DESIGN, ANALYSIS AND FABRICATION OF CANARD WING CONFIGURATION

In aeronautics, canard is an airframe configuration of fixed wing aircraft in which the forward surface is smaller than the rearward, the former being known as the "canard", the aim of this project is to design, analysis and fabricate of the canard wing configuration. The first step in our project we do design of the canard wing configuration and analysis the aerofoil we do take in the design and conduct the 2D flow analysis by putting the canard aerofoil followed by main wing aerofoil by means the flow pattern how seriously affect the main wing. Then we fabricate the canard configuration by placing the canard in the best place that does not affect the main wing flow parameter. A canard design tends to be less controllable than a conventional design because aileron on the main wing may be subject to turbulence from the canards that varies widely at different angle of attack leading to conditions of deep stall. If the ailerons were located on the canards, we used to find the best place where the canard aero foil suits well and it does affect the main wing flow parameter in the cruise speed at high angle attack. Canards have poor stealth characteristics because they present large, angular surfaces that tend to reflect radar signals

Single and Double Diamond Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna

Volume 1 Issue 3 (May 2013

Solar Coronal Density Turbulence and Magnetic Field Strength at the Source Regions of Two Successive Metric Type II Radio Bursts

We report spectral and polarimeter observations of two weak, low-frequency (≈85–60 MHz) solar coronal type II radio bursts that occurred on 2020 May 29 within a time interval ≈2 minutes. The bursts had fine structures, and were due to harmonic plasma emission. Our analysis indicates that the magnetohydrodynamic shocks responsible for the first and second type II bursts were generated by the leading edge (LE) of an extreme-ultraviolet flux rope/coronal mass ejection (CME) and interaction of its flank with a neighboring coronal structure, respectively. The CME deflected from the radial direction by ≈25° during propagation in the near-Sun corona. The estimated power spectral density and magnetic field strength (B) near the location of the first burst at heliocentric distance r ≈ 1.35 Re are ≈2 × 10−3 W2m and ≈1.8 G, respectively. The corresponding values for the second burst at the same r are ≈10−3 W2 m and ≈0.9 G. The significant spatial scales of the coronal turbulence at the location of the two type II bursts are ≈62–1 Mm. Our conclusions from the present work are that the turbulence and magnetic field strength in the coronal region near the CME LE are higher compared to the corresponding values close to its flank. The derived estimates of the two parameters correspond to the same r for both the CME LE and its flank, with a delay of ≈2 minutes for the latter.Peer reviewe

Models for fine-scale precipitation relevant to urban catchment applications

There are a number of stochastic point process models that can be used to generate rainfall data at hourly or higher aggregation levels. For most hydrological applications rainfall data collected at these aggregation levels are sufficient. Nevertheless, for some catchment studies such as the analysis of urban drainage system, rainfall time series at finer resolution are required to make more accurate estimation of quantities of interest. Poisson cluster based stochastic models are capable of generating rainfall at hourly (or higher) aggregation levels. However for sub-hourly time scale, unless one uses 2 levels of clustering, one has to rely on stochastic disaggregation models to disaggregate hourly rainfall series simulated by cluster based models using either the Bartlett-Lewis or Neyman-Scott processes. This would involve combining two stochastic models which naturally increases the model uncertainty. In view of this, it is useful to have a single stochastic model which has the ability to generate rainfall time series at a finer as well as other time-scale of interest, and which is easier to fit than a Poisson-cluster model. Therefore, our aim in this study is to explore a class of doubly stochastic Poisson process models that can address this problem. For this class of stochastic precipitation models it is possible to write down the likelihood function and hence we use maximum likelihood methods to estimate parameters of the models. The proposed models are used to analyse rainfall bucket tip-times series over a network of stations in a catchment. These multi-site doubly stochastic point process models incorporate local covariate information in an attempt to capture the effect of atmospheric covariates on rainfall characteristics. The variables used in the analysis are elevation of the recording station above sea-level, local temperature, sea-level pressure and relative humidity. The performance of the models is assessed by comparing various statistical properties of the observed rainfall accumulations at high resolution with the corresponding ones from the fitted models. Results reveal the potential of this class of models in reproducing temporal and spatial variability of rainfall properties over the catchment area, especially at fine time scale

Processing and storage stability of bottle gourd (L. siceraria)

Abstract: Bottle gourd (Langenariasiceraria), Aonla (EmblicaofficinalisGaertn.), Lemon (Citrus x limon) and Ginger (Zingiberofficinale) juice was blended in the proportion of 87.90: 23.40: 5.70: 6.00 mL, respectively.  Prepared blend juice was hot filled in glass bottles and thermally processed over a temperature range over 80-950C for 5-30 min.  Significant difference was observed in ascorbic acid (vitamin C), total plate counts and, yeast and mould counts (P<0.05), while no significant difference was in pH and TSS (P>0.05).  The best thermal process was found at 85°C hot filling and processing at 85°C for 5 min.  At this temperature-time combination, 3.52 pH, 5.17 oBrix TSS, 38.32 mg per 100 mL ascorbic acid,      35 cfu mL-1 total plate counts, 2 cfu mL-1 yeasts and moulds count, and nil coli form counts of blend juice was obtained.  Thermally processed cooled bottles were stored at 37°C for 10 d and 55°C for seven d in incubator for stability test.  The t-test indicated that there was no significant difference between the actual and observed values of pH attribute of blend juice (P<0.05).  At various time and temperatures processed blend juice was very stable and microbiologically safe after their accelerated storage.   Keywords: blend juice, thermal processing, storage stability, physicochemical, microbiologica

Evaluating Direct Feeding of De-Navelled Banana Bunch with Nutrients for Enhancing Fruit Quality, Yield and Nutrient Content

Direct feeding of nutrients to bunch after de-navelling was evaluated in seven varieties of banana (Musa sp.) cvs. 'Grand Naine' (GN), 'Robusta'(R), 'Dwarf Cavendish'(DC), 'Ney Poovan'(NP), 'Nanjangud Rasabale'(NR), 'Nendran' (N) and 'Red banana' (RB) using 500g fresh cow-dung, 100ml water, and 2.5 - 10g each of urea and SOP in combinations. Across varieties, fruit and bunch weight increased by 41.5-104.0% and 44.5-97.3%, respectively, compared to 'control'. Maximum increase in fruit weight was observed with a blend of urea + SOP each at 10g in 'GN', 7.5g in 'R', 'DC', 'N' and 'RB', while, the level of urea + SOP was best at 2.5g for 'NP' and 5.0g for 'NR'. Magnitude of increase in fruit and bunch weight was higher in the cut-end (distal end) of the bunch compared to the leaf-end (proximal end). Improvement in pulp:peel ratio was best in 'NP' (4.29-5.91) and 'NR' (2.99-4.32), while, it was lowest in 'GN' (2.69- 2.72). Total soluble solids (TSS) in the pulp decreased with increasing fruit/bunch yield. 'N' showed an increase in TSS from 23.9-24.8°Brix in 'control', to 27.1-27.2° at 7.5g each combined urea and SOP application. Benefit: cost increased from 0.35 to 1.20 in 'GN', 0.79 to 1.62 in 'R', 0.60 to 1.43 in 'DC', 3.01 to 5.22 in 'NP', 2.16 to 3.41 in 'NR', 1.37 to 3.67 in 'N' and from 2.82 to 4.96 in 'RB', indicating obvious profitability of the technique. Nutrient composition in respect of N, K and S showed a general increase consequent to direct nutrient feeding. Differences in fruit quality and nutrient composition between the top and the bottom portion of the bunch differed with variety