Comment éduquer et accompagner les adolescents et les jeunes adultes dans l’univers médiatique contemporain pour les aider à grandir?

L’arrivée d’internet a bouleversé et remodelé le rapport à l’information et les interactions sociales. Les pratiques informationnelles actuelles renouvellent la notion de source, complexifient le rapport à la vérité et renforcent l’expression de l’opinion, parfois au détriment des faits. Dans ce contexte, l’Éducation aux Médias et à l’Information (EMI) apparaît comme un enjeu majeur

Etude des mutations de gène de la mucoviscidose chez des patients porteurs de dilatation des bronches

BREST-BU Médecine-Odontologie (290192102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Penser l'Union européenne en tant que Tiers statégique

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Nouveaux défis à la pensée stratégique

Lors de la « Semaine de la pensée stratégique », l’Institut de recherche stratégique de l’École militaire (Irsem) a organisé sa première journée d’études le 6 octobre 2009 au cours de laquelle sont intervenus le ministre de la Défense, M. Hervé Morin, et le chef d’état-major des armées, le général Jean-Louis Georgelin. Officiellement créé au 1er janvier 2010, l’Irsem a ainsi engagé son activité académique dès l’automne 2009 en focalisant le débat sur les nouveaux défis de la pensée stratégique

Apparent Yield Stress of Sputum as a Relevant Biomarker in Cystic Fibrosis

International audienceThe mucus obstructing the airways of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients is a yield stress fluid. Linear and non-linear rheological analyses of CF sputa can provide relevant biophysical markers, which could be used for the management of this disease. Sputa were collected from CF patients either without any induction or following an aerosol treatment with the recombinant human DNAse (rhDNAse, Pulmozyme®). Several sample preparations were considered and multiple measurements were performed in order to assess both the repeatability and the robustness of the rheological measurements. The linear and non-linear rheological properties of all CF sputa were characterized. While no correlation between oscillatory shear linear viscoelastic properties and clinical data was observed, the steady shear flow data showed that the apparent yield stress of sputum from CF patients previously treated with rhDNAse was approximately one decade lower than that of non-treated CF patients. Similar results were obtained with sputa from non-induced CF patients subjected ex vivo to a Pulmozyme® aerosol treatment. The results demonstrate that the apparent yield stress of patient sputa is a relevant predictive/prognostic biomarker in CF patients and could help in the development of new mucolytic agents

Optimizations of In Vitro Mucus and Cell Culture Models to Better Predict In Vivo Gene Transfer in Pathological Lung Respiratory Airways: Cystic Fibrosis as an Example

International audienceThe respiratory epithelium can be affected by many diseases that could be treated using aerosol gene therapy. Among these, cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal inherited disease characterized by airways complications, which determine the life expectancy and the effectiveness of aerosolized treatments. Beside evaluations performed under in vivo settings, cell culture models mimicking in vivo pathophysiological conditions can provide complementary insights into the potential of gene transfer strategies. Such models must consider multiple parameters, following the rationale that proper gene transfer evaluations depend on whether they are performed under experimental conditions close to pathophysiological settings. In addition, the mucus layer, which covers the epithelial cells, constitutes a physical barrier for gene delivery, especially in diseases such as CF. Artificial mucus models featuring physical and biological properties similar to CF mucus allow determining the ability of gene transfer systems to effectively reach the underlying epithelium. In this review, we describe mucus and cellular models relevant for CF aerosol gene therapy, with a particular emphasis on mucus rheology. We strongly believe that combining multiple pathophysiological features in single complex cell culture models could help bridge the gaps between in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as viral and non-viral gene delivery strategies