Developing ethnic identity through Chicano

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Entre Piedra y Pared: A Multi-Level Analysis of Housing and Immigration Policies’ Effect on Undocumented Immigrants in Mexico City

The effects of global migratory movements generate discourse between countries, opposing political parties, international media outlets, and NGOs like the UN. However, the observable impact of these movements is often felt within the cities that are hubs for migration. This thesis examines the intersection between the issues of immigration and housing in Mexico City, and how policy, public opinion, and the organization of civil society arises as a result of external influences. A key finding of this thesis is that the indirect system effects model, as presented by Stephen Chaudoin, is best for understanding the ramifications of the international environment on domestic variables. These domestic variables include the flows and types of migrants coming into Mexico and the pressures on Mexican immigration policy from the U.S. and Central America. The model reveals how variables like flows and types of migrants coming into Mexico and the pressures on national policy impact the outputs of interest: i) immigrants’ needs once they are in the city, ii) civil society and political response to immigrants, and iii) attitudes toward immigrants. This reveals a distinct lack of institutional support for immigrants, most notably in the domain of housing, which is detrimental to the overall development of Mexico City. The indirect system effects model illuminates the pathways to consider with regard to the nuanced intersection of international, domestic, and local variables and relationships, thus providing a useful framework for similar future studies in intricate areas of interest

The Impact of a Mindfulness Application (App) on the Mental Health of Injured College Athletes Experiencing Chronic Pain

Experiencing an injury can cause negative effects on an athlete’s mental health, including depression and anxiety, decreased self-esteem, isolation, loss of identity, and fear. Some athletes may experience chronic pain after an injury, defined as pain that lasts beyond the normal timespan of healing over three months, not including tissue damage. Most research on the psychological effects of sport injuries have focused on acute injuries rather than chronic injuries. Mindfulness, the ability of being fully present in a moment in time in one’s body, paying attention to physical sensations and feelings, has been found to improve mental health outcomes in athletes but has not yet been studied in injured athletes. PURPOSE: To investigate if using a mindfulness application for 10 days can decrease perception of pain, symptoms of depression, and increase mindfulness in athletes with chronic injuries. METHODS: Collegiate athletes experiencing chronic pain from a sport injury (N = 25; male = 16, female = 9) underwent a repeated measures design. During the initial visit, participants completed a Demographic/Sport/Injury Questionnaire, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to measure perception of pain, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Participants assigned to the experimental group then downloaded a mindfulness application to their phone and completed one mindfulness session on the app per day for 10 days. After 10 days, participants returned to the laboratory and completed the VAS, BDI-II, and MAAS. RESULTS: A two-way repeated measures ANOVA test was conducted to assess differences in perception of pain, mindfulness, and depression symptoms over time between the control and experimental group. The results revealed an overall significant effect in perception of pain (F(1,23) = 6.4194, p = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.218), in that participants in the experimental group decreased in perception of pain (M = 1.019, SD = 0.970) more than those in the control group (M = 2.625, SD = 2.225).Likewise, a significant main effect on mindfulness was found (F(1,23) = 5.151, p = 0.033, ηp2 = 0.183), with those in the experimental group improving in mindfulness (M = 61.385, SD = 16.194) more so than those in the control group (M = 60.750, SD = 15.580). Finally, there was no significant main effect of depression symptoms (F(1,23) = 2.299 p = 0.143, ηp2 = 0.091). CONCLUSION: Our study determined that using the mindfulness app for 10 days produced a decrease in perception of pain and increase in mindfulness compared to the control condition, but did not appear to impact depression symptoms. This suggests that a 10-day mindfulness app intervention can be utilized to decrease perception of pain and improve mindfulness in collegiate athletes, thus improving their quality of life and athletic experience

