Poverty measures and poverty orderings

We examine the conditions under which unanimous poverty rankings of income distributions can be obtained for a general class of poverty indices. The “per-capita income gap” and the Shorrocks and Thon poverty measures are particular members of this class. The conditions of dominance are stated in terms of comparisons of the corresponding TIP curves and areas.Peer Reviewe

Decrease in Bone Mass in Women After Liver Transplantation: Associated Factors

AbstractBackgroundIn the future, an increasing number of female liver transplant recipients will reach the climacteric with osteoporosis as a common complication. We evaluated the factors associated with decreased bone mass among women after liver transplantation.MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional study of 23 outpatient transplant recipients followed from February 2009 to March 2010 included women of age ≥35 years after liver transplantations ≥1 year prior. We recorded patient histories, liver enzyme levels, as well as bone mineral densities measured at the lumbar spine and femur. Statistical analysis used Fisher's exact test, simple odds ratio (OR), and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.ResultsThe mean patient age was 52.5 ± 11 years with 30.4% premenopausal, and 69.6% perimenopausal or postmenopausal. Approximately 21% showed osteoporosis and 35%, a low bone mass. Postmenopausal women: OR 69.0 (95% CI 2.89–1647.18; P < .0001), aged ≥49 years: OR 13.33 (95% CI 1.78–100.15; P = .0123) and receiving a transplant after 44 years of age: OR 49.50 (95% CI 3.84–638.43; P < .0001) were associated with a lower bone mass. Having undergone transplantation for more than 5.8 years lowered the risk of bone mass change: OR 0.11 (95% CI 0.02–0.78; P = .0361). Clinical and laboratory variables, including corticosteroid use, were not associated with decreased bone mass.ConclusionUnderstanding the prevalence and factors associated with osteoporosis among female liver transplant recipients is important to enhance the strategies to diagnose and treat these women, seeking to improve their quality of life

Gallium-67 Imaging In A Patient With Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Case Report

A 26 year-old female was admitted with abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. The clinical and laboratory investigations led to the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. Gallium-67 whole body images correlated well with the clinical course of the disease and with the patient's prognosis.423167170Barbosa, W., Paracoccidioidomicose (Blastomicose sul-americana) (1989), pp. 653-662. , AMATO NETO, V. & BALDY, J.L.S., ed. Doenças transmissíveis. 3. ed. São Paulo, SarvierBarbosa, W., Daher, R.R., Blastomicose sul-americana (Paracoccidioidomicose) (1995), pp. 634-646. , VERONESI, R.FOCACCIA, R. & DIETZE, R., ed. Doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. 8. ed. São Paulo, Guanabara-KooganBecker, W., The contribution of nuclear medicine to the patient with infection (1995) Europ. J. Nucl. Med., 22, pp. 1195-1211Bethlem, N.M., Lemle, A., Bethlem, E., Wanke, B., Paracoccidioidomycosis (1991) Semin. Resp. Med., 12, pp. 81-97Braga, F.J.H.N., Abreu, P.R., Rivitti, M.C.M., La paracoccidioidomycose chéloide étudiée avec le gallium (1992) Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 85, pp. 118-119Braga, F.J.H.N., Camargo, E.E., Segurado, A.A.C., La paracoccidioidomycose évaluée par quatre études isotopiques (1992) Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., 85, pp. 115-117Dayaniki, B.F., Weissman, A.F., Wahl, R.L., Successful gallium-67 imaging of North American pulmonary blastomycosis (1993) J. Nucl. Med., 34, pp. 958-960Del Negro, G.M.B., Garcia, N.M., Rodrigues, E.G., The sensitivity, specificity and efficiency values of some serological tests used in the diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis (1991) Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. S. Paulo, 33, pp. 277-280Giorgi, M.C.P., Camargo, E.E., Pinto, W.P., Del Negro, G., Gallium-67 imaging in the diagnosis of blastomycosis (1987) Europ. J. Nucl. Med., 13, pp. 300-304Negroni, R., Paracoccidioidomycosis (1993) Int. J. Derm., 32, pp. 847-859Palestro, C.J., The current role of gallium imaging in infection (1994) Semin. Nucl. Med., 24, pp. 128-141Peters, A.M., The use of nuclear medicine in infections (1998) Brit. J. Radiol., 71, pp. 252-26

Neuro-Inspired Real-Time USB & PCI to AER Interfaces for Vision Processing

Address-Event-Representation (AER) is an emergent neuromorphic interchip communication protocol that allows for real-time virtual massive connectivity between huge number neurons located on different chips. By exploiting high speed digital communication circuits (with nanoseconds timings), synaptic neural connections can be time multiplexed, while neural activity signals (with mili-seconds timings) are sampled at low frequencies. When building multi-chip muti-layered AER systems it is absolutely necessary to have a computer interface that allows (a) to read AER interchip traffic into the computer and visualize it on screen, and (b) convert conventional frame-based video stream in the computer into AER and inject it at some point of the AER structure. This is necessary for test and debugging of complex AER systems. This paper describes a set of PC interfaces to neuroinspired systems, analyses the performance and power consumption. The interfaces use PCI or USB bus connections that have been developed under an EU project, where they have been tested in a stressed situation.Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación TEC2006-11730-C03-02 (SAMANTA 2)Ministerio de Ciencia y Educación TIN2006- 15617-C03-03Junta de Andalucía P06-TIC-01417Commission of the European Communities IST-2001- 3412