Efecto de la inyeccion de agua en un acuifero confinado

[Effect of water injection into a confined aquifer

Integrated approach on solar drying, pilot convective drying and microstructural changes

Solar drying of foods is an old technique, still used nowadays. Nevertheless, the mathematical approach of the complex phenomena involved is not completely integrated. Drawbacks appear in modelling heat transport, specially related to the huge variability of meteorological factors. The great dependence of the heat and mass transfer model parameters on water content is also frequently forgotten. Macroscopic changes (e.g. shrinkage) that occur during drying processes, are usually not considered in mass transfer equations, also affecting the predictive ability of the models. The objective of this work was to develop the mathematical basis and considerations for integrating heat and mass transfer phenomena, taking into consideration macroscopic changes and their correlation to changes at microscopic level (e.g. cellular shrinkage), that might occur during solar drying of grapes

Structural changes during air drying of fruits and vegetables: a review

This work aims at reviewing structural changes occurring in convective air drying of fruits and vegetables. These include changes in physical properties, such as volume, porosity and bulk and particle density, which directlyaffect textural attributes of the products. Models relating with water content physical properties are also summarised. At microscopic level, the phenomena observed byprevious authors is described, focusing on shrinkage. In particular, a new approach on modelling kinetics of microstructural modifications is presented. Although the air drying process is relatively well studied, there is a lack of research concerning changes in structural properties. Modelling mass transfer during drying frequently does not include those effects and, there has not been established a standard methodologyfor predictive purposes. Correlating microstructure, texture measurements and sensoryanalysis would be an attractive area to be exploited for drying processes of fruits and vegetables. Although this is a wide working field, much is still to be done

An accessible approach to reduce Listeria monocytogenes from lettuce

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influence of air-drying temperature on the quality and bioactive characteristics of dried galega kale (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Acephala

Drying processes are often applied to preserve and increase the shelf life of vegetables. These products contain an extensive collection of phytochemicals known to provide health benefits. However, these compounds generally undergo significant degradation during drying because of their sensitivity to heat, light, oxygen, as well as to leaching phenomena. Thus, increased attention has been given to the concerns regarding the quality degradation of vegetables during drying. Galega kale was selected, since this leafy vegetable, often included as soups ingredient, presents high amounts of vitamins and micronutrients. The objective of this work was to evaluate the drying characteristics and the effect of drying temperature on quality characteristics of Galega kale, without any pretreatment. Drying times of 330, 162, 78 and 51 min provided minimal moisture contents, using temperatures of 35, 50, 70 and 85 ⁰C, respectively. Increasing air-drying temperatures originated significant changes in color and nutritional parameters. The L* and a* values diminished, and b* increased, originating increasing values of chroma, total colour difference and browning index, as well as decreasing values of hue angle. A pronounced effect on the retention of total phenolic compounds was observed. Regarding antioxidant capacity and vitamin C, losses of 51.7±7.5- 69.6±3.7 and 4.8±9.7-55.5±7.4% were obtained, respectively. Chlorophyll a content decreased with increasing drying temperatures, with losses between 8.9±6.7 and 35±5.6%, while degradation of chlorophyll b was negligible. In conclusion, the air-drying of Galega kale without any pretreatment resulted in considerable deterioration of its quality characteristics and nutritional value

Submarine Active Faults and MorphoTectonics Around the Iberian Margins: Seismic and Tsunamis Hazards

The aim of this work is to make a synthesis at regional scale focused on the geophysical characterization of submarine faults around the Iberian margin to identify active structures and analyze their development in the framework of the present plate organization. Most of these submarine faults show seabed morphological expressions mapped with high-resolution swath bathymetry data, high-resolution parametric sub-bottom profiles and multichannel seismic profiles. Present active tectonics, deformation, seismicity, and tsunami-affected coastal areas is mainly focused on south Iberia at the Eurasian and Nubia plate boundary. Submarine active faults in these areas are represented by long strike-slip fault systems and arcuate fold-thrust systems. Their development takes place in response to present NW-SE convergence between the Eurasian and Nubia plates. We propose a strain partitioning model of the plate boundary into simple and pure shear zones to explain the distribution and mechanisms of active submarine faults along the Gulf of Cádiz, Gibraltar Arc and Alborán Sea in response to the present-day shear stress orientation. Nevertheless, deformation is also focused in the NW Iberian margin. Thus, along the Galician and Portuguese margin, several submarine faults mapped as thrust fault systems with high-seismic activity along the Iberian ocean-continent transition reflect the re-activation of former structures. We suggest that submarine active faults in the NW and W Iberia are also the response to the eastwards transfer of short-offset transform faults of the Mid Atlantic Ridge into the oceanic Iberian along a weakness as the former plate boundary between the oceanic Iberia and Eurasia domains. The distribution and activity of submarine faults mapped in this work from geophysical and bathymetric data are in good agreement with geodetic data and focal mechanisms.Versión del edito