Prediction of popcorn hybrid and composite means

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the combining ability of 10 popcorn populations in a circulantdiallel; to test the viability of superior hybrids; and to identify genetic composites for intrapopulation breeding. In fourcontrasting environments, 30 treatments were evaluated for grain yield (GY), plant height (PLH) and popping expansion(PE), in a random block design with four replications. Results indicated that the evaluation of treatments in a larger groupof environments favors the expression of variability in genotypes. The additive effects for PE and the dominance effects forGY and PLH were highest. GY and PE of the combinations UNB2U-C1 x Angela and Braskalb x Angela were outstanding.The predicted mean PE and GY were highest for hybrid UNB2U-C1 x Angela and the composite formed by these parents(26.54 mL g-1 and 1,446.09 kg ha-1 respectively)

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Association between agronomical traits and popping expansion in a popcorn population under recurrent selection

The objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of a more efficient selection through path analysis and partial correlation in the breeding program of the UENF popcorn population by recurrent selection. Two hundred full-sib progenies were obtained and evaluated by eight traits in two environments in Rio de Janeiro State: Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara. The genotypic correlation between popping expansion and grain yield was negative and non significant at the 5% probability level by t test. Path analysis showed that mass weight of 100 grains is the most associated trait at popping expansion in this study. It is possible to obtain correlated response for popping expansion by grain yield, as long as genotypes with smaller grain size are selected from the genotypes with higher grain yield

Genetic gains in popcorn by full-sib recurrent selection

The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic progress in the fourth selection cycle of full-sibpopcorn families. Two hundred families were evaluated for six agronomic traits, including grain yield (GY) and poppingexpansion (PE), in a random block design with two replications, in sets in two different environments: Campos dos Goytacazesand Itaocara, in the State of Rio de Janeiro. There were significant differences among families within sets in all traits,indicating the presence of genetic variability to be exploited in the future cycles. The family by environment in the sets for GYand PE was significant but simple, indicating the possibility of conducting a single breeding program for both locations. Therelease of the improved variety for producers of the Northern and Northwestern regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro isexpected after the fifth cycle

Genetic gain prediction on UNB-2U popcorn population under recurrent selection by using different selection indexes / <br> Predição de ganhos genéticos na população de milho pipoca UNB-2U sob seleção recorrente utilizando-se diferentes índices de seleção

Aiming to estimate the gain prediction by using selection indexes on cycle C4 of UNB-2U, two hundred progenies of full-sib families were obtained on the third cycle under recurrent selection. The progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications within sets, in two distinct environments: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, located in Campos dos Goytacazes, and Experimental Station of PESAGRO-Rio, located in Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State. The utilized selection indexes were the Smith (1936) and Hazel (1943), Pesek and Baker (1969), Williams (1962), and Mulamba and Mock (1978). The selection index of Mulamba and Mock (1978) allowed the prediction of negative gains for number of disease ears, number of ears attacked by insects, number of broken plants, poorly hulled ears; and it provided superior gains for popcorn expansion and grain yield, with values of 10.55% and 8.50%, respectively, in the use of arbitrary weights attributed by tentative.<p><p>Com o intento de estimar a predição de ganhos por índices de seleção no ciclo C4 de UNB-2U, duzentas famílias de irmãos-completos foram obtidas a partir da população de terceiro ciclo de seleção recorrente. As progênies foram avaliadas no delineamento de blocos casualizados com duas repetições dentro de ‘‘sets’’ em dois ambientes distintos: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, e Estação Experimental da PESAGRO-RIO, em Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro. Os índices de seleção empregados para predizer os ganhos foram os de Mulamba e Mock (1978), Pesek e Baker (1969), Smith (1936) e Hazel (1943) e Williams (1962). O índice de seleção Mulamba e Mock (1978) além de permitir a predição de ganhos negativos para número de espigas doentes e atacadas por pragas, número de plantas quebradas e acamadas, e espigas mal empalhadas; para capacidade de expansão e rendimento dos grãos, proporcionou ganhos superiores aos demais índices, com valores respectivos de 10,55% e 8,50%, na utilização de pesos arbitrários atribuídos por tentativas

