Habitat quality affects the condition of Luciobarbus sclateri in the Guadiamar River (SW Iberian Peninsula): Effects of disturbances by the toxic spill of the Aznalcóllar mine

This study analyzes the somatic condition of southern Iberian barbel Luciobarbus sclateri (Günther, 1868) in the Guadiamar River (SW Iberian Peninsula). This river was seriously affected by a toxic spill of about 4 million cubic meters of acidic water and 2 million cubic meters of mud rich in heavy metals. Once the spill removal works concluded, sites affected and unaffected by the accident were sampled to study its effects on the fish fauna. The ecological variables registered were related to water quality, physical state of reaches, ecological quality, resources exploited by fish, and potential intra-specific interactions. From an initial 15 ecological variables, seasonal water flow and pH explained most of the variation in barbel condition. This study shows that the Guadiamar River, 56 months after the accident, is still undergoing a recovery process where, beyond ecological variables, proximity to the affected area is the most influential factor for fish condition. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V

Dibujo e imagen en la enseñanza de filosofía

[spa] El objeto del trabajo es analizar recursos visuales disponibles para el profesor de Filosofía para ver cómo puede aplicar todo el potencial de estos materiales a distintos niveles, centrándonos especialmente en el uso de grafismos e ilustraciones. Su estructura se basa taxonomía de Bloom, comenzando por aquello que nos ayuda a recordar y asentar conceptos, ascendiendo hasta la aplicación de los mismos al análisis y la creación. Cada sección contiene una propuesta de actividad evaluable basada en el recurso que en ella se analiza, todas ellas aplicadas al mismo curso-modelo. Se incluyen además recomendaciones para la adaptación de dichas propuestas a otros niveles o a situaciones donde sea necesario trabajar de forma no presencial.[eng] The purpose of this work is to analyze visual resources available to the Philosophy teacher to see how he can apply the full potential of these materials at different levels, focusing especially on the use of graphics and illustrations. Its structure is based on Bloom's taxonomy, starting with what helps us to remember and settle concepts, going up to their application to analysis and creation. Each section contains an evaluable activity proposal based on the resource analyzed, all of them applied to the same model class. Recommendations are also included for the adaptation of said proposals to other levels or to distance education

El valor epistemológico de la ilustración

[eng] While it is undeniable that the main vector for human knowledge has been writen language, it is also evident that this can be extended with another kind of communicatve forms. Here we will try to review the illustraton, which is an important scientic and didactc tool from modernity, through the analysis of some fundamental notons that have their origin in the Theory of Mind and the Theory of the Image, as well as a brief historical outline from the Renaissance to the past century

La barcaza de Don Polaino

Projecte 9

Safwa la Djinn

Projecte 9

Sapere aude

Projecte 9

Trihalomethane levels in drinking water in the province of Granada [Spain]

7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table.-- PMID: 19080927 [PubMed].[ESP] Objetivos: La cloración del agua da lugar a la formación de subproductos potencialmente dañinos para la salud, entre ellos los trihalometanos, que se han hallado elevados en algunas zonas de España. En este estudio se investigan los valores de trihalometanos en el agua de consumo suministrada por varios sistemas de abastecimiento de la provincia de Granada, en el área de actuación de la cohorte madres-hijos de la Red INMA (Infancia y Medio Ambiente).Métodos: Se analizaron 82 muestras de agua de consumo en dos campañas de muestreo en invierno y verano de 2006. Se determinó la concentración de cloroformo, romodiclorometano, dibromoclorometano y bromoformo, siguiendo un procedimiento optimizado basado en cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas.Resultados: El rango de concentración de trihalometanos totales se situó entre 0,14 y 18,75 ug/l en la campaña de invierno y entre 0,01 y 31,87 ug/l en la de verano. El compuesto mayoritario fue cloroformo. La concentración media de trihalometanos en agua de origen superficial y subterráneo fue de 10,13 y 1,41 ug/l, respectivamente.Conclusiones: Los valores de trihalometanos encontrados son muy inferiores a la concentración máxima admisible (100 ug/l) establecida por la Unión Europea para estos compuestos. Estos valores varían significativamente según el origen del agua, con mayores concentraciones en áreas urbana y semiurbana, donde el agua es mayoritariamente de origen superficial. La presencia de trihalometanos en la zona es menor a la descrita en otras regiones españolas.[ENG] Objectives: Drinking water chlorination generates potentially harmful by-products, such as trihalomethanes. Trihalomethane levels are high in some parts of Spain. The aim of the present study was to investigate trihalomethane concentrations in drinking water from distinct water supplies in the province of Granada, within the framework of the Childhood and Environment (INMA) study.Methods: Eighty-two tap water samples were collected in two campaigns during the winter and summer of 2006. An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to determine concentrations of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform in the samples.Results: Total trihalomethane concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 18.75 ug/l in winter samples and from 0.01 to 31.87 ug/l in summer samples. The most abundant compound was chloroform. Mean trihalomethane concentrations were 10.13 in surface waters and 1.41 ug/l in ground waters.Conclusions: The trihalomethane levels found were considerably below the maximum permitted level of 100 ug/l in the European Union. The values obtained varied widely according to the type of water source: the highest concentrations were found in urban and sub-urban areas, where the water is largely of surface origin. The presence of trihalomethanes was lower than that reported in other Spanish regions.Este trabajo se ha financiado gracias a los proyectos de investigación subvencionados por la Comisión Europea (Environmental Reproductive Health-QLK4-1999-01422), el Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (Red de Infancia y Medio Ambiente, INMA-G03/176) y la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (SAS-202/04).Peer reviewe

