Propuesta de fomento de desarrollo comunitario sustentable: Localidad Pate Mula de los Cedros

Documento escrito, requisito parcial para obtener el Grado de Maestro/a en Agroindustria Rural, Desarrollo Territorial y turismo Agroalimentario.El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de plantear una propuesta de desarrollo comunitario, que contribuya a la solución de rezago social y económico de la comunidad en cuestión, mediante el enfoque de Desarrollo Comunitario Sustentable (DCS).La metodología consiste en un diagnóstico de actividades económicas potenciales que sean la base del desarrollo de esta comunidad originaria. Se emplea el método de Análisis y Desarrollo de Mercados (AyDM) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU). La metodología apoya el desarrollo de la capacidad emprendedora y ayuda a las personas a mejorar sus medios de vida, dado que considera no solo la sostenibilidad ambiental, sino también aspectos sociales, tecnológicos, legales y comerciales (ONU, 2013). Se hacen adecuaciones de aplicación de la metodología para no solo enfocarse en los recursos forestales de la comunidad, sino también en los recursos locales naturales y humanos. El resultado de la aplicación del AyDM muestra que las personas de la comunidad están interesadas y dispuestas a participar en actividades económicas, diferentes a las que se practican actualmente, algunas de estas actividades promueven el rescate de saberes tradicionales.CONACYT - Becas Nacionale

Desarrollo Municipal, Una visión contemporanea

El desarrollo político de los países occidentales ha tenido un efecto decisivo en las transformaciones estructurales de las sociedades en proceso de modernización. La modificación de las economías tradicionales por la noción de economías de mercado o la estabilidad política por un escenario de dinamismo político, son un claro ejemplo

Silver-Copper Oxide Heteronanostructures for the Plasmonic-Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation of n-Hexane in the Visible-NIR Range

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are recognized as hazardous contributors to air pollution, precursors of multiple secondary byproducts, troposphere aerosols, and recognized contributors to respiratory and cancer-related issues in highly populated areas. Moreover, VOCs present in indoor environments represent a challenging issue that need to be addressed due to its increasing presence in nowadays society. Catalytic oxidation by noble metals represents the most effective but costly solution. The use of photocatalytic oxidation has become one of the most explored alternatives given the green and sustainable advantages of using solar light or low-consumption light emitting devices. Herein, we have tried to address the shortcomings of the most studied photocatalytic systems based on titania (TiO2) with limited response in the UV-range or alternatively the high recombination rates detected in other transition metal-based oxide systems. We have developed a silver-copper oxide heteronanostructure able to combine the plasmonic-enhanced properties of Ag nanostructures with the visible-light driven photoresponse of CuO nanoarchitectures. The entangled Ag-CuO heteronanostructure exhibits a broad absorption towards the visible-near infrared (NIR) range and achieves total photo-oxidation of n-hexane under irradiation with different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) specific wavelengths at temperatures below 180 °C and outperforming its thermal catalytic response or its silver-free CuO illuminated counterpart

Antagonismo in vitro de Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) contra hongos patógenos de Solanum lycopersicum L.

Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) is a natural habitant of the soil that presents qualities as a biological control of fungal pathogens. It has mechanisms with antagonistic effects such as competition for space and nutrients, production of secondary metabolites, and lytic enzymes related to antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The objective was to evaluate the in vitro biocontrol capacity of the native strain T. asperellum (Ta13-17) against pathogenic fungi isolated from Solanum lycopersicum L. In dual culture in Petri dishes containing PDA, T. asperellum was confronted against five phytopathogenic fungi isolated from tomato. The percentage of inhibition of mycelial growth (ICM) and the degree of mycoparasitism were calculated. To calculate the antibiosis, ICM, sporulation inhibition and germination of conidia were determined in mycelium disks of each phytopathogen grown on PDA medium with liquid filtrate of T. asperellum added. Additionally, chitinase and glucanase production by T. asperellum was evaluated in minimal medium. A completely randomized design was used. The antagonist exhibited chitinase and glucanase activities from day three after sowing and inhibited growth of the phytopathogenic fungi at least 55 %. On the eleventh day, 100 % mycoparasitism was observed in C. lunata (ITC22) and A. alternata (ITC24); the rest of the phytopathogens showed at least 92,05 %. Antibiosis tests showed 100 % ICM for F. equiseti (ITC24) and 100% inhibition of sporulation and germination of conidia in C. cassiicola (ITC23), A. alternata (ITC23), and F. equiseti (ITC32).Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) es un habitante natural del suelo que presenta cualidades como controlador biológico de patógenos fúngicos. Posee mecanismos con efecto antagónico, como son la competencia por espacio y nutrientes, la producción de metabolitos secundarios y enzimas líticas relacionadas con antibiosis y micoparasitismo, respectivamente. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar, in vitro, la capacidad de biocontrol de la cepa nativa T. asperellum Samuels, Lieckf. & Nirenberg (Ta13-17) contra hongos patógenos aislados de Solanum lycopersicum L. Se enfrentó a T. asperellum contra cinco hongos fitopatógenos aislados de tomate, en placas Petri con medio PDA en cultivo Dual. Se calcularon el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial (ICM) y el grado de micoparasitismo. Para calcular la antibiosis, se preparó cultivo PDA en combinación con filtrado líquido de T. asperellum. Se sembró un disco de micelio de cada fitopatógeno y se determinaron ICM, inhibición de esporulación y germinación de conidios. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la producción de quitinasas y glucanasas de T. asperellum en medio mínimo. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar. Los tratamientos en cada experimento se compararon mediante análisis de varianza seguido de la prueba de Tukey para

In vitro plantlet regeneration from nodal segments and shoot tips of Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Naga King Chili

An in vitro regeneration protocol was developed for Capsicum chinense Jacq. cv. Naga King Chili, a very pungent chili cultivar and an important horticultural crop of Nagaland (Northeast India). Maximum number of shoot (13 ± 0.70) was induced with bud-forming capacity (BFC) index of 10.8, by culturing nodal segments in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 18.16 μM Thidiazuron (TDZ) followed by 35.52 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Using shoot tips as explants, multiple shoot (10 ± 0.37) (BFC 8.3) was also induced in MS medium fortified with either 18.16 μM TDZ or 35.52 μM BAP. Elongated shoots were best rooted in MS medium containing 5.70 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Rooted plantlets thus developed were hardened in 2–3 weeks time in plastic cups containing potting mixture of a 1:1 mix of soil and cow dung manure and then subsequently transferred to earthen pots. The regenerated plants did not show any variation in the morphology and growth as compared to the parent plant

Fatty acids homeostasis during fasting predicts protection from chemotherapy toxicity.

Fasting exerts beneficial effects in mice and humans, including protection from chemotherapy toxicity. To explore the involved mechanisms, we collect blood from humans and mice before and after 36 or 24 hours of fasting, respectively, and measure lipid composition of erythrocyte membranes, circulating micro RNAs (miRNAs), and RNA expression at peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Fasting coordinately affects the proportion of polyunsaturated versus saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids at the erythrocyte membrane; and reduces the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in PBMCs. When fasted for 24 hours before and 24 hours after administration of oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, mice show a strong protection from toxicity in several tissues. Erythrocyte membrane lipids and PBMC gene expression define two separate groups of individuals that accurately predict a differential protection from chemotherapy toxicity, with important clinical implications. Our results reveal a mechanism of fasting associated with lipid homeostasis, and provide biomarkers of fasting to predict fasting-mediated protection from chemotherapy toxicity.General: We thank Prof. Jose Maria. Ordovas for his kind suggestions; nutritionists Helena Marcos-Pasero, Elena Aguilar-Aguilar and Isabel Espinosa-Salinas for their help with volunteers management; Rosa Serrano for her help with animal experiments; Susana Molina for her advice with PBMC isolation; Luisa Mariscal, Domingo Fernandez, Lola Martinez, Diego Megias, Patricia Gonzalez, Fernando Pelaez, Anabel Sanz, Carolina Pola, Celia de la Calle, Ana Ortega, Ana Sagrera, Jose Miguel Frade, Elena Lopez-Guadamillas, Maribel Munoz, Susana Llanos, Andres Fernandez, Aranzazu Sierra, Andres Lopez, Noemi Haro and Ildefonso Rodriguez for their excellent technical and scientific support. Work at the laboratory of P.J.F.M. is funded by the Ramon Areces Foundation, (CIVP18A3891), Asociacion Espanola contra el Cancer-AECC (SIRTBIO-LABAE18008FERN), a Ramon y Cajal Award from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN) (RYC-2017-22335), RETOS projects Program of MICINN (SAF2017-85766-R) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES, SFRH/BD/124022/2016). Work at the laboratory of ARM was funded by the MICINN (PID2019-110183RB-C21), Regional Government of Community of Madrid (P2018/BAA-4343-ALIBIRD2020-CM) and the Ramon Areces Foundation. Work at the laboratory of A.D.R. Funded by the Comunidad de Madrid-Talento Grant 2018-T1/BMD-11966 and the MICINN PID-2019-106893RA-100. Work at the laboratory of L.D. is funded by projects from the Health Research Fund (ISCIII FIS PI14/01374 and FISPI17/00508) and from a Manuel de Oya research fellowship from the Beer and Health Foundation. Work at the laboratory of A.E. is funded by a Ramon y Cajal Award from MICINN (RYC-2013-13546) and RETOS projects Program of the MICINN, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2015-67538-R). Work in the laboratory of M.S. was funded by the IRB and by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economy co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (SAF2013-48256-R), the European Research Council (ERC-2014-AdG/669622), and the "laCaixa" Foundation.S