Violencia contra la mujer y desarrollo social en una zona rural de la Libertad, 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la violencia contra la mujer y el desarrollo social en las zonas rurales de la Libertad, 2022, para ello trabajo con el tipo de investigación básica, con un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental nivel correlacional – descriptivo de corte transversal, para ello analizó a 374 mujeres de la provincia de Otuzco de la Libertad, mediante la aplicación del cuestionario para ambas variables de estudio. Por consiguiente, como resultado de las 374 mujeres, el 57% percibe una violencia contra la mujer en un nivel alto, de los cuales el 2.9% percibió un nivel regular y el 23.5% buena y 0.55 deficiente en relación al desarrollo social. Por otro parte, se pudo contrastar la hipótesis donde se obtuvo un Rho=-0.734 (correlación negativa alta) y un (p<0.05) para ambos casos, por ello se admite la Ha y se refuta la Ho, por lo tanto, se evidencia que la violencia contra la mujer se relaciona con el desarrollo social en las zonas rurales de la Libertad, 2022. Conclusión, se demostró con ello que si disminuye la violencia contra la mujer mejoraría en el desarrollo social en las zonas rurales de la provincia de Otuzco

Agreeability of ActiGraph and activPal 4™ Measures of Vigorous Activity

Key Words: Accelerometry, activPal 4™, ActiGraph, RPE, HR Introduction: Wearable technologies are consistently used in research to track physical activity and study how it can improve overall health. ActiGraph and activPal are research-grade accelerometers that track activity levels of all intensities in humans. ActivPal has recently improved its technology to measure vigorous activity more accurately to be consistent with the gold standard Actigraph measures. The purpose of this study is to test the agreeability between the vigorous activity measures of the ActiGraph and activPal 4™ devices. Methods: Regular exercisers are being recruited from the KSU Department of Exercise Science and Sports Management to participate. They are fitted with one activPal 4™ on the thigh which will be compared with two ActiGraphs: one worn on the waist and the other worn on the right wrist for three days. Participants record their exercise sessions in an activity diary. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and heart rate are also recorded to determine exercise intensity. Exercise is considered vigorous if RPE is 5 or more and if the heart rate is 76% of age-predicted heart rate max or higher. Statistics will include paired t-tests to determine the differences between the means, correlations to determine strength of agreement, and Bland Altman plots for inter-device agreement. Results: Data collection is currently underway, and findings will be presented at the KSU Symposium for Student Scholars. Conclusions: This study will determine the level of agreeability between the ActiGraph and activPal 4™ measures during vigorous activity. It will provide information about whether ActivPal 4 is acceptable to use for measuring vigorous activity in humans

Agreement Between 3 Physical Activity Monitors for Estimating Step Count

PURPOSE: The ActiGraph GT3X, ActiGraph GT9X, and ActivPAL 4 are accelerometry devices used to measure human physical activity for both research and clinical data. The accelerometer selection is important to yield the most accurate data. This study tests the association and agreement between estimated step counts measured by these accelerometry devices. METHODS: Two males and five females participated (Age: 19.6±3.0 years, BMI: 23.2±6.0 kg/m2). Three accelerometers were worn simultaneously for at least 19 hours. Two ActiGraphs (GT3X and GT9X) were worn on the waist and one ActivPAL monitor was affixed to the right thigh. Step count data from the 3 devices were compared using ANOVA test and were associated using Pearson correlation test. Agreement was determined by calculating the correlation between the difference in step count between 2 devices and the average of the step counts from the 2 devices. RESULTS: Average step count recorded from the GT3X (5644± 2410.3), GT9X (5229.2± 2088.1), and ActivPAL 4 (5836.4± 2641.6) appear to be similar (p=0.924). Strong correlations were found in step count between GT3X and GT9X (r= 0.978, p= 0.001), GT3X and ActivPAL 4 (r=0.995, p=0.001), and GT9X and ActivPAL 4 (r= 0.968, p=0.001). Step count data was in agreement between GT3X and GT9X (r= 0.479, p= 0.316), GT3X and ActivPAL 4 (r= -0.463, p= 0.355), GT9X and ActivPAL 4 (r= -0.568, p= 0.183) were also found. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that for estimating step count, the three devices may be used interchangeably

