Band Spectrum of Cadmium Bromide

The H. F. emission spectrum of cadmium bromide molecule is reinvestigated P, Q component head splitting is presented for the (o, o) and (1, 1) bands of the main system and a few additional bands are assigned to this system. A new group of bands is interpreted as forming the Counterpart of the main system which arises from 2 π-2 Σ transition. About 50 bands arc measured in the visible region and regularities shown

The Importance of Being Honset - Lessons from an Era of Large-Scale Financial Fraud

In recent years, we have seen a series of staggering losses sustained by large multinational banking organizations. The Daiwa Bank ( Daiwa ), Barings Bank ( Barings ) and the Bank of Credit and Commerce International ( BCCI ) are three prominent examples. Each of these institutions suffered losses in excess of $1 billion through unauthorized, fraudulent or unlawful conduct by management. In each of these institutions, there existed a key bank official who broke through what might be considered a billion dollar barrier. At Daiwa Bank\u27s New York Branch, there was Toshihbe Iguchi, its Senior Vice President and bond trader. Barings Bank had Nick Leeson, a futures and commodities trader. In the case of BCCI, we had Agha Hasan Abedi, the President, and his trusted and capable deputy, Swaleh Naqvi. The actions of these individuals significantly affected the operation of eachof these banks. BCCI was completely shut down and subsequently liquidated. Daiwa was forced to leave the United States. Barings became insolvent, butwas eventually rescued in an acquisition by a Dutch bank holding company, ING. More recently, a Japanese multinational corporation, the Sumitomo Corporation, announced that a single copper trader, Yasuo Hamanaka, had concealed over$2.6 billion dollars in copper trading losses for a period of tenyears.\u27 The recurrence of these events reveals a significant problem. The recurrence also suggests that it would be a mistake to regard these events as unique situations attributable only to the frailty of the character who caused them to happen. The magnitude of the losses involved is most striking. It was also unsettling to learn that neither external bank regulators nor internal managers saw the concealment of the losses until they reached such astronomical proportions.In each case, the fraud was aided by the global structure of these banks. There are many lessons to be learned from these incidents. One major lesson we would like to impart-the importance of being honest. Financial systems, financial markets and financial institutions are based upon trust and confidence. Bank supervisors need to continually assess the sufficiency of their methods. Banks, in turn, need to focus on greater cooperation and compliance with supervisors. Further, the process of supervision will not function effectively if the process is adversarial. Instead, bank supervisors need to be able to rely-for practical reasons-on the veracity of the banks whom they supervise

Translating \u3ci\u3eUnocal\u3c/i\u3e: The Expanding Web of Liability for Business Entities Implicated in International Crimes

The Ninth Circuit ruled that a corporation could be held liable under the federal Alien Tort Claims Act for its complicity in a violation of international criminal law occurring outside the U.S. (Doe I v. Unocal Corp., 395 F.3d 932 (9th Cir. 2002)). Since then, litigants have filed increasing numbers of such cases. These cases raise two questions: (1) Is the United States the only country that provides judicial accountability for business entities involved in international crimes abroad? and (2) How are other countries translating the basic kinds of accountability that Unocal recognized into their own legal systems? This Article attempts to answer these questions by presenting the results of a comparative law survey involving sixteen countries that invited lawyers and legal scholars to examine questions relating to the status of international criminal law in each country. Their responses examine the incorporation into domestic penal codes of international criminal law from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and other international covenants; describe applicable concepts of third-party liability; and evaluate the status of corporate liability under domestic penal codes. The responses reveal other sources of criminal liability for illicit business conduct abroad, such as bribery of foreign officials, money laundering, and dealing in stolen property. Finally, they provide analyses of the laws and legal customs relating to the rights of victims to access civil courts in the various countries in search of compensation and other remedies. The responses present compelling evidence of the existence of what has been termed an emerging transnational web of liability for business entities implicated in international crimes. Since the sixteen countries in the survey represent both civil and common law traditions, parties and nonparties to the ICC, and a wide geographic range, we believe conclusions reached may be extrapolated more broadly

The probability of climatically derived seasonal surface runoff in southern Ontario.

Dept. of Geography. Paper copy at Leddy Library: Theses & Major Papers - Basement, West Bldg. / Call Number: Thesis1976 .R353. Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1976

Thermal field and oceanic circulation along the east coast of India

From the bathy thermographic data, collected during the first 19 cruises of the Andhra University during the period October 1952 to April 1953 along the east coast of India, thermal fields at surface, 40, 100, 200 and 400 feet levels have been constructed for the three seasons, viz., Post-Monsoon, Winter and Summer seasons. The present study is confined to the coastal region between latitudes 13" N. to 18" N. and longitudes 80" E. to 84" E. In addition to this area, during winter season, the study has been extended to an area over the Swatch of No Ground

Velocity of sound in the Arabian Sea along the South Malabar coast during the post-monsoon season

The knowledge of the sound distribution in the sea is of importance in fathmetry and in sonar studies. It is with a view to find the corrections to various echo-sounders with different 'sounding velocities' for use in the Arabian Sea, along the South-Western coast of India, this study has been undertaken. As a preliminary, the results for the period immediately after the South-West monsoon only, are given in this paper. As it would be of interest for further studies in locating the subsurface barriers by sonic method and because of the importance of the sound velocity in under-water acoustics, the distribution of sound velocity is fully discussed without making any special reference to the individual problems