Persistent organic pollutants in remote freshwater ecosystems

11 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables.-- Printed version published Sep 2005.Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine compounds (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in two European remote mountain lakes situated in the Pyrenees (Lake Redon) and the Tatra Mountains (Ladove). Both dissolved and particulate water phases were analyzed at different water column depths.OCs already banned in most European countries showed similar concentrations in the two lakes, e.g. 6.7–8.5 pg L−1 for HCB, 8.0–12 pg L−1 for DDTs, and 60–64 pg L−1 for PCBs (sum of seven individual congeners), being in general lower than those reported in other remote aquatic systems. On the contrary, compounds of present use or currently emitted to the atmosphere exhibited significant concentration differences between sites. Thus, the higher levels of HCHs (1000–2630 pg L−1) and endosulfans (780–1610 pg L−1) in Lake Redon than in Ladove are in agreement with an impact of agricultural activities in the former. In contrast, the higher PAH concentrations in Ladove, 12 ± 1 ng L−1 (mean ± standard deviation), than in Lake Redon, 0.77–1.6 ng L−1 evidence higher deposition of combustion residues in the Tatras.POP concentration decreases with depth were observed for the compounds present in the dissolved phase such as endosulfan, HCB, and the low molecular weight PCBs and PAH. The vertical differences were higher in Lake Redon, probably due to its deeper basin. These gradients are consistent with the incorporation of these compounds into the lakes by air-water exchange through the gas-dissolved phase. In contrast, PCBs or PAH associated to the suspended particulate material (those of higher molecular weight) showed uniform concentrations throughout the water column, which may reflect high efficiency in the vertical transport of the compounds associated to this phase.Financial support from EU Projects EMERGE (EVK1-CT-1999-00032) and EUROLIMPACS (GOCE-CT-2003-505540).Peer reviewe

Organochlorine pollutants in remote mountain lake waters

10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables.-- PMID: 11476507 [PubMed].Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs; alpha- and gamma-isomers), endosulfans (alpha- and beta-isomers and the sulfate residue), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) were measured in waters from three European remote mountain lakes situated in the Alps, Pyrenees, and Caledonian mountains. Sampling encompassed both ice-free and ice-covered periods at different water column depths. High HCH concentrations were found in all lakes, those in the Alps and Pyrenees (990-2,900 pg/L) being among the highest recorded in continental waters. Endosulfans and endosulfan sulfate (120-1,150 pg/L) were the second major group of organochlorine contaminants, showing a remarkable stability upon atmospheric long-range transport. The concentrations of HCB, DDTs, and PCB (4-8, 0.6-16, and 26-110 pg/L, respectively) were low in comparison with other continental waters. Hexachlorocyclohexanes, endosulfans, and HCB were essentially found in the dissolved phase. Phase partitioning of the more hydrophobic compounds exhibited a dependence on temperature and water-suspended particles. Comparison between different sampling seasons and water depths indicated a remarkable concentration uniformity within lake, but major interlake differences. Normalization to turnover rates showed higher interlake similarity. Preferential accumulation of the less volatile compounds in the Alp lake and significant increase of baseline contributions of organochlorine compounds and residues in the Caledonian lake are also evidenced from these turnover rates.This work has been undertaken in the framework of MOLAR and EMERGE projects funded by Commission of the European Communities (ENV4-CT95- 0007 and EVK1-CT-1999-00032, respectively). Financial support from CICYT (AMB96-2287-CE) is also acknowledged. Rosa Vilanova thanks the Spanish Ministry of Education for a Ph.D. fellowship.Peer reviewe