Anorectal Malignant Melanoma Post- Hemorrhoidectomy

Anorectal malignant melanoma, a rare and aggressive tumor, lacks specific symptoms and frequently presents diagnostic challenges due to its similarity to benign anorectal conditions. This case report describes the diagnostic and treatment process of incidentally discovered anorectal malignant melanoma post-hemorrhoidectomy, guided by the existing literature

The effect of different soil conditioners on water retention capacity of light-textured soils

Tarımsal üretimde su en önemli faktörlerden biri olup; verim ve kalite üzerinde doğrudan etkilidir. Uygulanacak su miktarı toprağın su tutma kapasitesi ile sınırlı olup kumlu topraklarda daha düşük değerdedir. Bitkilerin yararlanabildikleri yarayışlı su miktarı toprağın bünyesi, yapısı, gözeneklilik ve organik madde içeriği gibi faktörlere bağlıdır. Toprağın organik madde içeriğini artıran uygulamalar diğer olumlu etkilerinin yanı sıra yarayışlı su miktarını da artıracaktır. Bu amaçla yapay ve doğal pek çok toprak iyileştirici kullanılmaktadır. Bu uygulamalarda esas olan konu toprak iyileştiricinin beklenen faydaları sağlarken aynı zamanda kolay elde edilebilir ve ekonomik olmasıdır. Bu çalışmada yöre toprak koşulları ve toprak düzenleyicinin elde edilebilirliği dikkate alınarak; ahır gübresi, leonardit ve su tutucu polimer, ağırlık/ağırlık (w/w) esasına göre toprağa ahır gübresi (A) ve leonardit (L), toprağa %1, %2, %4 oranında, su tutucu polimer (S) ise toprağa %0.1, %0.25 ve %0.4 oranında karıştırılmıştır. Uygulamalar %48.6 kum içerikli toprak kullanılarak saksı ortamlarında yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre her bir uygulama organik madde içeriğindeki artışa paralel olarak; hacim ağırlığı, porozite ve su tutma kapasitesi üzerinde olumlu etkilerde bulunmuştur. Yarayışlı su değerleri kontrol uygulamasında ortalama %9.47 olarak belirlenirken, leonardit uygulamalarında %9.50-14.04, ahır gübresi uygulamalarında %9.05-17.30, su tutucu polimer uygulamasında ise %10.68-16.48 arasında değişmiştir. Polimer uygulaması tarla kapasitesinde daha yüksek artış göstermiş ancak aynı oranda solma noktasının da artması nedeniyle toplam etkisi sınırlı olmuştur. Sonuç olarak ahır gübresi uygulamasının aynı zamanda etkisinin kalıcı olması ve bitki besin elementi avantajı gibi diğer etkileri de dikkate alındığında; kumlu toprakların su tutma kapasitesinin artırılmasında en etkili yöntem olduğu belirlenmiştir.Water is one of the most important factors in agricultural production; it has a direct impact on yield and quality. The amount of water to be applied is limited to the water holding capacity of the soil and is lower in sandy soils. The amount of available water by plants can utilize depends on factors such as soil texture, structure, porosity and organic matter content. Different applications that will increase the organic matter content of the soil will improve the amount of available water as well as other positive effects. For this purpose, many artificial and natural soil conditioners are used. The main issue in these applications is that the soil conditioners should be easy obtainable and economical while providing the expected benefits. In this study, considering the local soil conditions and the availability of the soil conditioners; it was mixed in proportion to soil on the basis of weight / weight (w/w). Farm manure (A) and leonardite (L) were mixed into the soil at the rate of 1%, 2%, 4%. polymer (TP-WATERSORB) was mixed into the soil at a rate of 0.1%, 0.25% and 0.4%. Applications were carried out in pots using soil with 48.6% sand content (sandy clay loam). According to the results obtained each application as parallel to the increase in organic matter content; had positive effects on bulk density, porosity and water holding capacity. Available water values were determined as 9.47% on average in the control application, 9.50-14.04% in leonardite applications, 9.05-17.30% in farm manure applications, and 10.68-16.48% in water-holding. For polymer application; total effect was limited due to the increase of wilting point. Consequently, considering the other positive effects of farm manure application such as permanent effect and plant nutrient advantage at the same time; it is concluded that it is the most effective method to increase the water holding capacity of sandy soils

