Nos tempos antigos nhanderu soube qual haveria de ser nosso futuro teko. Tempo, troca e transformação entre os Guarani

This article proposes a reflection about some aspects present in the Guarani cosmology that refer to life and time. From the speeches and reflections of some Guarani thinkers - mostly elders and shamans - we can glimpse the existence of a strategy for the duration whose invention and/or discovery is referred to Nhanderu Tenonde, the main divinity of the Guarani cosmos. This strategy has as a nodal point the alternation between times (day/night and old time/new time - or ara yma/ara pyau) and spaces (opy/oka - prayer house/courtyard) operated by movements of things, words and people - the exchange - who follow certain aesthetic standards - the line and the circle - and who replicate specific relational positions - "facing" and "ahead"; it expresses the relation between two processes of transformation mutually implicated: mbo-jera (the flowering) and aguyje (the renewal).Este artigo propõe uma reflexão a respeito de alguns aspectos presentes na cosmologia guarani que se referem à vida e ao tempo. A partir das falas e reflexões de alguns pensadores guarani – em sua maioria anciãos e pajés - podemos vislumbrar a existência de uma estratégia para a duração cuja invenção e/ou descoberta é remetida a Nhanderu Tenonde, principal divindade do cosmos guarani. Tal estratégia tem como ponto nodal a alternância entre tempos (dia/noite e tempo velho/tempo novo - ou ara yma/ara pyau) e espaços (opy/oka – casa de reza/pátio), operada pelos movimentos de coisas, palavras e pessoas – a troca – que seguem certos padrões estéticos – a linha e o círculo – e que replicam posições relacionais específicas – “em frente” e “na frente”; ela expressa a relação entre dois processos de transformação mutuamente implicados: mbo-jera (o florescimento) e aguyje (a renovação)

Hábitos alimenticios y su relación con la salud en los obreros de carrocerías CEPEDA de la ciudad de Ambato, 2012.

El objetivo es determinar la relación entre los hábitos alimenticios con la salud de los obreros. La investigación es de carácter transversal, con un universo de 85 obreros. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó una balanza de bioimpedancia, se aplicaron encuestas para la recolección de características generales, estilos de vida y hábitos alimenticios, se recolectaron y analizaron datos de glucosa y perfil lipídico. La tabulación y análisis de datos se realizó en los programas estadísticos, JMP 5,1, SPSS 18, para las pruebas de significancia se aplicó la prueba de chi 2 y test de Person obteniendo los siguientes resultados; se encuentra en sobrepeso y obesidad con un 55% aproximadamente lo que refleja que existe una prevalencia considerablemente elevada de mal nutrición, el estado de salud se ve reflejado por medio de los exámenes bioquímicos el 52% aproximadamente se encuentran en un rango de “limite alto a alto” en su colesterol total, Glucemia basal con un 98,82% y con un pequeño porcentaje que presenta “Riesgo incrementado” con el 1,18%, Nivel Alto” y “Muy alto “de LDL con un 68%, nivel “Límite Alto” de triglicéridos con un 17,65%. “Nivel Deseable” de HDL con un 77,65%, no se encontraron asociaciones debido al estado de salud es bueno, la única relación que se encontró es entre estado nutricional y triglicéridos la misma que es estadísticamente significativa con un valor de p = 0,0120. En conclusión se acepta la hipótesis parcialmente.The objective is to determine the relationship between Eating habits and health of workers. The research is cross-cutting, with a universe of 85 workers. For data collection we used a bioimpedance scale, surveys were conducted to collect general characteristics, lifestyles and eating habits, glucose data and lipid prolife were collected and analyzed. The tabulation and analysis was performed in statistical software, JMP 5.1, SPSS 18 for significance test applied the chi 2 and Person test, with the following results: found in overweigth and obesity with around 55% which shows that there is a significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition, health status is reflected by biochemical test approximately 52% are in the range of “high-high limit” in total cholesterol, fasting glucose with a 98,82% and small percentage that has “increased risk” with 1,18%, which is high “and” very high “LDL with a 68% level” High Limit” of triglycerides 17,68%. “desirable level” of HDL with a 77.65%, no associations were found due to health status is good, the only relationship is found between nutritional status and triglycerides it is statistically significant a value of p = 0.0120. In conclusión hypothesis is accepted in part