Fuel economy optimization from the interaction between engine oil and driving conditions

[EN] Low viscosity engine oils have shown to be an effective solution to the fuel consumption reduction target, however, their potential is closely linked to the vehicle and engine design and to the real driving conditions. In this study the interaction between engine oil and driving conditions of two urban routes and one rural route in Spain and the United Kingdom has been put to test with the aim to evaluate their joint effect over fuel economy of a freight transport vehicle. In a first approximation, six different oil formulations, three of them belonging to the new API CK-4 and FA-4 categories and two with molybdenum-based friction modifier, were tested under stationary conditions with a medium-duty diesel engine. Followed by tests under real driving conditions of a freight transport vehicle, developed by means of computer simulations with an adjusted vehicle model, taking the fuel consumption maps of the six oil formulations, vehicle characteristics and the selected driving cycles as inputs to the model. Results of engine bench tests and simulations with oils of lower HTHS viscosity showed fuel consumption reduction values as expected. However unexpected results were found between the oils with molybdenum-based friction modifier added to their formulation.The authors would like to thank to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for supporting the EFICOIL project (TRA2015-70785-R) and to the program Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01-17) of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.Tormos, B.; Pla Moreno, B.; Bastidas-Moncayo, KS.; Ramirez-Roa, LA.; Perez, T. (2019). Fuel economy optimization from the interaction between engine oil and driving conditions. Tribology International. 138:263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2019.05.042S263270138Edwards, M. R., Klemun, M. M., Kim, H. C., Wallington, T. J., Winkler, S. L., Tamor, M. A., & Trancik, J. E. (2017). Vehicle emissions of short-lived and long-lived climate forcers: trends and tradeoffs. Faraday Discussions, 200, 453-474. doi:10.1039/c7fd00063dDente, S. M. R., & Tavasszy, L. (2018). Policy oriented emission factors for road freight transport. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 61, 33-41. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2017.03.021Hofer, C., Jäger, G., & Füllsack, M. (2018). Large scale simulation of CO2 emissions caused by urban car traffic: An agent-based network approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 1-10. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.113Lepitzki, J., & Axsen, J. (2018). The role of a low carbon fuel standard in achieving long-term GHG reduction targets. Energy Policy, 119, 423-440. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.067Solaymani, S. (2019). CO2 emissions patterns in 7 top carbon emitter economies: The case of transport sector. Energy, 168, 989-1001. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.145European Union, The European Union explained: transport, EU publications doi:10.2775/13082.Eurostat statistics explained. road freight transport statistics, [Accessed: 10/01/2019]. URL https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Road_freight_transport_statistics.Kin, B., Spoor, J., Verlinde, S., Macharis, C., & Van Woensel, T. (2018). Modelling alternative distribution set-ups for fragmented last mile transport: Towards more efficient and sustainable urban freight transport. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 6(1), 125-132. doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2017.11.009Edwards, J. B., McKinnon, A. C., & Cullinane, S. L. (2010). Comparative analysis of the carbon footprints of conventional and online retailing. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 40(1/2), 103-123. doi:10.1108/09600031011018055Manerba, D., Mansini, R., & Zanotti, R. (2018). Attended Home Delivery: reducing last-mile environmental impact by changing customer habits. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51(5), 55-60. doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.199Gao, J., Chen, H., Tian, G., Ma, C., & Zhu, F. (2019). An analysis of energy flow in a turbocharged diesel engine of a heavy truck and potentials of improving fuel economy and reducing exhaust emissions. Energy Conversion and Management, 184, 456-465. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.01.053O. Delgado, F. Rodríguez, R. Muncrief, Fuel efficiency technology in european heavy-duty vehicles: baseline and potential for the 2020 2030 time frame, Tech. rep., Int. Counc. Clean. Transport.