The analysis of the relationship between ındividual ınnovativeness and general self-efficacy of the students ın the school of physical education and sportsBeden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin bireysel yenilikçilik ve genel özyeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between personal innovativeness and general self-efficacy of the students of School of Physical Education and Sports. The sample of this research consisted of 462 1st and 4th class students from departments of Sports Management, Physical Education Teaching and Coaching Education of Ege University and Celal Bayar University in the academic year of 2015 – 2016. In this research, quantitative and descriptive research methods are used. A questionnaire consisting of the Personal Innovativeness Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale and some demographic questions was used in this study. SPSS 20.0 Package Software was used for the analysis. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in Personal Innovativeness levels in terms of gender, degree program (formal and evening) and class. It is determined that Personal Innovativeness levels of the students was in “Early Majority” level. Furthermore, General Self-Efficacy levels of the students had statistically significant differences in terms of gender, university, degree program, and class. It was determined that there was a positive medium level  of relationship between the levels of Individual Innovativeness and General Self-Efficacy of the students.  Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu öğrencilerinin bireysel yenilikçilik düzeyleri ile genel özyeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi Ege Üniversitesi ve Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokullarının 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında Spor Yöneticiliği, Beden Eğitimi Öğretmenliği ve Antrenörlük Eğitimi Bölümlerinin 1. ve 4. sınıflarında öğrenim gören 462 lisans öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada nicel araştırma yöntemi ve betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, Bireysel Yenilikçilik ve Genel Özyeterlilik Ölçeklerinin yanı sıra bazı demografik sorulardan oluşan anket formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS 20.0 paket programı kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; Bireysel Yenilikçilik düzeylerinin cinsiyet,  program ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Bireysel Yenilikçilik Düzeylerinin “Sorgulayıcı” seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca Genel Özyeterlilik düzeylerinin cinsiyet, üniversite, program ve sınıf değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklara sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada bireysel yenilikçilik ile genel özyeterlilik arasında pozitif yönde orta düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yani özyeterlilikleri yüksek olan bireylerin yenilikçilik düzeylerinin de yükseldiği, özyeterlilikleri düşük olan bireylerin ise yenilikçilik düzeylerinin de düşeceği söylenebilir

Continuous monitoring of suspended sediment in rivers by use of new methods

Traditional sampling methods are restrictive for spatial and temporal monitoring of suspended sediment in river. Application of these methods is simple but labour intensive to collect and process. For this reason, the use of new technological methods has recently gained importance. These methods are commonly based on the scattering of sound or light in water. Acoustic methods involve propagating sound at around the Megahertz frequency range through the water column. Short bursts of high frequency sound are transmitted from a transducer and directed towards the measurement water sample. Sediment in suspension will scatter a part of this sound back to the transducer. Another method, laser scattering, directs a laser beam through the sample of water where particles in suspension will scatter, absorb and reflect the beam. The scattered laser beam is received by a ring detector that allows measurement of the scattering angle of the beam. Particle size and volumetric concentration can be calculated from knowledge of this angle. In addition to these methods, optical turbidimeters supply an estimate for suspended sediment concentration through measuring either the backscatter of the light or the attenuation of a light beam passing through a water sample. In this paper, these methods were presented and advantages and limitations of each were given for comparison

Measuring water flow velocity and discharge with acoustic doppler velocimeter (adv)

The discharge measurement in river is the basis for using of water, planning, designing and operating water management and development projects. The traditional method of measuring the discharge is based on measurement of the water velocity and cross section area. Current meters are commonly used to determine of water velocity but they require calibration at frequent intervals in laboratory flumes to get accurate results. Because cup and propeller equipments of current meters may be physically damaged, especially river conditions. Recently, acoustics velocimeters are increasingly used with the advances in remote sensing and data processing techniques. There are currently several manufacturers of commercial acoustic devices but the general principles of operation are based on the Doppler shift effect which is the difference in frequency (shift) between transmitted pulses and received echoes in water. Acoustics velocimeters provide accurate and economical discharge measurements with simple and fast operation under different flow conditions. The purpose of this paper is to present principles of operation of acoustic Doppler velocimeters with results of field and open channel discharge measurements

Roles of the Oxidative Stress and ADMA in the Development of Deep Venous Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism has multifactorial origin and occurs in the context of complex interactions between environmental and genetic predisposing factors. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiopathology of venous thrombosis. Current study examined the role of oxidative stress and asymmetric dimethylarginine in the development of DVT with the parameters such as serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase, ADMA, homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 levels. Serum MDA levels were found significantly (P0.05). This study showed that patients with DVT have increased oxidative stress compared with the healthy volunteers whereas there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of serum ADMA levels. Thus serum ADMA levels seemed to be not related with development of DVT