Pharmacological and genetic increases in liver NADPH levels ameliorate NASH progression in female mice

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the fastest growing liver diseases worldwide, and oxidative stress is one of NASH main key drivers. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) is the ultimate donor of reductive power to a number of antioxidant defences. Here, we explored the potential of increasing NADPH levels to prevent NASH progression. We used nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation or a G6PD-tg mouse line harbouring an additional copy of the human G6PD gene. In a NASH mouse model induced by feeding mice a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet for three weeks, both tools increased the hepatic levels of NADPH and ameliorated the NASH phenotype induced by the MCD intervention, but only in female mice. Boosting NADPH levels in females increased the liver expression of the antioxidant genes Gsta3, Sod1 and Txnrd1 in NR-treated mice, or of Gsr for G6PD-tg mice. Both strategies significantly reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation. NR-treated female mice showed a reduction of steatosis accompanied by a drop of the hepatic triglyceride levels, that was not observed in G6PD-tg mice. NR-treated mice tended to reduce their lobular inflammation, showed a reduction of the NK cell population and diminished transcription of the damage marker Lcn2. G6PD-tg female mice exhibited a reduction of their lobular inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning induced by the MCD diet, that was related to a reduction of the monocyte-derived macrophage population and the Tnfa, Ccl2 and Lcn2 gene expression. As conclusion, boosting hepatic NADPH levels attenuated the oxidative lipid damage and the exhausted antioxidant gene expression specifically in female mice in two different models of NASH, preventing the progression of the inflammatory process and hepatic injury.This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No - 832741. (Acronym Food-PPP-NAFLD). I.R-R was recipient and funded by the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant. AP-F was a recipient of a predoctoral fellowship from the Spanish association against cancer - AECC (PRDMA18011PAST). JLL-A was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) (PTA2017‐14689‐I). PJF-M was funded by a Ramon y Cajal Award from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN) (RYC-2017-22335 financed by the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the ESF Investing in your future). Work at the laboratory of PJF-M was funded by the AECC (SIRTBIO- LABAE18008FERN) and the RETOS Program projects from the MICINN (SAF2017-85766-R and PID2020-114077RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). E.G.-D. was a recipient of a predoctoral grant financed by the Spanish Ministry (FPU18/05350). A. M. V. is funded by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem).Peer reviewe

Desarrollo municipal. Una visión contemporánea

Para los estudiosos y el público interesado en los asuntos municipales, 2013 fue un año emblemático porque se cumplieron tres décadas de la reforma al artículo 115 constitucional, precepto que sustancia la vida institucional de los municipios mexicanos. La vida municipal, merced a este periodo, se ha revitalizado, aunque de manera diferenciada entre caso y caso, pues la heterogeneidad económica, política y social persiste, así como sus efectos adversos, sobre los municipios más rezagados; ello es recordatorio de las deudas pendientes del Estado con esta expresión local. Tal revitalización ha alcanzado a la discusión académica con un resultado exuberante en producción editorial que da cuenta de significativos cambios en la vida asociada