Nhemongarai: ritual, gênero e outros encaixes entre os Guarani

Este artigo é a tentativa de fazer aparecer aspectos do Nhemongarai, ritual de nominação e de consagração de alimentos dos Guarani-Mbya. O Nhemongarai é encontro, cruzamento, composição; modos em que o movimento se manifesta, fazendo brotar perante o nosso olhar pessoas e relações. É também uma celebração coletiva da vida que tem como finalidade favorecer fluxos específicos entre deuses e humanos, entre territórios e entre parentes. Tal definição nos permite vincular a descrição do Nhemongarai às elaborações sobre ritual e performance na Antropologia e oferecer breves reflexões sobre os modos em que ações e relações aparecem enquanto performance etnográfica, mobilizando a imagem da efetivação de encaixes singulares entre corpos e categorias a partir da elaboração de bordas. Nos permite, também, aproximar o nosso entendimento e a nossa sensibilidade ao mbaraete dos Mbya – força, potência,vigor vivificante.This article is an attempt to bring out some aspects of Nhemongarai, the children naming and food consecration ritual of the Guarani peoples. Nhemongarai is encounter, crossing, articulation, composition, interference, interlacing, plot; ways in which movement manifests itself, making people and relationships spring up before our eyes. It is also a collective celebration of life that aims to promote specific flows between gods and humans, between territories and between relatives. This definition allows us to link the description of the Nhemongarai to the elaborations on ritual and performance in Anthropology and to offer some brief reflections on the ways in which actions and relationships appear ethnographically, mobilizing the image of the effectuation of singular fittings between bodies and categories from the elaboration of edges. It also allows us to bring our understanding and sensitivity closer to the Mbya’s mbaraete – strength, potency, life-giving vigor

Comparison of biopreservatives obtained from a starter culture of Pediococcus acidilactici by different techniques

[EN] Due to the increase by consumers of healthy products, the exploration of natural antimicrobial compounds has been promoted through the use of by-products of lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this research was to obtain an antimicrobial powder (cell free) by freeze-drying (FD) and spray-drying (SD) from the microbial stabilisation (filtration or partial purification) of a Pediococcus acidilactici fermentation broths. The antimicrobial activity of these powders was quantified, in vitro, against Listeria innocua CECT 4032 as a target microorganism. The physicochemical properties tested on these powders were water content, hygroscopicity, water activity, porosity, colour and solubility. As results, microbiological stabilisation is potentially better to perform a partial purification since the antimicrobial capacity against L. innocua CECT 4032 is higher than with filtration. On the other hand, SD is the best technique to obtain the powder, since it obtains a better productivity with a lower cost and also a more stable powder during storage.Noguerol-Meseguer, AT.; Igual Ramo, M.; Pagán Moreno, MJ. (2021). Comparison of biopreservatives obtained from a starter culture of Pediococcus acidilactici by different techniques. Food Bioscience. 42:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101114S174

Intra-Species Diversity and Panmictic Structure of Cryptosporidium parvum Populations in Cattle Farms in Northern Spain

The intra-herd and intra-host genetic variability of 123 Cryptosporidium parvum isolates was investigated using a multilocus fragment typing approach with eleven variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) loci and the GP60 gene. Isolates were collected from intensively farmed diarrheic pre-weaned calves originating from 31 dairy farms in three adjoining regions in northern Spain (País Vasco, Cantabria and Asturias). The multilocus tool demonstrated an acceptable typeability, with 104/123 samples amplifying at all twelve loci. The ML2, TP14, GP60 and the previously un-described minisatellite at locus cgd2_3850 were the most discriminatory markers, while others may be dismissed as monomorphic (MSB) or less informative (CP47, ML1 and the novel minisatellites at loci Cgd1_3670 and Cgd6_3940). The 12-satellite typing tool provided a Hunter-Gaston index (HGDI) of 0.987 (95% CI, 0.982–0.992), and differentiated a total of 70 multilocus subtypes (MLTs). The inclusion of only the four most discriminatory markers dramatically reduced the number of MLTs (n: 44) but hardly reduced the HGDI value. A total of 54 MLTs were distinctive for individual farms, indicating that cryptosporidiosis is an endemic condition on most cattle farms. However, a high rate of mixed infections was detected, suggesting frequent meiotic recombination. Namely, multiple MLTs were seen in most farms where several specimens were analyzed (90.5%), with up to 9 MLTs being found on one farm, and individual specimens with mixed populations being reported on 11/29 farms. Bayesian Structure analysis showed that over 35% of isolates had mixed ancestry and analysis of evolutionary descent using the eBURST algorithm detected a high rate (21.4%) of MLTs appearing as singletons, indicating a high degree of genetic divergence. Linkage analysis found evidence of linkage equilibrium and an overall panmictic structure within the C. parvum population in this discrete geographical area

Planificación de un centro de información territorial: la información como servicio a la sociedad en la toma de decisiones estratégicas

