful habitat manipulation is attempted. We studied the effects that current vegetation cover management practices have on plant composition and the potential attraction that the plant families from the semi-natural habitats could have on the Chrysopidae community, a key pest control agent, in five olive farms in Granada (Spain). Vegetation cover was assessed using a point quadrat methodology in eight transects per farm. In addition, the patch vegetation was characterized with 60 transects using a line intercept methodology. The woody patch vegetation and olive tree canopies were vacuumed using a field aspirator to collect adult Chrysopidae. In the cover vegetation we observed great variability in both the richness and diversity of plant communities caused by the vegetation cover management techniques and the transect position (in the middle of the rows or beneath the tree canopy). The plant families with the greatest plant cover were the Asteraceae and Fabaceae, where Asteraceae was favoured by tillage and Fabaceae by grazing, while in the patch vegetation, the predominant families were the Rosaceae and Fagaceae. Our results indicate that the genus Chrysoperla was mostly correlated with the Plantaginaceae, Brassicaceae and Asteraceae plant families in the cover vegetation, and with the Caryophyllaceae and Rosaceae families in the patch vegetation. The genera Apertochrysa and Pseudomallada were associated with the families Malvaceae and Poaceae in the cover vegetation, and with the families Cupressaceae, Poaceae and Pinaceae in the patch vegetation. Our study shows to the farmers the possibilities of vegetation cover management to select plant families for the cover vegetation.This research was funded by the Junta de Andalucía (project P12-AGR-1419 and the postdoctoral contract awarded on 3 September 2020) and the research support program 2019/2020 from University of Jaén (ACCION 1_PAIUJA 2019–2020: RNM350)

Soil responses to different management practices in rainfed orchards in semiarid environments

Clean cultivation is a common practice in rainfed orchards; however, it may have detrimental effects on soil properties. This study examines the effect of different soil management systems on physical, chemical, and biochemical properties in a hypercalcic Calcisol in rainfed almond orchards (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) in SE Spain. Four types of soil management (main-plot treatments) were compared to a frequently tilled orchard system (FT: three or four tillages per year). The four types of soil management were: fencing (SF) of a flock of 130 sheep in 0.4 ha and grass cover was kept throughout the growing season; native vegetation (NV) that was allowed to grow; cover crop (CC) composed of legumes and crucifers; and reduced tillage (RT) comprising autumn and spring chisel ploughing. Each type of soil management was split into two grazing treatments (subplot treatments): with and without grazing. Our results supported the hypothesis that clean cultivation, i.e., FT, has deleterious effects on soil properties compared with managed groundcover. Compared with FT treatment, at the end of the experiment, the rest of treatments had higher wet aggregate stability (except the SF treatment), soil organic carbon (10.6 g kg−1 vs. 5.4 g kg−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), total nitrogen (1.35 g kg−1 vs. 0.83 g kg−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), available potassium (332 mg kg−1 vs. 187 mg kg−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and dehydrogenase (2.6 μg INTF g−1 h−1 vs. 1.9 μg INTF g−1 h−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), arylsulphatase (12.8 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 6.5 μg PNP g−1 h−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), β-glucosidase (569 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 300 μg PNP g−1 h−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT), and phosphatase activity (394 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 220 μg PNP g−1 h−1, mean groundcover treatments vs. FT). Grazed plots had higher water content in soil (10 g H2O kg soil−1 vs. 9.4 g H2O kg soil−1, grazed vs. not grazed plots) and greater levels of arylsulphatase (12 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 11 μg PNP g−1 h−1, grazed vs. not grazed plots), β-glucosidase (582 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 491 μg PNP g−1 h−1, grazed vs. not grazed plots), and phosphatase activity (396 μg PNP g−1 h−1 vs. 345 μg PNP g−1 h−1, grazed vs. not grazed plots), in late spring, and this is attributed to the reduction of evapotranspiration and to the stimulation of root activity by means of plant defoliation. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, managements including grass cover improved physical, chemical and biological properties of soil compared with frequent tillage, particularly when grass was early removed by grazing.This work has been financed by Desarollo Agrario y Pesquero (Consejería de Agricultura y Pesca, Junta de Andalucía) through the project 92.162, and a FPU-MECD grant to M.E. Ramos.Peer reviewe