(2017) https://www.theicct.org/publications/fuel-efficiency-technology-european-heavy-duty-vehicles-baseline-and-potential-2020.J. Norris, G. Escher, Heavy duty vehicles technology potential and cost study, Tech. rep., Int. Counc. Clean. Transport. (2017)https://www.theicct.org/publications/heavy-duty-vehicles-technology-potential-and-cost-study.Ezhilmaran, V., Vasa, N. J., & Vijayaraghavan, L. (2018). Investigation on generation of laser assisted dimples on piston ring surface and influence of dimple parameters on friction. Surface and Coatings Technology, 335, 314-326. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.12.052Arslan, A., Masjuki, H. H., Kalam, M. A., Varman, M., Mosarof, M. H., Mufti, R. A., … Khurram, M. (2017). Investigation of laser texture density and diameter on the tribological behavior of hydrogenated DLC coating with line contact configuration. Surface and Coatings Technology, 322, 31-37. doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.05.037Marian, M., Tremmel, S., & Wartzack, S. (2018). Microtextured surfaces in higher loaded rolling-sliding EHL line-contacts. Tribology International, 127, 420-432. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.06.024Triantafyllopoulos, G., Kontses, A., Tsokolis, D., Ntziachristos, L., & Samaras, Z. (2017). Potential of energy efficiency technologies in reducing vehicle consumption under type approval and real world conditions. Energy, 140, 365-373. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.023Macián, V., Tormos, B., Bermúdez, V., & Ramírez, L. (2014). Assessment of the effect of low viscosity oils usage on a light duty diesel engine fuel consumption in stationary and transient conditions. Tribology International, 79, 132-139. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2014.06.003Macián, V., Tormos, B., Ruíz, S., & Ramírez, L. (2015). Potential of low viscosity oils to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption of urban buses fleets. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 39, 76-88. doi:10.1016/j.trd.2015.06.006Souza de Carvalho, M. J., Rudolf Seidl, P., Pereira Belchior, C. R., & Ricardo Sodré, J. (2010). Lubricant viscosity and viscosity improver additive effects on diesel fuel economy. Tribology International, 43(12), 2298-2302. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2010.07.014Macián, V., Tormos, B., Ruiz, S., & Miró, G. (2016). Low viscosity engine oils: Study of wear effects and oil key parameters in a heavy duty engine fleet test. Tribology International, 94, 240-248. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2015.08.028Taylor, R., Selby, K., Herrera, R., & Green, D. A. (2011). The Effect of Engine, Axle and Transmission Lubricant, and Operating Conditions on Heavy Duty Diesel Fuel Economy: Part 2: Predictions. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 5(1), 488-495. doi:10.4271/2011-01-2130Permude, A., Pathak, M., Kumar, V., & Singh, S. (2012). Influence of Low Viscosity Lubricating Oils on Fuel Economy and Durability of Passenger Car Diesel Engine. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 5(3), 1426-1435. doi:10.4271/2012-28-0010Tormos, B., Ramírez, L., Johansson, J., Björling, M., & Larsson, R. (2017). Fuel consumption and friction benefits of low viscosity engine oils for heavy duty applications. Tribology International, 110, 23-34. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.02.007Van Dam, W., Miller, T., Parsons, G. M., & Takeuchi, Y. (2011). The Impact of Lubricant Viscosity and Additive Chemistry on Fuel Economy in Heavy Duty Diesel Engines. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 5(1), 459-469. doi:10.4271/2011-01-2124Skjoedt, M., Butts, R., Assanis, D. N., & Bohac, S. V. (2008). Effects of oil properties on spark-ignition gasoline engine friction. Tribology International, 41(6), 556-563. doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2007.12.001Rao, L., Zhang, Y., Kook, S., Kim, K. S., & Kweon, C.-B. (2019). Understanding in-cylinder soot reduction in the use of high pressure fuel injection in a small-bore diesel engine. 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Unified modeling of hybrid electric vehicle drivetrains. IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 4(3), 246-257. doi:10.1109/3516.789683Green, D. A., Selby, K., Mainwaring, R., & Herrera, R. (2011). The Effect of Engine, Axle and Transmission Lubricant, and Operating Conditions on Heavy Duty Diesel Fuel Economy. Part 1: Measurements. SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, 5(1), 480-487. doi:10.4271/2011-01-212