AVİYONİK ÜRÜN DOĞRULAMASINDA TİTREŞİM FİKSTÜRÜ TASARIMI

Bu çalışma kapsamında, havacılık sektöründe kullanılan aviyonik bir ürün için, titreşim fikstürü tasarlanarak doğrulanmıştır. Sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak modal analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modal analizlerle tasarımı doğrulanan model, üretildikten sonra titreşim testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Titreşim testleri esnasında ivmeölçerler yardımıyla veri toplanarak analiz sonuçları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulmuştur. Korelasyonu sağlanan analiz ve test sonuçları ile titreşim fikstür tasarımının uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir

The cost-effectiveness of treating chronic hepatitis B patients in a median endemic and middle income country

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a serious public health problem due to its potential liver disease sequelae and highly expensive medical costs such as the need for liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to quantify the burden of active CHB in terms of mortality and morbidity, the eligibility of antiviral treatment and to assess various treatment scenarios and possible salvage combinations for cost-effectiveness.METHODS: A population cohort from a large data base of chronic hepatitis B patients was constructed and stratified according to 10-year age groups, the prevalence of HBsAg, HBV DNA level, ALT level, HBeAg status and the presence of cirrhosis. An age-specific Markov model for disease progression and cost-effectiveness analysis was constructed and calibrated for the specific population setting.RESULTS: Of about 3.2 million estimated HBsAg carriers, 25% are eligible for treatment. If the active cohort remains untreated, 31% will die due to liver related complications. Within a 20-year period, 11% will have developed decompensated cirrhosis, 12% liver cancer and 6% will need liver transplantation. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for the no treatment scenario ranged from 9.3 to 14.0. For scenarios with antiviral treatment, QALYs ranged from 9.9 to 14.5 for lamivudine, 13.0-17.5 for salvage therapy, and 16.6-19.0 for the third generation drugs entecavir and tenofovir.CONCLUSION: In a country with considerable amount of active CHB patients, monotherapy with a highly potent third generation drug has the most health-gain, and is cost-effective in both HBeAg-positive and negative in all stages of liver disease.</p

The cost-effectiveness of treating chronic hepatitis B patients in a median endemic and middle income country

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is a serious public health problem due to its potential liver disease sequelae and highly expensive medical costs such as the need for liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to quantify the burden of active CHB in terms of mortality and morbidity, the eligibility of antiviral treatment and to assess various treatment scenarios and possible salvage combinations for cost-effectiveness.METHODS: A population cohort from a large data base of chronic hepatitis B patients was constructed and stratified according to 10-year age groups, the prevalence of HBsAg, HBV DNA level, ALT level, HBeAg status and the presence of cirrhosis. An age-specific Markov model for disease progression and cost-effectiveness analysis was constructed and calibrated for the specific population setting.RESULTS: Of about 3.2 million estimated HBsAg carriers, 25% are eligible for treatment. If the active cohort remains untreated, 31% will die due to liver related complications. Within a 20-year period, 11% will have developed decompensated cirrhosis, 12% liver cancer and 6% will need liver transplantation. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) for the no treatment scenario ranged from 9.3 to 14.0. For scenarios with antiviral treatment, QALYs ranged from 9.9 to 14.5 for lamivudine, 13.0-17.5 for salvage therapy, and 16.6-19.0 for the third generation drugs entecavir and tenofovir.CONCLUSION: In a country with considerable amount of active CHB patients, monotherapy with a highly potent third generation drug has the most health-gain, and is cost-effective in both HBeAg-positive and negative in all stages of liver disease.</p

TASL practice guidance on the clinical assessment and management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multisystem disease and is significantly associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. NAFLD has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries, and the proportion of NAFLD-related cirrhosis among patients on liver transplantation waiting lists has increased. In light of the accumulated data about NAFLD, and to provide a common approach with multi-disciplines dealing with the subject, it has become necessary to create new guidance for diagnosing and treating NAFLD. This guidance was prepared following an interdisciplinary study under the leadership of the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver (TASL), Fatty Liver Special Interest Group. This new TASL Guidance is a practical application guide on NAFLD and was prepared to standardize the clinical approach to diagnosing and treating NAFLD patients. This guidance reflects many advances in the field of NAFLD. The proposals in this guidance are meant to aid decision-making in clinical practice. The guidance is primar-ily intended for gastroenterology, endocrinology, metabolism diseases, cardi-ology, internal medicine, pediatric specialists, and family medicine specialists