¿Pastores o asalariados? Estrategias de vida en la continuidad y la Coyuntura política en las altas montañas del noroeste de Argentina

Este trabajo pretende mostrar las transformaciones ocurridas en relación con la orientación productiva y la administración familiar de los recursos disponibles en las altas montañas del Noroeste Argentino, a partir de la observación de su trayectoria histórica y las coyunturas políticas y socioeconómicas que condicionaron y acotaron su capacidad de elección. Hablamos aquí de los pastores de una localidad en particular, Suripujio en la puna jujeña, territorio limítrofe entre Bolivia y Argentina, realizando un recorrido histórico regional y luego local, que intenta mostrar algunos de los escenarios que fueron marcando cambios de rumbo en las formas de vida y de trabajo de las familias del lugar. También mostraremos datos que ejemplifican las estrategias de vida actuales de las familias de las tierras altas jujeñas y de Suripujio en particular

Analysis of immune cells draining from the abdominal cavity as a novel tool to study intestinal transplant immunobiology

Summary During intestinal transplant (ITx) operation, intestinal lymphatics are not reconstituted. Consequently, trafficking immune cells drain freely into the abdominal cavity. Our aim was to evaluate whether leucocytes migrating from a transplanted intestine could be recovered from the abdominal draining fluid collected by a peritoneal drainage system in the early post-ITx period, and to determine potential applications of the assessment of draining cellular populations. The cell composition of the abdominal draining fluid was analysed during the first 11 post-ITx days. Using flow cytometry, immune cells from blood and draining fluid samples obtained the same day showed an almost complete lymphopenia in peripheral blood, whereas CD3+CD4+CD8 -, CD3+CD4-CD8+ and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)+CD19+ lymphocytes were the main populations in the draining fluid. Non-complicated recipients evolved from a mixed leucocyte pattern including granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to an exclusively lymphocytic pattern along the first post-ITx week. At days 1-2 post-Itx, analysis by short tandem repeats fingerprinting of CD3 +CD8+ sorted T cells from draining fluid indicated that 50% of cells were from graft origin, whereas by day 11 post-ITx this proportion decreased to fewer than 1%. Our results show for the first time that the abdominal drainage fluid contains mainly immune cells trafficking from the implanted intestine, providing the opportunity to sample lymphocytes draining from the grafted organ along the post-ITx period. Therefore, this analysis may provide information useful for understanding ITx immunobiology and eventually could also be of interest for clinical management.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun

Analysis of immune cells draining from the abdominal cavity as a novel tool to study intestinal transplant immunobiology

Summary During intestinal transplant (ITx) operation, intestinal lymphatics are not reconstituted. Consequently, trafficking immune cells drain freely into the abdominal cavity. Our aim was to evaluate whether leucocytes migrating from a transplanted intestine could be recovered from the abdominal draining fluid collected by a peritoneal drainage system in the early post-ITx period, and to determine potential applications of the assessment of draining cellular populations. The cell composition of the abdominal draining fluid was analysed during the first 11 post-ITx days. Using flow cytometry, immune cells from blood and draining fluid samples obtained the same day showed an almost complete lymphopenia in peripheral blood, whereas CD3+CD4+CD8 -, CD3+CD4-CD8+ and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)+CD19+ lymphocytes were the main populations in the draining fluid. Non-complicated recipients evolved from a mixed leucocyte pattern including granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to an exclusively lymphocytic pattern along the first post-ITx week. At days 1-2 post-Itx, analysis by short tandem repeats fingerprinting of CD3 +CD8+ sorted T cells from draining fluid indicated that 50% of cells were from graft origin, whereas by day 11 post-ITx this proportion decreased to fewer than 1%. Our results show for the first time that the abdominal drainage fluid contains mainly immune cells trafficking from the implanted intestine, providing the opportunity to sample lymphocytes draining from the grafted organ along the post-ITx period. Therefore, this analysis may provide information useful for understanding ITx immunobiology and eventually could also be of interest for clinical management.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun

Analysis of immune cells draining from the abdominal cavity as a novel tool to study intestinal transplant immunobiology

Summary During intestinal transplant (ITx) operation, intestinal lymphatics are not reconstituted. Consequently, trafficking immune cells drain freely into the abdominal cavity. Our aim was to evaluate whether leucocytes migrating from a transplanted intestine could be recovered from the abdominal draining fluid collected by a peritoneal drainage system in the early post-ITx period, and to determine potential applications of the assessment of draining cellular populations. The cell composition of the abdominal draining fluid was analysed during the first 11 post-ITx days. Using flow cytometry, immune cells from blood and draining fluid samples obtained the same day showed an almost complete lymphopenia in peripheral blood, whereas CD3+CD4+CD8 -, CD3+CD4-CD8+ and human leucocyte antigen D-related (HLA-DR)+CD19+ lymphocytes were the main populations in the draining fluid. Non-complicated recipients evolved from a mixed leucocyte pattern including granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes to an exclusively lymphocytic pattern along the first post-ITx week. At days 1-2 post-Itx, analysis by short tandem repeats fingerprinting of CD3 +CD8+ sorted T cells from draining fluid indicated that 50% of cells were from graft origin, whereas by day 11 post-ITx this proportion decreased to fewer than 1%. Our results show for the first time that the abdominal drainage fluid contains mainly immune cells trafficking from the implanted intestine, providing the opportunity to sample lymphocytes draining from the grafted organ along the post-ITx period. Therefore, this analysis may provide information useful for understanding ITx immunobiology and eventually could also be of interest for clinical management.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun

Immunological status of isolated lymphoid follicles after intestinal transplantation

Intestinal transplantation (ITx) faces the challenge of grafting a high immunogenic organ, which is certainly one of the major obstacles for intestinal allograft acceptance. The allograft has to guarantee the proper functioning of the mucosal immune machinery under immunosuppressive conditions. Recently, it has been elucidated that isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) are an indispensable part of mucosal immunity to maintain IgA synthesis and consequently to control commensal microflora. No data about these follicular structures in the setting of ITx are available so far. Therefore, we addressed the question whether constitution, integrity and function of allograft ILFs are disturbed by immunosuppressive regimen. We compared allograft ILFs from terminal ileum of transplant patients with ILFs from nontransplant patients via flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. We found that host leukocytes rapidly repopulate allograft ILFs and that maintenance immunosuppressive regimen, tacrolimus and corticosteroids, does not affect their cellular integrity and function. However, allograft ILFs revealed a higher maturation state than control samples and IgA positive plasma cells were increased in number in allograft mucosa. Our results open the path for a better understanding of allograft mucosal immunity. This study shows that cellular integrity and function of isolated lymphoid follicles in the small bowel of transplanted patients are not affected by the immunosuppressive regimen, and that these lymphoid structures serve to better understand the mucosal immunity of the intestinal allograft.Fil: Meier, Dominik. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Docena, Guillermo H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; ArgentinaFil: Ramisch, D.. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Toscanini, U.. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Berardi, G.. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Three liver transplants after a single cadaveric procurement: Split liver transplantation plus domino liver transplantation, an infrequent but valid alternative for maximizing transplant sharing and applicability - Report of the first Latin American case

The development of liver surgery and the need toovercome the shortage of cadaveric grafts havestimulated the creativity of surgeons in describingdifferent options for using segmental liver grafts.Reduced size liver transplantation, ex vivo and insitu split liver transplantation, and living relateddonor liver transplantation are options that havespread since their original descriptions.1 In the settingof these accepted strategies, the option of performingsequential or domino liver transplantationwith livers from patients with familial amyloidoticpolyneuropathy (FAP) has become possible, andthese patients have started to be used worldwide aswhole living donors for patients who otherwisewould not benefit from the current allocation systemand cannot apply for a segmental adult living donorgraft. The success of some of the aforementionedtechniques can be currently followed via Web-basedregistries such as the Familial Amyloidotic PolyneuropathyWorld Transplant Registry, which includes62 centers in 21 countries performing orthotopicliver transplantation with FAP donors.2 The need tofoster maximal sharing has led to surgical innovationsfor further splitting FAP livers or performingsplit liver transplants for a pediatric recipient andan adult recipient with FAP followed by sequentialor domino liver transplantation; however, only asmall number of cases of this kind have beendescribed.3-5 Therefore, we report here our experiencewith the first case of split transplantation plusdomino transplantation in Latin America at 2 Argentinean institutions.Fil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Barros Schelotto, Pablo. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Halac, Esteban. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Pablo. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Dip, Marcelo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Cervio, Guillermo. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Ramisch, Diego. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Klein, Francisco. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Niveyro, Silvia. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Orce, Guillermo. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Yantorno, Silvina. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Descalzi, Valeria. Universidad Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Imventarza, Oscar Cesar. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentin

Pancreatoduodenectomy for “borderline” malignancies: short and long-term results of performing vascular resections

La Duodenopancreatectomía Cefálica (DPC) es el tratamiento estándar para las neoplasias malignas de la cabeza de páncreas y periampulares. A pesar de los avances en estudios por imágenes, la mayoría de los casos continúan no siendo resecables al momento de realizar el diagnóstico. Incluir estructuras vasculares aumenta las posibilidades de resección.Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de duodenopancreatectomía cefálica (DPC) asociadas a resección vascular.Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo que incluye pacientes operados en un único centro desde enero de 2008 a septiembre de 2016. En el análisis se incluyeron variables como características demográficas, tumorales, presencia de invasión vascular, las complicaciones postoperatorias inmediatas, la supervivencia global y la supervivencia libre de enfermedad. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó SPSS®v.21. (p<0,05 fue considerado significativo).Resultados: Se realizaron 74 DPC por neoplasias malignas primarias. Veinte requirieron resección vascular (RV). Las mismas se compararon con 54 que no requirieron RV. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos en términos de edad, sexo, patología y requerimiento de transfusión. La mediana de seguimiento fue 33 (± 28) meses, el número de resecciones R0 fue comparable entre los grupos y las supervivencias global y libre de enfermedad no presentaron diferencias significativas (p= 0.10)Conclusiones: Hoy en día la necesidad de realizar DPC+RV no debe ser considerada una contraindicación quirúrgica ya que amplía las posibilidades de obtener una resección R0 sin impactar en la morbimortalidad peri-operatoria, asegurando así resultados adecuados en pacientes que previamente no eran candidatos a resección.Fil: Rubio, Santiago. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Barros Schelotto, Pablo. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Aguirre, Nicolas. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Pedraza, Nestor. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Ramisch, Diego. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Farinelli, Pablo. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Cundom, Juan. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Mendez, Guillermo. Fundación Favaloro; ArgentinaFil: Roca, Enrique. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos B. Udaondo"; ArgentinaFil: Gondolesi, Gabriel Eduardo. Fundación Favaloro; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería. Fundación Favaloro. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería; Argentin