Poor cognition is associated with increased abundance of Alistipes and decreased abundance of Clostridium genera in the gut

Background: Brain and gut health are intricately connected via the gut-microbiota-brain axis. Studies have shown that gut dysbiosis is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. However, how cognitive changes affects the gut microbiome structure is currently understudied. We aimed to assess the association between the gut microbiome and global cognitive scores in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Method: Our sample included 1,014 participants (mean age 52, 55% female) of the third generation FHS cohort with available stool samples, cognitive assessments, and no history of dementia or stroke (Table 1).We quantified the gut microbiome composition using 16S rRNA sequencing and performed multivariable association and differential abundance analyses, adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, and other confounders. The global cognitive score (GCS) was built using neuropsychological assessments of four cognitive domains: Executive function (trails-making B); Processing speed (visual reproduction immediate and delayed); Language (similarity test); and Memory (logical memory immediate and delayed). Participants were additionally stratified by GCS with lower and higher scores indicating poor and normal cognition, respectively. Result: Our results (Figure 1) showed that individuals with poor cognition have a decreased abundance of genera Clostridium (OR = 0.69, 95% CI [0.55, 0.86]) and Ruminococcus (0.93, [0.93, 0.94]). Meanwhile, the genus Alistipes, previously connected to anxiety, chronic fatigue syndrome, depression, and hypertension, was more abundant (1.06, [1.05, 1.06]) in the poor cognition group. Moreover, the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio, a butyrate-producing bacteria from the rumen, was also found to be highly abundant (1.12, [1.11, 1.14]) in the poor cognition compared to normal. Finally, there was no difference in alpha and beta diversity between cognitive groups (Figure 2). Conclusion: Our study suggests that the abundance of several genera, including Pseudobutyrivibrio, Alistipes, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium is associated with cognition in middle-age. Clostridium was previously proposed as novel probiotics for human health, and increasing its abundance was viewed as an effective strategy to regulate and maintain the homeostasis of the gut microbiota. As all these bacteria have neuroprotective effects, manipulating their abundance through diet and pre/pro-biotics could be a research path for preserving global cognitive function in the future

PS447 Environmental Politics & Policy Zoom Presentations - Session #2

Over the spring quarter 2021, students from PS447 Environmental Politics and Policy have been researching a substantial environmental issue of their choice, defining a problem found within the issue, and devising and implementing an awareness campaign focused on a solution to the problem. During the Academic Excellence Showcase zoom presentation they will be presenting their environmental issue, creating awareness and proposing a solution for the audience. Students will present on a wide range of environmental themes such plastic waste, air pollution, deforestation and climate change

Spacer-defined intrinsic multiple patterning

Periodic nanotube arrays render enhanced functional properties through their interaction with light and matter, but to reach optimal performance for technologically prominent applications, such as wettability or photonics, structural fine-tuning is essential. Nonetheless, a universal and scalable method providing independent dimension control, high aspect ratios, and the prospect of further structural complexity remains unachieved. Here, we answer this need through an atomic layer deposition (ALD)-enabled multiple patterning. Unlike previous methods, the ALD-deposited spacer is applied on the prepatterned target substrate material, serving as an etching mask to generate a multitude of . By concept iteration, we further realize concentric and/or binary nanoarrays in a number of industrially important materials such as silicon, glass, and polymers. To demonstrate the achieved quality and applicability of the structures, we probe how nanotube fine-tuning induces broadband antireflection and present a surface boasting extremely low reflectance of &lt;1% across the wavelength range of 300-1050 nm