In the new context of the knowledge society, an essential aim for spatial planning is to establish the means to ensure the availability of the information needed to make decisions as far as development planning is concerned. Access to this type of information is a necessary tool for both public and private institutions, as well as for economic and social agents, to make decisions more easily. This paper offers a study related to the planning of the Centro de Documentación e Información Territorial de Aragón (CDITA) (Territorial Documentation and Information Centre of Aragón), which belongs to the Spatial Planning Section of Aragón’s Regional Government. It presents its executive summary, vision, mission, strategic and operational objectives and SWOT analysis. Subsequently, this paper details the actions carried out by the CDITA to achieve its objective of diffusing territorial information, paying special attention to the publication of its contents on the Aragón’s Regional Government Official Web Portal. Finally, future challenges and perspectives will be put forth.En el nuevo contexto de la sociedad del conocimiento, un objetivo fundamental para la Ordenación Territorial es establecer los medios para disponer de la información que posibilite la adopción de decisiones relativas a la planificación del desarrollo. El acceso a este tipo de información es un instrumento necesario para las instituciones públicas y privadas, y para facilitar la toma de decisiones de los agentes económicos y sociales. En el presente artículo se ofrece un estudio relativo a la planificación del Centro de Documentación e Información Territorial de Aragón (CDITA), perteneciente a la Dirección General de Ordenación del Territorio del Gobierno de Aragón. Se presenta su resumen ejecutivo, visión, misión y objetivos estratégicos y operacionales, así como su análisis DAFO. A continuación se detallan las acciones realizadas por el CDITA para cumplir su objetivo de difundir la información territorial, principalmente la inclusión de sus contenidos en el Portal de Internet en el Gobierno de Aragón. Por último, se exponen los retos y perspectivas de futuro

Quality and acceptability of microwave and conventionally pasteurized kiwifruit puree

The final publication is available at link.springer.com[EN] The development and optimisation of food preservation processes seem to be necessary in order to address consumer expectations related to secure, fresh-like foods. To this end, the sensory, nutritional and functional properties must be maximally retained. In order to contribute to the acquisition of knowledge about the adequacy of microwave processing as a means of preserving fruit-based products, the present study compares the impact of microwave heating with conventional thermal processing. The consumer acceptance of fresh and pasteurised kiwifruit puree was studied as was the content of water, soluble solids and bioactive compounds and the pH, consistency, viscosity, colour coordinates and antioxidant capacity, as well as the effect of the thermal treatment on enzyme and microbial inactivation. As bioactive compounds, the content of vitamins C, A and E and the total flavonoid, phenol and tannin content have been considered. As the obtained results show, not only was microwaved puree preferred by consumers, but it also exhibited a superior maintenance of the nutritive and functional properties of the fruit, smaller colour changes and a content of inactivated enzymes and microorganisms equal to or greater than the conventionally heated sample.The authors thank the Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia for the financial support given throughout the Project AGL 2010-22176 and AGL 2010-22206-C02-01 and the grant awarded to the author Maria Benlloch.Benlloch Tinoco, M.; Igual Ramo, M.; Salvador Alcaraz, A.; Rodrigo Aliaga, MD.; Martínez Navarrete, N. (2014). Quality and acceptability of microwave and conventionally pasteurized kiwifruit puree. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 7(11):3282-3292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-014-1315-9S32823292711Awuah, G. B., Ramaswamy, H. 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Influence of the Water Vapour Permeability of Airtight Sheets on the Behaviour of Facade

The air-tightness of the thermal envelope of buildings is one of the measures to reduce their energy demands in order to achieve global warming reduction targets. To this end, airtight sheets with different water vapour permeability characteristics are used. The different products studied are highly dispersed in terms of equivalent air thickness values, leading to confusion. After the analysis carried out, it is concluded that all airtight sheets are vapour barriers. To clarify whether or not these sheets are necessary as vapour barriers, a condensation analysis was carried out on 13 different facades for 3 climate zones with severe winters as defined in Spanish regulations. The results reveal that interstitial condensation occurs in only 7 of the 39 case studies, with the traditional facades of brickwork with render causing the greatest problems if the appropriate products are not used. In these cases, airtight sheets with water vapour barrier characteristics must be applied on the interior face of the insulating material. In all other cases (32), the airtight sheets must be permeable to water vapour if it is looked for a more breathable wall to water vapour and a better control of the interior humidity conditions

IL-17A regulates Eimeria tenella schizont maturation and migration in avian coccidiosis

Although IL17A is associated with the immunological control of various infectious diseases, its role in host response to Eimeria infections is not well understood. In an effort to better dissect the role of IL17A in host-pathogen interactions in avian coccidiosis, a neutralizing antibody (Ab) to chicken IL17A was used to counteract IL17A bioactivity in vivo. Chickens infected with Eimeria tenella and treated intravenously with IL17A Ab, exhibited reduced intracellular schizont and merozoite development, diminished lesion score, compared with untreated controls. Immunohistological evaluation of cecal lesions in the parasitized tissues indicated reduced migration and maturation of second-generation schizonts and reduced lesions in lamina propria and submucosa. In contrast, untreated and infected chickens had epithelial cells harboring second-generation schizonts, which extend into the submucosa through muscularis mucosa disruptions, maturing into second generation merozoites. Furthermore, IL17A Ab treatment was associated with increased parameters of Th1 immunity (IL2- and IFN¿- producing cells), reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diminished levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Finally, schizonts from untreated and infected chickens expressed S100, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3), and heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) proteins as merozoites matured, whereas the expression of these proteins was absent in IL17A Ab-treated chickens. These results provide the first evidence that the administration of an IL17A neutralizing Ab to E. tenella-infected chickens inhibits the migration of parasitized epithelial cells, markedly reduces the production of ROS and MMP-9, and decreases cecal lesions, suggesting that IL17A might be a potential therapeutic target for coccidiosis control