Brazilian adults’ attitudes and practices regarding the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and their hesitancy towards childhood vaccination

Background: This study investigated the attitudes and practices of Brazilian adults regarding the mandatory COVID-19 vaccination and their hesitancy towards the vaccination of children. Methods: Between March and May 2022, Brazilian adults answered an online questionnaire distributed through social media. The SAGE-WG questionnaire was adapted to measure hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Results: Of the 1007 participants, 67.4% believed that adult COVID-19 vaccination should be mandatory. Just over half of the participants (51.5%) believed that parents and/or guardians should decide if their children should be vaccinated against COVID-19 or not and 9.1% were unsure. Individuals who were younger, non-religious and had higher awareness of COVID-19 risks and critics of the federal government’s performance in combating the pandemic were more likely to agree with mandatory adult vaccination. However, less agreement among parents and/or guardians concerning children’s vaccination was observed, with lower scores for hesitancy to the vaccination of children. Conclusion: In Brazil, there is still far from a consensus on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination for adults and a significant proportion of the population believes that parents and/or guardians should be free to decide on their children’s vaccination. These views are associated with age, religion, knowledge of COVID-19 risks and political inclination

Whole-genome sequencing of Leishmania infantum chagasi isolates from Honduras and Brazil

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil / Federal University of Pará. Tropical Medicine Nucleus. Belém, PA, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilUniversity, São Paulo. Computational System Biology Laboratory. São Paulo, SP, BrazilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilNational Autonomous University of Honduras. Microbiology School. Tegucigalpa, HondurasMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilNational Autonomous University of Honduras. University School Hospital. Health Surveillance Department. Tegucigalpa, HondurasNational Autonomous University of Honduras. University School Hospital. Health Surveillance Department. Tegucigalpa, HondurasMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilMinistério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, BrasilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Computational System Biology Laboratory. São Paulo, SP, BrazilSão Paulo University. Medical School. Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases. São Paulo, SP, BrazilThis work reports on the whole-genome sequencing of Leishmania infantum chagasi from Honduras (Central America) and Brazil (South America)

Vistas sobre arte africana no Brasil: lampejos na pista da autoria oculta de objetos afro-brasileiros em museus

In examining objects preserved in collections related of ancients Candomble’s Terreiros, Marianno Carneiro da Cunha finded out and profiled a Nago-Yoruba aesthetic tradition created in Brazil that have been considered as one of the first form of Afro-Brazilian Art, or a continuation of African Art in Brazil. We expanded the schollar’s established sampling rooted in this tradition in gathering a new corpus presented in this article, in trying to set potentialities of the stylistic analysis that he used and introduced in Brazil as a methodological procedure employed in the study of material culture of African origin. The obtained data reveal that these objects, far beyond from what they originally represent, can constitute merely an emblematic visual repertoire of the hybrid approaches adopted in the Brazilian academic production on the Black in the country, just as on African cultures, if these objects are not retaked under of self-expressions of materiality.Examinando objetos relacionados aos antigos candomblés preservados em coleções, Marianno Carneiro da Cunha perfilou uma tradição estética nagô-iorubana criada no Brasil que tem sido considerada como uma das primeiras formulações da arte afro-brasileira, se não uma continuidade da arte africana no Brasil. Expandimos a amostragem enraizada nessa tradição descrita por esse estudioso, chegando a um novo corpus que apresentamos neste artigo, tentando estabelecer as potencialidades da análise estilística que ele empregou, e introduziu no Brasil, como procedimento metodológico no estudo da cultura material de origem africana. Os dados obtidos revelam que, muito além do que originalmente representam, esses objetos podem se constituir apenas em um repertório visual emblemático de abordagens híbridas da produção acadêmica sobre as culturas africanas tanto quanto sobre o negro no Brasil, caso eles não venham a ser retomados através das suas expressões de materialidade próprias e individuais

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status