Diferentes substratos afetando o desenvolvimento de mudas de palmeiras

não foi possível encontrar o doi e nem a data e aceitação ou publicação do artigoO agronegócio de palmito apresenta grande potencial de expansão. Fatores ecológicos envolvidos e a necessidade de abastecimento do mercado consumidor levam ao aumento da área com palmito cultivado. A propagação das palmeiras geralmente apresenta germinação lenta, irregular e baixa porcentagem de pegamento. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de nove substratos na formação de mudas em sementeira, de palmeiras das espécies Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. e Archantophoenix alexandrae Wendl & Drud. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido em viveiro comercial no município de Alegre-ES. Verificou-se que o esterco bovino, ao contrário da palha-de-café, mostrou-se ótima fonte de matéria orgânica para a formação de mudas das duas espécies. Os substratos S1 (75% solo + 25% esterco de curral), S2 (65% solo + 10% areia + 25% esterco de curral) e S9 [Plantmax® + osmocote (3 g L -1 )] apresentaram-se adequados para a formação de mudas das duas espécies, conjuntamente, com sensível superioridade do substrato S2. Em relação à palmeira-real australiana, todos os substratos proporcionaram mudas de boa qualidade, exceto os substratos que continham palha-de-café (S5 e S6).The palm heart agribusiness has great potential for expansion. Either some ecological factors and the need for supplying the consuming market rather lead to an increased area cropped with palm heart. The propagation of the palm trees usually shows a slow, irregular and low percent establishment. So, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of nine substrata upon the formation of seedlings in each seedbed of palm trees pertaining to the species Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. and Archantophoenix alexandrae Wendl & Drud. The experiment was set up and conducted in a commercial nursery located in Alegre country – ES. According to the results, the conclusions are presented as follows of seedlings from both species, whereas coffee straw was inadequate. The substrata S1 (75% soil + 25% stable manure), S2 (65% soil + 10% sand + 25% stable manure) and S9 [Plantmax® + osmocote (3 g L -1 )] showed to be adequate to the formation of seedling for both species, with sensible superiority of the S2 substratum. In relation to the Australian royal palm tree, all substrata provided good-qualified seedlings, except for those substrata containing coffee straw (S5 and S6)

Análise biométrica de ganhos por seleção em população de milho pipoca de quinto ciclo de seleção recorrente Biometric analysis of selection gains in popcorn population of the fifth cycle of recurrent selection

Com o intento de selecionar progênies superiores para a efetiva concentração de alelos favoráveis em uma população de quinto ciclo de seleção recorrente intrapopulacional em famílias de irmãos-completos de milho pipoca, avaliaram-se 200 famílias quanto a seis características agronômicas, incluindo rendimento de grãos e capacidade de expansão, em delineamento aleatorizado em blocos com duas repetições dentro de 'sets' em dois ambientes distintos: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, em Campos dos Goytacazes, e Estação Experimental da PESAGRO-RIO, em Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro, em 2007/2008. Houve diferenças significativas para famílias/"sets" para todas as características, indicando a presença de variabilidade genética a ser explorada nos futuros ciclos. Na seleção das progênies superiores o índice de Mulamba e Mock resultou em ganhos proporcionais mais adequados para capacidade de expansão e rendimento de grãos, com valores respectivos de 6,01 e 8,53%, na utilização de pesos econômicos arbitrários.<br>Aiming to select superior progenies for concentration of favorable alleles in a popcorn population on the fifth cycle of intrapopulation full-sib recurrent selection, two hundred progenies were evaluated for six agronomic traits, including grain yield and popping expansion, in randomized complete block design with two replications within sets, in two distinct environments: Colégio Estadual Agrícola Antônio Sarlo, in Campos dos Goytacazes, and Experimental Station of PESAGRO-RIO, located in Itaocara, Rio de Janeiro State, in 2007/2008. There were significant differences among families within sets in all traits, indicating the presence of genetic variability to be exploited in the future cycles. The utilized selection indexes were the Mulamba and Mock; and Smith and Hazel. The Mulamba and Mock index propitiated more elevated magnitudes of the predicted gains for most of the traits, including popping expansion and grain yield, with values of 6.01 and 8.53%, respectively, utilizing arbitrary weight attributed by tentative